ruleimpl.java

Mandarax是一个规则引擎的纯Java实现。它支持多类型的事实和基于反映的规则

package org.mandarax.reference;

/*
 * Copyright (C) 1999-2004 <A href="http://www-ist.massey.ac.nz/JBDietrich" target="_top">Jens Dietrich</a>
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 */
import java.util.*;

import org.apache.commons.collections.iterators.IteratorChain;
import org.mandarax.kernel.*;
import org.mandarax.util.SingleClauseSetIterator;

/**
 * Reference implementation for rules.
 * @author <A href="http://www-ist.massey.ac.nz/JBDietrich" target="_top">Jens Dietrich</A>
 * @version 3.4 <7 March 05>
 * @since 1.1
 * Prova re-integration modifications
 * @author <A HREF="mailto:[e-mail]">Alex Kozlenkov</A>
 * @version 3.4 <7 March 05>
 */
public class RuleImpl extends AbstractClause implements Rule, ClauseSetChangeListener {

	private Fact head = null;
	private List posLiterals =  null;
	private List body = new ArrayList();
	private static String IF = "IF";
	private static String THEN = "THEN";
	private static String AND = "AND";
	private static String OR = "OR";
	private boolean	prerequisitesConnectedByOr = false;
	private boolean        isBound;

    /** Cache the string representation for optimized debugging. */
    private transient String cachedToString = null;

	/**
	 * Constructor.
	 */
	public RuleImpl() {
		super ();
	}

	/**
	 * Constructor. Pass a head and a body.
	 * @param c a list of facts that is going to be the body of the rule
	 * @param h a fact that is going to be the head of the rule
	 */
	RuleImpl(java.util.List c, Fact h) {
		super ();
		setBody (c);
		setHead (h);
	}
	/**
	 * Constructor. Pass a head and a body.
	 * @param c a list of facts that is going to be the body of the rule
	 * @param h a fact that is going to be the head of the rule
	 * @param or if true the <strong>premisses</strong> are connected by OR, otherwise by AND
	 */
	RuleImpl(java.util.List c, Fact h, boolean or) {
		super ();
		setBody (c);
		setHead (h);
		prerequisitesConnectedByOr = or;
	}
	/**
	 * Constructor. Pass a single prerequisite and a conclusion.
	 * @param p a prerequisite
	 * @param h a fact that is going to be the head of the rule
	 * @deprecated use prerequisite instead of fact
	 */
	private RuleImpl(Fact p, Fact h) {
		super ();
		body.add (p);
		setHead (h);
	}
	/**
	 * Constructor. Pass a single prerequisite and a conclusion.
	 * @param p a prerequisite
	 * @param h a fact that is going to be the head of the rule
	 */
	private RuleImpl(Prerequisite p, Fact h) {
		super ();
		body.add (p);
		setHead (h);
	}
	/**
	 * Add a fact to the body.
	 * @param f a fact
	 * @deprecated - rules use now prerequisites instead of facts in the body
	 */
	public void addToBody(Fact f) {
		cachedToString = null;
		body.add (f);
	}
	/**
	 * Apply a set of replacements to a clause. Returns a new clause!
	 * @return the rule (clause) resulting from the application of the replacements
	 * @param r a collection of replacements
	 */
	public Clause apply(java.util.Collection r) {
		return applyToRule (r);
	}
	/**
	 * Apply a single replacement to a fact. Returns a new clause!
	 * @return the rule (clause) resulting from the application of the replacemen
	 * @param r the replacement
	 */
	public Clause apply(Replacement r) {
		return applyToRule (r);
	}
	/**
	 * Apply a set of substitutions.
	 * @return the rule that is the result of applying the replacements
	 * @param r a collection of replacements
	 */
	public Rule applyToRule(java.util.Collection r) {
		cachedToString = null;
		Vector newBody = new Vector (getBody ().size ());

		for(Iterator it = getBody ().iterator (); it.hasNext (); ) {
			newBody.add (((Fact) it.next ()).apply (r));
		}

		Rule rule = new RuleImpl (newBody, (Fact) getHead ().apply (r));
		rule.setBodyOrConnected(isBodyOrConnected());
		return rule;
	}
	/**
	 * Apply a replacement to a rule.
	 * @return the rule that is the result of applying the replacement
	 * @param r a replacement
	 */
	public Rule applyToRule(Replacement r) {
		cachedToString = null;
		RuleImpl rule =
			new RuleImpl (new java.util.Vector (getBody ().size ()),
						  getHead ().applyToFact (r));

		for(Iterator it = getBody ().iterator (); it.hasNext (); ) {
			rule.getBody ().add (((Fact) it.next ()).applyToFact (r));
		}

		rule.setBodyOrConnected(isBodyOrConnected());
		return rule;
	}

	/**
	 * Whether the head contains variables
	 * @return boolean
	 */
	public boolean isBound() {
		return isBound;
	}

	/**
	 * Get a clause iterator.
	 * @return a clause iterator
	 */
	public org.mandarax.util.ClauseIterator clauses() {
		if(prerequisitesConnectedByOr) {
			ArrayList rules = new ArrayList (body.size ());
			RuleImpl  rule  = null;

			for(Iterator it = body.iterator (); it.hasNext (); ) {
				rule           = new RuleImpl ((Fact) it.next (), head);
				rule.container = this;

				rules.add (rule);
			}

			return new SingleClauseSetIterator (rules);
		} else {
			return new org.mandarax.util.SingleClauseIterator (this);
		}
	}
	/**
	 * Handle a clause set change event.
	 * @param e an event
	 */
	public void clauseSetChanged(ClauseSetChangeEvent e) {

		// forward key changed events coming from the head
		if((e.getType () == ClauseSetChangeEvent.KEY_CHANGED) && (e.getSource () == head)) {
			fireClauseSetChangeEvent (new ClauseSetChangeEvent (this,
					e.getOldValue (), e.getNewValue (), ClauseSetChangeEvent.KEY_CHANGED));
		}
	}
	/**
	 * Check whether objects are equal.
	 * @param obj the object to compare this object with
	 * @return true if the objects are equal, false otherwise
	 */
	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
		if((obj != null) && (obj instanceof RuleImpl)) {
			RuleImpl r      = (RuleImpl) obj;
			boolean  result = this.isBodyOrConnected()==r.isBodyOrConnected();
			result = result && ((head == null)
							  ? r.head == null
							  : head.equals (r.head));

			if(result) {
				if(body == null) {
					result = r.body == null;
				} else {
					if(body.size () != r.body.size ()) {
						return false;
					} else {
						for(int i = 0; i < body.size (); i++) {
							result = result
									 && body.get (i).equals (r.body.get (i));

							if( !result) {
								return false;
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}

			return result;
		}

		return false;
	}
	/**
	 * Get the body of the rule.
	 * @return the body (a list of facts)
	 */
	public java.util.List getBody() {
		return body;
	}
	/**
	 * Get the head fact.
	 * @return the hhead of the rule
	 */
	public Fact getHead() {
		return head;
	}
	/**
	 * Get a key for fast access.
	 * @see org.mandarax.kernel.Fact
	 * @return the key object
	 */
	public Object getKey() {
		return getHead ().getPredicate ();
	}
	/**
	 * Get the negative literals.
	 * @return the body of the rule
	 */
	public java.util.List getNegativeLiterals() {
		return body;
	}
	/**
	 * Get the positive literals.
	 * @return a list containing only the head of the rule
	 */
	public synchronized java.util.List getPositiveLiterals() {
		if(posLiterals == null) {
			posLiterals = new ArrayList (1);
			posLiterals.add (head);
		}

		return posLiterals;
	}
	/**
	 * Get the hashcode of the object.
	 * @return a hash code
	 */
	public int hashCode() {
		return(head == null)
			  ? 0
			  : head.hashCode ();
	}
	/**
	 * Indicates whether the clause is atomic.
	 * @return a boolean
	 */
	public boolean isAtomic() {
		return !prerequisitesConnectedByOr;
	}
	/**
	 * Indicates whether the premisses in the body are connected by OR.
	 * @return a boolean
	 */
	public boolean isBodyOrConnected() {
		return prerequisitesConnectedByOr;
	}
	/**
	 * Indicates whether the clause is the empty clause.
	 * @return true if head and body are empty, false otherwise
	 */
	public boolean isEmpty() {
		return getPositiveLiterals ().isEmpty () && getNegativeLiterals ().isEmpty ();
	}
	/**
	 * Indicates whether the object (usually a term or a clause set) can be performed
	 * using the java semantics.
	 * @return a boolean
	 */
	public boolean isExecutable() {
		return body.isEmpty () && head.isExecutable ();
	}
	/**
	 * Remove a fact from the body.
	 * @return boolean - indicates whether the element has been found or not
	 * @param f a fact
	 * @deprecated - rules use now prerequisites instead of facts in the body
	 */
	public boolean removeFromBody(Fact f) {
		cachedToString = null;
		return body.remove (f);
	}
	/**
	 * Indicate whether two facts share the same key.
	 * @return true if both facts have the same key
	 * @param f1 the first fact
	 * @param f2 the second fact
	 */
	private boolean sameKey(Fact f1, Fact f2) {
		Predicate p1 = (f1 == null)
					   ? null
					   : f1.getPredicate ();
		Predicate p2 = (f2 == null)
					   ? null
					   : f2.getPredicate ();

		return(p1 == null)
			  ? p2 == null
			  : (p1.equals (p2));
	}
	/**
	 * Set the body.
	 * @param b the new body
	 */
	public void setBody(java.util.List b) {
		cachedToString = null;
		body = b;
	}
	/**
	 * Set a new value. A value true means that the prerequisistes are connected by OR,
	 * a value false means that the prerequistes are connected by AND.
	 * @param value a boolean
	 */
	public void setBodyOrConnected(boolean value) {
		cachedToString = null;
		if (prerequisitesConnectedByOr != value) {
			boolean oldValue = prerequisitesConnectedByOr;
			prerequisitesConnectedByOr = value;
			fireClauseSetChangeEvent (new ClauseSetChangeEvent (this,Boolean.valueOf(oldValue),Boolean.valueOf(value),ClauseSetChangeEvent.OTHER));
		}
	}
	/**
	 * Set the head. Note that we fire an event because changing the head
	 * could imply changing the key and containers (knowledge bases) need to be notified
	 * about this.
	 * Prova: add isBound processing
	 * @param f the new head
	 */
	public void setHead(Fact f) {
		cachedToString = null;
		Fact oldHead = head;

		if(oldHead != null) {
			oldHead.removeClauseSetChangeListener (this);
		}

		head = f;
		isBound = head.isBound();

		// add this as clause set change listener in order to
		// forward key change events

		if(f != null) {
			f.addClauseSetChangeListener (this);
		}

		// the key has changed
		if( !sameKey (oldHead, f)) {
			fireClauseSetChangeEvent (new ClauseSetChangeEvent (this,
					(oldHead == null)? null : oldHead.getKey(),
					(f == null)? null : f.getKey (),
					ClauseSetChangeEvent.KEY_CHANGED)
			);
		}

	}

	/**
	 * Convert the receiver to a string.
	 * @return the string representation of this object
	 */
	public String toString() {
		if (cachedToString == null) {
			StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer ();
			buf.append (IF);
			buf.append (" ");
			boolean first = true;
			for(Iterator it = getBody ().iterator (); it.hasNext (); ) {
				if(first) {
					first = false;
				} else {
					buf.append (" ");
					buf.append (prerequisitesConnectedByOr
								? OR
								: AND);
					buf.append (" ");
				}
				buf.append (it.next ().toString ());
			}
			buf.append (" ");
			buf.append (THEN);
			buf.append (" ");
			buf.append (getHead ().toString ());
			cachedToString = new String (buf);
		}
		return cachedToString;
	}

	/**
	 * Get an iterator iterating over the predicates contained in this clause set.
	 * @return an iterator
	 */
	public Iterator predicates() {
		List chain = new ArrayList();
		chain.add(head.predicates());
		for (int i=0;i<body.size();i++) {
			chain.add(((ClauseSet)body.get(i)).predicates());
		}
		return new IteratorChain(chain);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Indicates whether the clause is ground (= does not have variables). 
	 * @return a boolean
	 */
	public boolean isGround() {
		if (!head.isGround()) return false;
		if (this.body!=null) {
			for (int i=0;i<this.body.size();i++) {
				if (!((Clause)this.body.get(i)).isGround()) return false;
			}			
		}
		return true;
	}
}