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6.56. Sysvinit-2.86
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Linux From Scratch - Version 6.1
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Chapter 6. 安装系统基础软件
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<h1 class="sect1">
6.56. Sysvinit-2.86
</h1>
</div>
<div class="package" lang="zh_cn" xml:lang="zh_cn">
<p>
Sysvinit 软件包包含一些控制系统启动、运行、关闭的程序。</p>
<div class="segmentedlist">
<div class="seglistitem">
<div class="seg">
<strong><span class="segtitle">预计编译时间：</span></strong> <span class="seg">0.1 SBU</span>
</div>
<div class="seg">
<strong><span class="segtitle">所需磁盘空间：</span></strong> <span class="seg">1012 KB</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="segmentedlist">
<div class="seglistitem">
<div class="seg">
<strong><span class="segtitle">安装依赖于：</span></strong> <span class="seg">Binutils, Coreutils, GCC, Glibc, Make</span>
</div>
</div>
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</div>
<div class="installation" lang="zh_cn" xml:lang="zh_cn">
<div class="titlepage">
<h2 class="sect2">
6.56.1. 安装 Sysvinit
</h2>
</div>
<p>
当运行级别被改变(比如，正在关闭系统)，<span><strong class="command">init</strong></span> 向那些 <span><strong class="command">init</strong></span> 自身开启的，并且将不会在新的运行级别里运行的线程发送终端信号。当 <span><strong class="command">init</strong></span> 做上面这些事情时，会输出像 “<span class="quote">Sending processes the TERM
signal</span>” 这样的信息，这看起来就像它正在向那些系统正在运行的程序发送上面这些信息一样。要避免错误地理解这个信息，可以修改源码以便可以代替为读起来像 “<span class="quote">Sending processes started by init
the TERM signal</span>” 的信息，可以用下面命令：</p>
<pre class="userinput"><kbd class="command">sed -i 's@Sending processes@& started by init@g' \
src/init.c</kbd></pre>
<p>编译软件包：</p>
<pre class="userinput"><kbd class="command">make -C src</kbd></pre>
<p>
安装软件包：
</p>
<pre class="userinput"><kbd class="command">make -C src install</kbd></pre>
</div>
<div class="configuration" lang="zh_cn" xml:lang="zh_cn">
<div class="titlepage">
<a id="conf-sysvinit" name="conf-sysvinit"></a>
<h2 class="sect2">
6.56.2. 配置 Sysvinit
</h2>
</div>
<p>
运行下面命令，创建一个新 <tt class="filename">/etc/inittab</tt> 文件：</p>
<pre class="userinput"><kbd class="command">cat > /etc/inittab << "EOF"
<tt class="literal"># Begin /etc/inittab
id:3:initdefault:
si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc sysinit
l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 0
l1:S1:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 1
l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 2
l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 3
l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 4
l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 5
l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 6
ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now
su:S016:once:/sbin/sulogin
1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty1 9600
2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty2 9600
3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty3 9600
4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty4 9600
5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty5 9600
6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty6 9600
# End /etc/inittab</tt>
EOF</kbd></pre>
<p>
选项 <em class="parameter"><tt>-I '\033(K'</tt></em> 告诉
<span><strong class="command">agetty</strong></span> 在做任何动作前，发送退出序列到终端。这个退出序列控制字符控制台设定到一个用户指定的环境，可以通过运行
<span><strong class="command">setfont</strong></span> 程序来修改
<span><strong class="command">console</strong></span> 初始化脚本在系统引导时，在 LFS-Bootscripts 中调入 <span><strong class="command">setfont</strong></span> 程序。对于那些使用非 ISO 8859-1 屏幕字体的用户来说，发送退出序列是必须的，但不会影响到母语是英语的用户。</p>
</div>
<div class="content" lang="zh_cn" xml:lang="zh_cn">
<div class="titlepage">
<a id="contents-sysvinit" name="contents-sysvinit"></a>
<h2 class="sect2">
6.56.3. Sysvinit 的内容 </h2>
</div>
<div class="segmentedlist">
<div class="seglistitem">
<div class="seg">
<strong><span class="segtitle">安装的程序：</span></strong> <span class="seg">halt, init, killall5, last, lastb(链接到 last), mesg, pidof(链接到 killall5), poweroff(链接到 halt), reboot(链接到 halt), runlevel, shutdown, sulogin, telinit(链接到 init), utmpdump, wall</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="variablelist">
<h3>
<a id="id3336057" name="id3336057"></a>简要描述</h3>
<table border="0">
<col align="left" valign="top" />
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="halt" name="halt"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">halt</strong></span></span>
</td>
<td>
<p>
正常情况下等效于 <span><strong class="command">shutdown</strong></span> 加上 <em class="parameter"><tt>-h</tt></em> 参数。但当系统运行级别是0时除外，它将告诉内核去中止系统，系统正在关闭时，它记录日志到 <tt class="filename">/var/log/wtmp</tt> 文件里。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="init" name="init"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">init</strong></span></span>
</td>
<td>
<p>当内核已经初始化硬件，接管引导程序，开启指令线程时，init会第一个被开启。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="killall5" name="killall5"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">killall5</strong></span></span>
</td>
<td>
<p>发送一个信号到所有线程，但那些在它自己设定级别的线程将不会被这个运行的脚本所中断。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="last" name="last"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">last</strong></span></span>
</td>
<td>
<p>
给出哪一个用户最后一次登录(或退出登录)，它搜索 <tt class="filename">/var/log/wtmp</tt>
文件，出给出系统引导，关闭，运行级别改变等信息。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="lastb" name="lastb"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">lastb</strong></span></span>
</td>
<td>
<p>
给出登失败的尝试，并写入日志 <tt class="filename">/var/log/btmp</tt> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="mesg" name="mesg"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">mesg</strong></span></span>
</td>
<td>
<p>控制是否允许其他用户也有向系统所有用户发送信息的权限。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="mountpoint" name="mountpoint"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">mountpoint</strong></span></span>
</td>
<td>
<p>
检查给定的目录是否是一个挂载点。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="pidof" name="pidof"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">pidof</strong></span></span>
</td>
<td>
<p>报告给定程序的PID号。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="poweroff" name="poweroff"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">poweroff</strong></span></span>
</td>
<td>
<p>
告诉内核中止系统并且关闭系统(参见<span><strong class="command">halt</strong></span>) </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="reboot" name="reboot"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">reboot</strong></span></span>
</td>
<td>
<p>
告诉内核重启系统(参见
<span><strong class="command">halt</strong></span>) </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="runlevel" name="runlevel"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">runlevel</strong></span></span>
</td>
<td>
<p>
报告前一个和当前的系统运行级别，并且将最后一些运行级别写入 <tt class="filename">/var/run/utmp</tt> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="shutdown" name="shutdown"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">shutdown</strong></span></span>
</td>
<td>
<p>使系统安全关闭，向所有线程发送关闭信号并且通知所有已经登录的系统用户系统即将关闭。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="sulogin" name="sulogin"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">sulogin</strong></span></span>
</td>
<td>
<p>
允许 <span class="emphasis"><em>root</em></span>登录，它通常情况下是在系统在单用户模式下运行时，由 <span><strong class="command">init</strong></span> 所派生。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="telinit" name="telinit"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">telinit</strong></span></span>
</td>
<td>
<p>
告诉 <span><strong class="command">init</strong></span>
将切换到那一个运行级。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="utmpdump" name="utmpdump"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">utmpdump</strong></span></span>
</td>
<td>
<p>以一个多用户友好的方式列出已经给出的登录文件的目录。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a id="wall" name="wall"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">wall</strong></span></span>
</td>
<td>
<p>向所有已经登录的用户写入一个信息。</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
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