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<TD borderColor=#6699ff><FONT
size=2>您的位置：技术园地>技术讲座-GSM蜂窝移动通信系统 </FONT></TD></TR>
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<DIV align=center><FONT size=4><B><FONT color=#000099>第二讲
GSM通信系统</FONT></B></FONT></DIV></TD></TR>
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style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: navy; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><SPAN
lang=EN-US><O:P></O:P></SPAN></SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><B><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><A name=b1>2.1 系统的组成</A><O:P>
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<P class=MsoNormal
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color=#000066>蜂窝移动通信系统主要是由交换网路子系统（NSS）、无线基站子系统<BR>(BSS)和移动台（MS）三大部分组成，如图2－1所示。其中NSS与BSS之间的<BR>接口为</FONT></SPAN><FONT
face=楷体_GB2312 color=#000066><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">A</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">接口，<SPAN
lang=EN-US>BSS与MS之间的接口为</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">Um</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">接口。在模拟移动通信系统中，<SPAN
lang=EN-US>TACS规范只对Um接口进行了规定，而未对A接口做任何的限制。因此，各设备生产厂家对A接口都采用各自的接口协议，对Um接口遵循TACS规范。也就是说，NSS系统和BSS系统只能采用一个厂家的设备，而MS可用不同厂家的设备。<O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></SPAN></FONT><FONT face=楷体_GB2312><SPAN
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lang=EN-US><O:P></O:P></SPAN></SPAN></FONT><SPAN
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<IMG height=164
src="g2-1-2-3-4-5.files/g2-1-21.gif" width=343> </SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><FONT face=楷体_GB2312
color=#000066>图<SPAN lang=EN-US>2－1 蜂窝移动通信系统的组成<O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
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</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">由于<SPAN
lang=EN-US>GSM规范是由北欧一些运营公司</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">炒</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">出的规范，运营公司当然喜欢花最少的投资，用最好的设备来建最优良的通信网，因此<SPAN
lang=EN-US>GSM规范对系统的各个接口都有明确的规定。也就是说，各接口都是开放式接口。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></FONT></P>
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face=楷体_GB2312 color=#000066><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">GSM系统框图如图2-2，A接口往右是NSS系统，它包括有移动业务交换中心（MSC）、拜访位置寄存器（VLR）、归属位置寄存器（HLR）、鉴权中心（AUC）和移动设备识别寄存器（EIR），A接口往左Um接口是BSS系统，它包括有基站控制器（BSC）和基站收发信台（BTS）。Um接口往左是移动台部分（MS），其中包括移动终端（MS）和客户识别卡（SIM）。<O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></FONT><FONT face=楷体_GB2312><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></FONT><FONT
face=楷体_GB2312><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></FONT><SPAN
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<P class=MsoNormal
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align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US
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<IMG
height=203 src="g2-1-2-3-4-5.files/g2-1-22.gif" width=364
v:shapes="_x0000_i1026"></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
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align=center><SPAN
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><FONT face=楷体_GB2312
color=#000066>图<SPAN lang=EN-US>2－2
GSM系统框图</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 color=#000066><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face=楷体_GB2312 color=#000066><SPAN
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">在<SPAN
lang=EN-US>GSM网上还配有短信息业务中心（SC），即可开放点对点的短信息业务，类似数字寻呼业务，实现全国联网，又可开放广播式公共信息业务。另外配有语音信箱，可开放语音留言业务，当移动被叫客户暂不能接通时，可接到语音信箱留言，提高网路接通率，给运营部门增加收入。
</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><B><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><A name=b2>2.2
交换网路子系统</A><O:P> </O:P></B></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><FONT face=楷体_GB2312
color=#000066>交换网路子系统（<SPAN
lang=EN-US>NSS）主要完成交换功能和客户数据与移动性管理、安全性管理所需的数据库功能。<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>NSS
由一系列功能实体所构成，各功能实体介绍如下：</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><FONT face=楷体_GB2312
color=#000066><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
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