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6.59. Util-linux-2.12q
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Linux From Scratch - Version 6.1
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Chapter 6. 安装系统基础软件
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<h1 class="sect1">
6.59. Util-linux-2.12q
</h1>
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<div class="package" lang="zh_cn" xml:lang="zh_cn">
<p>Util-linux 软件包包含许多工具。其中比较重要的是加载、卸载、格式化、分区和管理硬盘驱动器，打开 tty 端口和得到内核消息。</p>
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<strong><span class="segtitle">预计编译时间：</span></strong> <span class="seg">0.2 SBU</span>
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<strong><span class="segtitle">所需磁盘空间：</span></strong> <span class="seg">11.6 MB</span>
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<strong><span class="segtitle">安装依赖于：</span></strong> <span class="seg">Bash, Binutils, Coreutils, Diffutils, GCC, Gettext, Glibc, Grep, Make, Ncurses, Sed, Zlib</span>
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<h2 class="sect2">
6.59.1. FHS 编译说明</h2>
</div>
<p>
FHS 推荐使用 <tt class="filename">/var/lib/hwclock</tt> 目录代替常用的
<tt class="filename">/etc</tt> 目录以定位这个
<tt class="filename">adjtime</tt> 文件。要将
<span><strong class="command">hwclock</strong></span> 编译成与FHS兼容的程序，运行下面的命令：</p>
<pre class="userinput"><kbd class="command">sed -i 's@etc/adjtime@var/lib/hwclock/adjtime@g' \
hwclock/hwclock.c
mkdir -p /var/lib/hwclock</kbd></pre>
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<h2 class="sect2">
6.59.2. 安装 Util-linux
</h2>
</div>
<p>
Util-linux 在基于新版本的 Linux-Libc-Headers 编译时会出错，下面的补丁修正了这个问题：</p>
<pre class="userinput"><kbd class="command">patch -Np1 -i ../util-linux-2.12q-cramfs-1.patch</kbd></pre>
<p>为编译 Util-linux 做准备：</p>
<pre class="userinput"><kbd class="command">./configure</kbd></pre>
<p>编译软件包：</p>
<pre class="userinput"><kbd class="command">make HAVE_KILL=yes HAVE_SLN=yes</kbd></pre>
<p>make 参数的意思是：</p>
<div class="variablelist">
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="term"><em class="parameter"><tt>HAVE_KILL=yes</tt></em></span> </dt>
<dd>
<p>
防止编译和安装 <strong class="command">kill</strong> 程序(已经由Procps安装了)。</p>
</dd>
<dt>
<span class="term"><em class="parameter"><tt>HAVE_SLN=yes</tt></em></span> </dt>
<dd>
<p>
防止编译 <strong class="command">sln</strong> 程序(这是静态连接的 <strong class="command">ln</strong>，已经由Glibc安装了)。</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<p>
这个软件包没有附带测试程序。
</p>
<p>
安装软件包并将 <span><strong class="command">logger</strong></span> 二进制文件移动到 <tt class="filename">/bin</tt> 目录，因为 LFS-Bootscripts
需要它：</p>
<pre class="userinput"><kbd class="command">make HAVE_KILL=yes HAVE_SLN=yes install
mv /usr/bin/logger /bin</kbd></pre>
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<a id="contents-utillinux" name="contents-utillinux"></a>
<h2 class="sect2">
6.59.3. Util-linux 的内容 </h2>
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<strong><span class="segtitle">安装的程序：</span></strong> <span class="seg">agetty, arch, blockdev, cal, cfdisk, chkdupexe, col, colcrt, colrm, column, ctrlaltdel, cytune, ddate, dmesg, elvtune, fdformat, fdisk, fsck.cramfs, fsck.minix, getopt, hexdump, hwclock, ipcrm, ipcs, isosize, line, logger, look, losetup, mcookie, mkfs, mkfs.bfs, mkfs.cramfs, mkfs.minix, mkswap, more, mount, namei, pg, pivot_root, ramsize(链接到 rdev), raw, rdev, readprofile, rename, renice, rev, rootflags(链接到 rdev), script, setfdprm, setsid, setterm, sfdisk, swapdev, swapoff(链接到 swapon), swapon, tunelp, ul, umount, vidmode(链接到 rdev), whereis, write</span>
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<div class="variablelist">
<h3>
<a id="id3337835" name="id3337835"></a>简要描述</h3>
<table border="0">
<col align="left" valign="top" />
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="agetty" name="agetty"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">agetty</strong></span></span> </td>
<td>
<p>
打开 tty 端口,为登录名称建立命令控制符,并且引出<span><strong class="command">login</strong></span>程序</p> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="arch" name="arch"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">arch</strong></span></span> </td>
<td>
<p>报告机器的体系结构</p> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="blockdev" name="blockdev"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">blockdev</strong></span></span> </td>
<td>
<p>在命令行中调用块设备的ioctl</p> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="cal" name="cal"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">cal</strong></span></span> </td>
<td>
<p>显示一个简单的日历。</p> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="cfdisk" name="cfdisk"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">cfdisk</strong></span></span> </td>
<td>
<p>处理指定设备的分区表</p> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="chkdupexe" name="chkdupexe"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">chkdupexe</strong></span></span> </td>
<td>
<p>找出重复的可执行文件</p> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="col" name="col"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">col</strong></span></span> </td>
<td>
<p>过滤回显反馈线</p> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="colcrt" name="colcrt"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">colcrt</strong></span></span> </td>
<td>
<p>
过滤那些 <span><strong class="command">nroff</strong></span> 终端不具备输出的能力，比如高分点距、半线距</p> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="colrm" name="colrm"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">colrm</strong></span></span> </td>
<td>
<p>过滤掉给出的列</p> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="column" name="column"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">column</strong></span></span> </td>
<td>
<p>把输出格式化为几列</p> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="ctrlaltdel" name="ctrlaltdel"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ctrlaltdel</strong></span></span> </td>
<td>
<p>设置CTRL+ALT+DEL组合键的功能为硬重启或软重启</p> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="cytune" name="cytune"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">cytune</strong></span></span> </td>
<td>
<p>查询和修改 Cyclade 驱动器的中断入口</p> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="ddate" name="ddate"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">ddate</strong></span></span> </td>
<td>
<p>把阳历日期转换为Discordian日期</p> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="dmesg" name="dmesg"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">dmesg</strong></span></span> </td>
<td>
<p>显示内核的启动信息</p> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="elvtune" name="elvtune"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">elvtune</strong></span></span> </td>
<td>
<p>调整块设备的相互作用和性能</p> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="fdformat" name="fdformat"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">fdformat</strong></span></span> </td>
<td>
<p>低级格式化一张软盘</p> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="fdisk" name="fdisk"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">fdisk</strong></span></span> </td>
<td>
<p>磁盘分区管理程序</p> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="fsck.cramfs" name="fsck.cramfs"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">fsck.cramfs</strong></span></span> </td>
<td>
<p>对Cramfs文件系统的一致性进行检查</p> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="fsck.minix" name="fsck.minix"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">fsck.minix</strong></span></span> </td>
<td>
<p>
对 Minix 文件系统的一致性进行检查</p> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="getopt" name="getopt"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">getopt</strong></span></span> </td>
<td>
<p>在给出的命令行进行选项和参数解析</p> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="hexdump" name="hexdump"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">hexdump</strong></span></span> </td>
<td>
<p>用用户指定的方式(包括ASCII, 十进制, 十六进制, 八进制)显示一个文件或者标准输入的数据</p> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="hwclock" name="hwclock"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">hwclock</strong></span></span> </td>
<td>
<p>查询和设置硬件时钟(也被称为RTC或BIOS时钟)。</p> </td>
</tr>
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