📄 glossary.html
字号:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><!-- http://linux-ntfs.sourceforge.net/ntfs/help/glossary.html --><html lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"> <meta name="description" content="NTFS Documentation"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style/ntfsdoc.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style/glossary.css"> <link rel="start" type="text/html" href="../index.html" title="NTFS Documentation"> <title>Glossary - NTFS Documentation</title> </head> <body> <table border="0" class="toolbar" summary="" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td class="toolbar"><a accesskey="1" class="toolbar" href="../index.html">Home</a> <td class="toolbar"> </td> <td class="toolbar"><a accesskey="2" class="toolbar" href="../files/index.html">Files</a></td> <td class="toolbar"> </td> <td class="toolbar"><a accesskey="3" class="toolbar" href="../attributes/index.html">Attributes</a></td> <td class="toolbar"> </td> <td class="toolbar"><a accesskey="4" class="toolbar" href="../concepts/index.html">Concepts</a></td> <td class="toolbar"> </td> <td class="toolbar"><a accesskey="5" class="toolbar" href="../help/glossary.html">Glossary</a></td> <td class="toolbar"> </td> <td class="toolbar"><a accesskey="6" class="toolbar" href="../help/index.html">Help</a></td> </tr> </table> <h1>NTFS - Glossary</h1> <h2>Overview</h2> <big> <a href="#a" accesskey="a">A</a> <a href="#b" accesskey="b">B</a> <a href="#c" accesskey="c">C</a> <a href="#d" accesskey="d">D</a> <a href="#e" accesskey="e">E</a> <a href="#f" accesskey="f">F</a> <a href="#g" accesskey="g">G</a> <a href="#h" accesskey="h">H</a> <a href="#i" accesskey="i">I</a> <a href="#j" accesskey="j">J</a> <a href="#k" accesskey="k">K</a> <a href="#l" accesskey="l">L</a> <a href="#m" accesskey="m">M</a> <a href="#n" accesskey="n">N</a> <a href="#o" accesskey="o">O</a> <a href="#p" accesskey="p">P</a> <a href="#q" accesskey="q">Q</a> <a href="#r" accesskey="r">R</a> <a href="#s" accesskey="s">S</a> <a href="#t" accesskey="t">T</a> <a href="#u" accesskey="u">U</a> <a href="#v" accesskey="v">V</a> <a href="#w" accesskey="w">W</a> <a href="#x" accesskey="x">X</a> <a href="#y" accesskey="y">Y</a> <a href="#z" accesskey="z">Z</a> </big> <p> This is a glossary of all terms. Some entries refer to other entries, e.g. <q>See also</q>. Some entries have an entire page of their own, e.g. <q>More...</q> If your browser supports access keys, then you can jump around this document by using, for example, Alt-M for the M section. </p> <dl> <dd><a name="a"></a></dd> <dt>. <a href="#dot">(See Dot, Root Directory)</a></dt> <dd><a name="ace"></a></dd> <dt>Access Control Entry (ACE)</dt> <dd> An Access Control Entry is the smallest unit of security. It contains a SID (either a user or a group) and permissions information. The permission will be one of <q>Access Allowed</q>, <q>Access Denied</q> or <q>System Audit</q>. This object has flags to determine how the permissions should be inherited. <br>See also: <a href="#sid">SID</a>, <a href="#acl">ACL</a> and <a href="#audit">Auditing</a> </dd> <dd><a name="acl"></a></dd> <dt>Access Control List (ACL)</dt> <dd> This security structure contains a list of ACEs. <br>See also: <a href="#security_descriptor">$SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR</a>, <a href="#sid">SID</a>, <a href="#acl">ACL</a> and <a href="#audit">Auditing</a> </dd> <dt>ACE <a href="#ace">(See Access Control Entry)</a></dt> <dt>ACL <a href="#acl">(See Access Control List)</a></dt> <dd><a name="attrdef"></a></dd> <dt>$AttrDef <a href="../files/attrdef.html">(More...) </a></dt> <dd> This <a href="#metadata">metadata</a> file contains the definitions of all the <a href="#attribute">attributes</a> that are allowed on an NTFS <a href="#volume">volume</a>. </dd> <dd><a name="attribute"></a></dd> <dt>Attribute</dt> <dd> on disk a file is stored as a set of attributes resident / non res </dd> <dd><a name="attribute_list"></a></dd> <dt>$ATTRIBUTE_LIST <a href="../attributes/attribute_list.html">(More...) </a></dt> <dd> This <a href="#attribute">attribute</a> is used when a file's attributes won't fit in a single MFT File Record. It has a list of all the attributes and where they can be found. The $ATTRIBUTE_LIST is always stored in the Base FILE Record. <br>See also: <a href="#file_record">File Record</a> <a href="#mft">$MFT</a> <a href="#base_file_record">Base FILE Record</a> </dd> <dd><a name="audit"></a></dd> <dt>Audit, Auditing</dt> <dd> As part of the security permissions of a file, any actions performed on the file can be recorded. For example a file could be required to log all the people who tried to read it, but didn't have the permissions to do so. </dd> </dl> <hr> <dl> <dd><a name="b"></a></dd> <dd><a name="b+_tree"></a></dd> <dt>B+ Tree</dt> <dd> A B+ tree is a variant of the binary tree. Instead of one data element per node, there are many. (In NTFS the actual number depends on the lengths of the names and the cluster size). The B+ tree retains the efficiency of a binary tree and also performs well with large numbers of data elements (because the tree tends to grow wide rather than deep). <br>See also: <a href="#binary_tree">Binary Tree</a> and <a href="#balanced_tree">Balanced Tree</a>. </dd> <dd><a name="baad"></a></dd> <dt>BAAD</dt> <dd> During chkdsk, if NTFS finds a multi-sector item (MFT, INDEX BLOCK, etc) where the multi-sector header doesn't match the values at the end of the sector, it marks the item with the magic number 'BAAD', and fill it with zeroes (except for a short at the end of each sector...) <pre> FIXME "BAAD" == corrupt record "CHKD" == chkdsk ??? "FILE" == mft entry "HOLE" == ??? (NTFS 3.0+?) "INDX" == index buffer RSTR & ??? </pre> <br>See also: <a href="#chkdsk">chkdsk</a> and <a href="#fsck">fsck</a>. </dd> <dd><a name="bad"></a></dd> <dt>$Bad</dt> <dd> This is the named Data Stream representing bad clusters on a volume. <br>See also: <a href="#badclus">$BadClus</a>. </dd> <dd><a name="badclus"></a></dd> <dt>$BadClus <a href="../files/badclus.html">(More...) </a></dt> <dd> This <a href="#metadata">metadata</a> file lists all the unreadable <a href="#cluster">clusters</a> on the <a href="#volume">volume</a>. </dd> <dd><a name="balanced_tree"></a></dd> <dt>Balanced Tree</dt> <dd> Often binary trees can become very uneven. By reorganising the data, the tree can be balanced such that no a node has similar numbers of children to it's left and right. <br>See also: <a href="#b+_tree">B+ Tree</a> and <a href="#binary_tree">Binary Tree</a>. </dd> <dd><a name="base_file_record"></a></dd> <dt>Base FILE Record</dt> <dd> If the attributes don't fit into a single MFT record then the Base FILE Record holds enough information to locate the other records. <br>See also: <a href="#attribute_list">$ATTRIBUTE_LIST</a>, <a href="#file_record">FILE Record</a> and <a href="#mft">$MFT</a>. </dd> <dd><a name="binary"></a></dd> <dt>Binary</dt> <dd> Maths carried out in base two. In this documentation, certain flags fields are represented in binary, for the sake of clarity. e.g. 00001000<sub>2</sub>, 010000000<sub>2</sub>. <br>See also: <a href="#decimal">Decimal</a>, <a href="#hex">Hex</a> and <a href="#units">Units</a>. </dd> <dd><a name="binary_tree"></a></dd> <dt>Binary Tree</dt> <dd> This is an efficient way of storing sorted data in order. Each node in the tree represents a data element. The left child node is a collection of all the elements that come before it. The right child node is a collection of all the elements that come after it. <br>See also: <a href="#b+_tree">B+ Tree</a> and <a href="#balanced_tree">Balanced Tree</a>. </dd> <dd><a name="bit"></a></dd> <dt>Bit</dt> <dd> One binary digit, one or zero. <br>See also: <a href="#units">Units</a>, </dd> <dt>$Bitmap <a href="../files/bitmap.html">(More...) </a></dt> <dd> This <a href="#metadata">metadata</a> file keeps track of which <a href="#cluster">clusters</a> are in use on the <a href="#volume">volume</a>. </dd> <dt>$BITMAP <a href="../attributes/bitmap.html">(More...) </a></dt> <dd> This <a href="#attribute">attribute</a> keeps track of which <a href="#record">records</a> are in use in an index. </dd> <dd><a name="block"></a></dd> <dt>Block</dt> <dd> In Linux terminology, this is a cluster. Block device In Linux terminology, this is a storage unit. Cluster The minimum allocation unit. Clusters are a fixed power of 2 of the sector size (called the cluster factor), and their size can be between 512 bytes and 4 KB (Sometimes 64 KB, but 4 KB is the largest cluster size that the current NTFS compression engine can operate with. That limit may be related to the 4 KB page size used on the Intel i386 CPU). This size can be set with the Windows NT format utility, whose default is: Volume size Cluster size 1 to 512 MB Sector size 512 MB to 1 GB 1 KB 1 GB to 2 GB 2 KB more than 2 GB 4 KB </dd> <dd><a name="boot"></a></dd> <dt>$Boot <a href="../files/boot.html">(More...) </a></dt> <dd> This <a href="#metadata">metadata</a> file points at the boot sector of the <a href="#volume">volume</a>. It contains information about the size of the <a href="#volume">volume</a>, <a href="#cluster">clusters</a> and the <a href="#mft">MFT</a>. </dd> <dd><a name="byte"></a></dd> <dt>Byte <a href="#units">(See Units)</a></dt> </dl> <hr> <dl> <dd><a name="c"></a></dd> <dd><a name="chkdsk"></a></dd> <dt>chkdsk</dt> <dd> This is a DOS and Windows utility to check and repair filesystems. Its name is an abbreviation of check disk. <br>See also: <a href="#fsck">fsck</a>. </dd> <dd><a name="cluster"></a></dd> <dt>Cluster</dt> <dd> This is the smallest unit of disk that NTFS uses and it is a multiple of the sector size. It is determined when the volume is formatted and cannot be altered afterwards. <br>See also: <a href="#sector">Sector</a>, <a href="#boot">$Boot</a> and <a href="#volume">Volume</a>. </dd> <dd><a name="compression"></a></dd> <dt>Compression</dt> <dd> NTFS supports file- and directory-level compression. The compression is performed transparently when the file is read or written. Any new files in a compressed directory will automatically be compressed. <br>See also: <a href="#compression_unit">Compression Unit</a> </dd> <dd><a name="compression_unit"></a></dd> <dt>Compression Unit</dt> <dd> Each file marked to be compressed is divided into sixteen cluster blocks, known as compression units. If one of these blocks cannot be compressed into fifteen clusters or less it is left uncompressed. This division also helps accessing a file randomly, ie it isn't necessary to decompress the whole file. <br>See also: <a href="#cluster"></a> <a href="#compression"></a> </dd> </dl> <hr> <dl> <dd><a name="d"></a></dd> <dd><a name="data"></a></dd> <dt>$DATA <a href="../attributes/data.html">(More...) </a></dt> <dd> This <a href="#attribute">attribute</a> contains the actual data for a file. This <a href="#stream">stream</a> may also have a name. </dd> <dd><a name="data_runs"></a></dd> <dt>Data Runs <a href="../concepts/data_runs.html">(More...) </a></dt> <dd> Non-resident attributes are stored in intervals of clusters called runs. Each run is represented by its starting cluster and its length. The runs map the VCNs of a file to the LCNs of a volume. <br>See also: <a href="#attribute">Attribute</a>, <a href="#cluster">Cluster</a>, <a href="#lcn">LCN</a>, <a href="#vcn">VCN</a> and <a href="#volume">Volume</a>. </dd> <dd><a name="decimal"></a></dd> <dt>Decimal</dt> <dd> Maths carried out in base ten. In this documentation, numbers that are neither in <a href="#hex">hex</a>, nor <a href="#binary">binary</a>, are in decimal, e.g. 16 (sixteen), 23 (twenty-three). <br>See also: <a href="#binary">Binary</a>, <a href="#hex">Hex</a> and <a href="#units">Units</a>. </dd> <dd><a name="directory"></a></dd> <dt>Directory <a href="../concepts/directory.html">(More...) </a></dt> <dd> An NTFS directory is an index attribute. NTFS uses index attributes to collate file names. A directory entry contains the name of the file and a copy of the file's standard information attribute (time stamp information). This approach provides a performance boost for directory browsing because NTFS does not need to read the files' MFT records to print directory information. </dd>⌨️ 快捷键说明
复制代码
Ctrl + C
搜索代码
Ctrl + F
全屏模式
F11
切换主题
Ctrl + Shift + D
显示快捷键
?
增大字号
Ctrl + =
减小字号
Ctrl + -