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<TITLE>Compiling from command line with Microsoft Visual C++</TITLE>
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<FONT SIZE=4> Compilers </FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE=5><B>Compiling from command line with Microsoft Visual C++</B></FONT>
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<P>
Visual C++ supports the possibility to compile 32 bits programs with no need to use the
integrated development environment, simply from the comman line.
<P>
For that, first of all we need that a series of system environment variables be suitably
defined. More concretely they are the variables
<TT><B>%INCLUDE%</B></TT> and <TT><B>%LIB%</B></TT> that define the directories where
the include and library files are, as well as it is also recommendable to add the directories
where the executable file that we need to compile are to the path.
<P>
Luckily, during the initial installation of Visual C++ a BAT file called
<TT><B>VCVARS32.bat</B></TT> would have been automatically created defining all these
environment variables for us. This BAT file is located at the subdirectory
<TT><B>BIN</B></TT> that hangs from the directory where you have installed Visaul C++,
that by default would be something similar to:
<blockquote ><TT>
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\VC98\BIN
</TT></BLOCKQUOTE>
Maybe this file is already being automatically executed whenever our operating system
starts up, to know that we can just try this test: from the command line type:
<blockquote ><TT>
set INCLUDE
</TT></BLOCKQUOTE>
if the system shows a series of paths separated by commas the file has already been executed.
If a message telling that the environment variable has not yet been defined (is not defined)
is shown you will have to execute the file <TT><B>VCVARS32.bat</B></TT> manually.
<P>
<H2>The command line compiler (<TT><B>CL</B></TT>).</H2>
In the BIN subdirectory where our compiler is (that one which VCVARS32 includes in the PATH)
there is an utility called <TT><B>CL.EXE</B></TT> specially designed to compile programs
from the command line. Its prototype is the following one:
<blockquote><TT>
<B>CL </B><I>option(s) file(s) </I><B>@</B><I>command_file</I><B> /link </B><I>link_options</I>
</TT></BLOCKQUOTE>
where the only obligatory parameter is <TT><I>file(s)</I></TT> that shall be a list of
the sourcecode files and libraries that we want to compile together.
The different file types will be distinguished according to its extension, thus:
<blockquote >
<TT><B>c</B></TT> will be considered C language source code files, and<BR>
<TT><B>cpp</B></TT> and <TT><B>cxx</B></TT> will be considered C++ language source code
files.<BR>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
if we want to use other extensions for our sourcecode files we will have to precede the
name of the file with <TT><B>/Tc</B></TT> for files in C language and with
<TT><B>/Tp</B></TT> for files written in C++ language (with no
space character between these espefier tags and the file name).
<P>
The <TT><I>option(s)</I></TT> parameter can go intermingled between the files, or before
or after them. They are compiling options, because there are many, mainly different types
of optimizations, I'm not going to detail them (consult the compiler help typing
<TT><B>CL /HELP</B></TT> for a complete list, or take a llok at the Article <I>Compiler
Command-Line Syntax</I> of the
<I>Visul C++ Programmer's Guide</I> includes in the MSDN).
<P>
The <TT><B>@</B><I>command_file</I></TT> parameter is used to specify the name of
a file that contains other command line options preceded by an at sign (<tt><B>@</B></TT>).
<TT><B>CL</B></TT> will insert the content of that file at the point of the command line
where you specify its name as if you typed the content of the file.
<P>
Finally <TT><B>/link</B> <I>link-options</I></TT> is used to specify options to the linker,
that are automatically called by <TT><B>CL</B></TT> if the <TT><B>/c</B></TT> option is not
specified. It serves to specify the type of executable file that we want to create,
the location of libraries and include files and other linker options like the debugging
level. Consult the Visual C++ help for more details.
<P>
<H2>In summary</H2>
In summary, if you want to compile a unique C++ source code file into an executable
like for example <TT><B>test.cpp</B></TT> and you have already executed
<TT><B>VCVARS32.BAT</B></TT> it would be enough to write at the command line:
<blockquote ><TT>
LC test.cpp
</TT></BLOCKQUOTE>
that would generate the file <TT><B>test.exe</B></TT>.
<P>
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