l.s

这是一个同样来自贝尔实验室的和UNIX有着渊源的操作系统, 其简洁的设计和实现易于我们学习和理解

#include "mem.h"

#define OP16	BYTE	$0x66
#define NOP	XCHGL	AX,AX
#define CPUID	BYTE $0x0F; BYTE $0xA2	/* CPUID, argument in AX */
#define WRMSR	BYTE $0x0F; BYTE $0x30	/* WRMSR, argument in AX/DX (lo/hi) */
#define RDMSR	BYTE $0x0F; BYTE $0x32	/* RDMSR, result in AX/DX (lo/hi) */
#define RDTSC 	BYTE $0x0F; BYTE $0x31

TEXT	origin(SB),$0

	CLI

	/*
	 * Clear BSS
	 */
	LEAL	edata-KZERO(SB),SI
	MOVL	SI,DI
	ADDL	$4,DI
	MOVL	$0,AX
	MOVL	AX,(SI)
	LEAL	end-KZERO(SB),CX
	SUBL	DI,CX
	SHRL	$2,CX
	CLD; REP; MOVSL

	/*
	 *  make a bottom level page table page that maps the first
	 *  16 meg of physical memory
	 */
	LEAL	tpt-KZERO(SB),AX	/* get phys addr of temporary page table */
	ADDL	$(BY2PG-1),AX		/* must be page alligned */
	ANDL	$(~(BY2PG-1)),AX	/* ... */
	MOVL	$(1024),CX		/* pte's per page */
	MOVL	$((((1024)-1)<<PGSHIFT)|PTEVALID|PTEKERNEL|PTEWRITE),BX
setpte:
	MOVL	BX,-4(AX)(CX*4)
	SUBL	$(1<<PGSHIFT),BX
	LOOP	setpte

	/*
	 *  make a top level page table page that maps the first
	 *  16 meg of memory to 0 thru 16meg and to KZERO thru KZERO+16meg
	 */
	MOVL	AX,BX
	ADDL	$(BY2PG),AX
	ADDL	$(PTEVALID|PTEKERNEL|PTEWRITE),BX
	MOVL	BX,0(AX)
	MOVL	BX,((((KZERO>>1)&0x7FFFFFFF)>>(2*PGSHIFT-1-4))+0)(AX)

	/*
	 *  point processor to top level page & turn on paging & make
	 *  supervisor obey the R/W bit in the page map
	 */
	MOVL	AX,CR3
	MOVL	CR0,AX
	ORL	$0X80010000,AX
	ANDL	$~(0x40000000|0x20000000|0x8|0x2),AX	/* CD=0, NW=0, TS=0, MP=0 */
	MOVL	AX,CR0

	/*
	 *  use a jump to an absolute location to get the PC into
	 *  KZERO.
	 */
	LEAL	tokzero(SB),AX
	JMP*	AX

TEXT	tokzero(SB),$0

	/*
	 *  stack and mach
	 */
	MOVL	$mach0(SB),SP
	MOVL	SP,m(SB)
	MOVL	$0,0(SP)
	ADDL	$(MACHSIZE-4),SP	/* start stack under machine struct */
	MOVL	$0, u(SB)

	/*
	 *  clear flags
	 */
	MOVL	$0,AX
	PUSHL	AX
	POPFL

	CALL	main(SB)

loop:
	JMP	loop

GLOBL	mach0+0(SB), $MACHSIZE
GLOBL	u(SB), $4
GLOBL	m(SB), $4
GLOBL	tpt(SB), $(BY2PG*3)

/*
 *  gdt to get us to 32-bit/segmented/unpaged mode
 */
TEXT	tgdt(SB),$0

	/* null descriptor */
	LONG	$0
	LONG	$0

	/* data segment descriptor for 4 gigabytes (PL 0) */
	LONG	$(0xFFFF)
	LONG	$(SEGG|SEGB|(0xF<<16)|SEGP|SEGPL(0)|SEGDATA|SEGW)

	/* exec segment descriptor for 4 gigabytes (PL 0) */
	LONG	$(0xFFFF)
	LONG	$(SEGG|SEGD|(0xF<<16)|SEGP|SEGPL(0)|SEGEXEC|SEGR)

/*
 *  pointer to initial gdt
 */
TEXT	tgdtptr(SB),$0

	WORD	$(3*8)
	LONG	$tgdt-KZERO(SB)

/*
 *  input a byte
 */
TEXT	inb(SB),$0

	MOVL	p+0(FP),DX
	XORL	AX,AX
	INB
	RET

/*
 *  input a string of bytes from a port
 */
TEXT	insb(SB),$0

	MOVL	p+0(FP),DX
	MOVL	a+4(FP),DI
	MOVL	c+8(FP),CX
	CLD; REP; INSB
	RET

/*
 *  output a byte
 */
TEXT	outb(SB),$0

	MOVL	p+0(FP),DX
	MOVL	b+4(FP),AX
	OUTB
	RET

/*
 *  output a string of bytes to a port
 */
TEXT	outsb(SB),$0

	MOVL	p+0(FP),DX
	MOVL	a+4(FP),SI
	MOVL	c+8(FP),CX
	CLD; REP; OUTSB
	RET

/*
 * input a short from a port
 */
TEXT	ins(SB), $0

	MOVL	p+0(FP), DX
	XORL	AX, AX
	OP16; INL
	RET

/*
 *  input a string of shorts from a port
 */
TEXT	inss(SB),$0

	MOVL	p+0(FP),DX
	MOVL	a+4(FP),DI
	MOVL	c+8(FP),CX
	CLD; REP; OP16; INSL
	RET

/*
 * input a long from a port
 */
TEXT	inl(SB), $0

	MOVL	p+0(FP), DX
	XORL	AX, AX
	INL
	RET

/*
 *  input a string of longs from a port
 */
TEXT	insl(SB),$0

	MOVL	p+0(FP),DX
	MOVL	a+4(FP),DI
	MOVL	c+8(FP),CX
	CLD; REP; INSL
	RET

/*
 * output a short to a port
 */
TEXT	outs(SB), $0
	MOVL	p+0(FP), DX
	MOVL	s+4(FP), AX
	OP16; OUTL
	RET

/*
 *  output a string of shorts to a port
 */
TEXT	outss(SB),$0

	MOVL	p+0(FP),DX
	MOVL	a+4(FP),SI
	MOVL	c+8(FP),CX
	CLD; REP; OP16; OUTSL
	RET

/*
 * output a long to a port
 */
TEXT	outl(SB), $0
	MOVL	p+0(FP), DX
	MOVL	s+4(FP), AX
	OUTL
	RET

/*
 *  output a string of longs to a port
 */
TEXT	outsl(SB),$0

	MOVL	p+0(FP),DX
	MOVL	a+4(FP),SI
	MOVL	c+8(FP),CX
	CLD; REP; OUTSL
	RET

/*
 *  test and set
 */
TEXT	tas(SB),$0
	MOVL	$0xdeadead,AX
	MOVL	l+0(FP),BX
	XCHGL	AX,(BX)
	RET

TEXT wbflush(SB), $0
	XORL	AX, AX
	CPUID
	RET

/*
 *  routines to load/read various system registers
 */
GLOBL	idtptr(SB),$6
TEXT	putidt(SB),$0		/* interrupt descriptor table */
	MOVL	t+0(FP),AX
	MOVL	AX,idtptr+2(SB)
	MOVL	l+4(FP),AX
	MOVW	AX,idtptr(SB)
	MOVL	idtptr(SB),IDTR
	RET

GLOBL	gdtptr(SB),$6
TEXT	putgdt(SB),$0		/* global descriptor table */
	MOVL	t+0(FP),AX
	MOVL	AX,gdtptr+2(SB)
	MOVL	l+4(FP),AX
	MOVW	AX,gdtptr(SB)
	MOVL	gdtptr(SB),GDTR
	RET

TEXT	putcr3(SB),$0		/* top level page table pointer */
	MOVL	t+0(FP),AX
	MOVL	AX,CR3
	RET

TEXT	getcr4(SB), $0				/* CR4 - extensions */
	MOVL	CR4, AX
	RET

TEXT	putcr4(SB), $0
	MOVL	cr4+0(FP), AX
	MOVL	AX, CR4
	RET

TEXT	puttr(SB),$0		/* task register */
	MOVL	t+0(FP),AX
	MOVW	AX,TASK
	RET

TEXT	getcr0(SB),$0		/* coprocessor bits */
	MOVL	CR0,AX
	RET

TEXT	getcr2(SB),$0		/* fault address */
	MOVL	CR2,AX
	RET

#define	FPOFF\
	WAIT;\
	MOVL	CR0,AX;\
	ORL	$0x24,AX	/* EM=1, NE=1 */;\
	MOVL	AX,CR0

#define	FPON\
	MOVL	CR0,AX;\
	ANDL	$~0x4,AX	/* EM=0 */;\
	MOVL	AX,CR0

TEXT	fpoff(SB),$0		/* turn off floating point */
	FPOFF
	RET

TEXT	fpinit(SB),$0		/* turn on & init the floating point */
	FPON
	FINIT
	WAIT
	PUSHW	$0x033E
	FLDCW	0(SP)		/* ignore underflow/precision, signal others */
	POPW	AX
	WAIT
	RET

TEXT	fpsave(SB),$0		/* save floating point state and turn off */
	MOVL	p+0(FP),AX
	WAIT
	FSAVE	0(AX)
	FPOFF
	RET

TEXT	fprestore(SB),$0	/* turn on floating point and restore regs */
	FPON
	MOVL	p+0(FP),AX
	FRSTOR	0(AX)
	WAIT
	RET

TEXT	fpstatus(SB),$0		/* get floating point status */
	FSTSW	AX
	RET

TEXT	fpenv(SB),$0		/* save floating point environment without waiting */
	MOVL	p+0(FP),AX
	FSTENV	0(AX)
	RET

/*
 *  special traps
 */
TEXT	intr0(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$0
	PUSHL	$0
	JMP	intrcommon
TEXT	intr1(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$0
	PUSHL	$1
	JMP	intrcommon
TEXT	intr2(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$0
	PUSHL	$2
	JMP	intrcommon
TEXT	intr3(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$0
	PUSHL	$3
	JMP	intrcommon
TEXT	intr4(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$0
	PUSHL	$4
	JMP	intrcommon
TEXT	intr5(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$0
	PUSHL	$5
	JMP	intrcommon
TEXT	intr6(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$0
	PUSHL	$6
	JMP	intrcommon
TEXT	intr7(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$0
	PUSHL	$7
	JMP	intrcommon
TEXT	intr8(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$8
	JMP	intrscommon
TEXT	intr9(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$0
	PUSHL	$9
	JMP	intrcommon
TEXT	intr10(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$10
	JMP	intrscommon
TEXT	intr11(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$11
	JMP	intrscommon
TEXT	intr12(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$12
	JMP	intrscommon
TEXT	intr13(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$13
	JMP	intrscommon
TEXT	intr14(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$14
	JMP	intrscommon
TEXT	intr15(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$0
	PUSHL	$15
	JMP	intrcommon
TEXT	intr16(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$0
	PUSHL	$16
	JMP	intrcommon
TEXT	intr24(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$0
	PUSHL	$24
	JMP	intrcommon
TEXT	intr25(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$0
	PUSHL	$25
	JMP	intrcommon
TEXT	intr26(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$0
	PUSHL	$26
	JMP	intrcommon
TEXT	intr27(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$0
	PUSHL	$27
	JMP	intrcommon
TEXT	intr28(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$0
	PUSHL	$28
	JMP	intrcommon
TEXT	intr29(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$0
	PUSHL	$29
	JMP	intrcommon
TEXT	intr30(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$0
	PUSHL	$30
	JMP	intrcommon
TEXT	intr31(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$0
	PUSHL	$31
	JMP	intrcommon
TEXT	intr32(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$0
	PUSHL	$32
	JMP	intrcommon
TEXT	intr33(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$0
	PUSHL	$33
	JMP	intrcommon
TEXT	intr34(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$0
	PUSHL	$34
	JMP	intrcommon
TEXT	intr35(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$0
	PUSHL	$35
	JMP	intrcommon
TEXT	intr36(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$0
	PUSHL	$36
	JMP	intrcommon
TEXT	intr37(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$0
	PUSHL	$37
	JMP	intrcommon
TEXT	intr38(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$0
	PUSHL	$38
	JMP	intrcommon
TEXT	intr39(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$0
	PUSHL	$39
	JMP	intrcommon
TEXT	intr64(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$0
	PUSHL	$64
	JMP	intrcommon
TEXT	intrbad(SB),$0
	PUSHL	$0
	PUSHL	$0x1ff
	JMP	intrcommon

intrcommon:
	PUSHL	DS
	PUSHL	ES
	PUSHL	FS
	PUSHL	GS
	PUSHAL
	MOVL	$(KDSEL),AX
	MOVW	AX,DS
	MOVW	AX,ES
	LEAL	0(SP),AX
	PUSHL	AX
	CALL	trap(SB)
	POPL	AX
	POPAL
	NOP
	POPL	GS
	POPL	FS
	POPL	ES
	POPL	DS
	NOP
	ADDL	$8,SP	/* error code and trap type */
	IRETL

intrscommon:
	PUSHL	DS
	PUSHL	ES
	PUSHL	FS
	PUSHL	GS
	PUSHAL
	MOVL	$(KDSEL),AX
	MOVW	AX,DS
	MOVW	AX,ES
	LEAL	0(SP),AX
	PUSHL	AX
	CALL	trap(SB)
	POPL	AX
	POPAL
	NOP
	POPL	GS
	POPL	FS
	POPL	ES
	POPL	DS
	NOP
	ADDL	$8,SP	/* error code and trap type */
	IRETL

/*
 *  interrupt level is interrupts on or off
 */
TEXT	spllo(SB),$0
	PUSHFL
	POPL	AX
	STI
	RET

TEXT	splhi(SB),$0
	PUSHFL
	POPL	AX
	CLI
	RET

TEXT	splx(SB),$0
	MOVL	s+0(FP),AX
	PUSHL	AX
	POPFL
	RET

TEXT	getstatus(SB),$0
	PUSHFL
	POPL	AX
	RET

TEXT _cycles(SB), $0				/* time stamp counter; cycles since power up */
	RDTSC
	MOVL	vlong+0(FP), CX			/* &vlong */
	MOVL	AX, 0(CX)			/* lo */
	MOVL	DX, 4(CX)			/* hi */
	RET

TEXT rdmsr(SB), $0				/* model-specific register */
	MOVL	index+0(FP), CX
	RDMSR
	MOVL	vlong+4(FP), CX			/* &vlong */
	MOVL	AX, (CX)			/* lo */
	MOVL	DX, 4(CX)			/* hi */
	RET

TEXT wrmsr(SB), $0
	MOVL	index+0(FP), CX
	MOVL	lo+4(FP), AX
	MOVL	hi+8(FP), DX
	WRMSR
	RET

/*
 * Try to determine the CPU type which requires fiddling with EFLAGS.
 * If the Id bit can be toggled then the CPUID instruciton can be used
 * to determine CPU identity and features. First have to check if it's
 * a 386 (Ac bit can't be set). If it's not a 386 and the Id bit can't be
 * toggled then it's an older 486 of some kind.
 *
 *	cpuid(id[], &ax, &dx);
 */
TEXT cpuid(SB), $0
	MOVL	$0x240000, AX
	PUSHL	AX
	POPFL					/* set Id|Ac */

	PUSHFL
	POPL	BX				/* retrieve value */

	MOVL	$0, AX
	PUSHL	AX
	POPFL					/* clear Id|Ac, EFLAGS initialised */

	PUSHFL
	POPL	AX				/* retrieve value */
	XORL	BX, AX
	TESTL	$0x040000, AX			/* Ac */
	JZ	_cpu386				/* can't set this bit on 386 */
	TESTL	$0x200000, AX			/* Id */
	JZ	_cpu486				/* can't toggle this bit on some 486 */

	MOVL	$0, AX
	CPUID
	MOVL	id+0(FP), BP
	MOVL	BX, 0(BP)			/* "Genu" "Auth" "Cyri" */
	MOVL	DX, 4(BP)			/* "ineI" "enti" "xIns" */
	MOVL	CX, 8(BP)			/* "ntel" "cAMD" "tead" */

	MOVL	$1, AX
	CPUID
	JMP	_cpuid

_cpu486:
	MOVL	$0x400, AX
	MOVL	$0, DX
	JMP	_cpuid

_cpu386:
	MOVL	$0x300, AX
	MOVL	$0, DX

_cpuid:
	MOVL	ax+4(FP), BP
	MOVL	AX, 0(BP)
	MOVL	dx+8(FP), BP
	MOVL	DX, 0(BP)
	RET

/*
 *  basic timing loop to determine CPU frequency
 */
TEXT	aamloop(SB),$0

	MOVL	c+0(FP),CX
aaml1:
	AAM
	LOOP	aaml1
	RET

/*
 *  do nothing whatsoever till interrupt happens
 */
TEXT	idle(SB),$0
	HLT
	RET

/*
 *  label consists of a stack pointer and a PC
 */
TEXT	gotolabel(SB),$0
	MOVL	l+0(FP),AX
	MOVL	4(AX),SP	/* restore sp */
	MOVL	0(AX),AX	/* put return pc on the stack */
	MOVL	AX,0(SP)
	MOVL	$1,AX		/* return 1 */
	RET

TEXT	setlabel(SB),$0
	MOVL	l+0(FP),AX
	MOVL	SP,4(AX)	/* store sp */
	MOVL	0(SP),BX	/* store return pc */
	MOVL	BX,0(AX)
	MOVL	$0,AX		/* return 0 */
	RET


TEXT	famd+0(SB), $4
	PUSHFL
	CLI		/* spl hi */

	FMOVL	b+4(FP), F0
	FADDF	a+0(FP), F0
	FMOVL	c+8(FP), F0
	FMULDP	F0, F1
	FMOVL	d+12(FP), F0
	FDIVDP	F0, F1

	FMOVFP	F0, .safe-4(SP)
	MOVL	.safe-4(SP), AX

	POPFL		/* splx */
	RET

TEXT	fdf+0(SB), $4
	PUSHFL
	CLI		/* spl hi */

	FMOVL	b+4(FP), F0
	FDIVRF	a+0(FP), F0
	FMOVLP	F0, .safe-4(SP)
	MOVL	.safe-4(SP), AX

	POPFL		/* splx */
	RET