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Java 2 Platform EE v1.3: Package javax.sql
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<H2>
Package javax.sql
</H2>
Provides the API for server side data source access and processing from
the Java<sup><font size=-2>TM</font></sup> programming language.
<P>
<B>See: </B>
<BR>
<A HREF="#package_description"><B>Description</B></A>
<P>
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<B>Interface Summary</B></FONT></TD>
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<TD WIDTH="15%"><B><A HREF="ConnectionEventListener.html"><I>ConnectionEventListener</I></A></B></TD>
<TD>
A ConnectionEventListener is an object that registers to receive
events generated by a PooledConnection.</TD>
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<TR BGCOLOR="white" CLASS="TableRowColor">
<TD WIDTH="15%"><B><A HREF="ConnectionPoolDataSource.html"><I>ConnectionPoolDataSource</I></A></B></TD>
<TD>A ConnectionPoolDataSource object is a factory for PooledConnection
objects.</TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="white" CLASS="TableRowColor">
<TD WIDTH="15%"><B><A HREF="DataSource.html"><I>DataSource</I></A></B></TD>
<TD>A DataSource object is a factory for Connection objects.</TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="white" CLASS="TableRowColor">
<TD WIDTH="15%"><B><A HREF="PooledConnection.html"><I>PooledConnection</I></A></B></TD>
<TD>A PooledConnection object is a connection object that provides
hooks for connection pool management.</TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="white" CLASS="TableRowColor">
<TD WIDTH="15%"><B><A HREF="RowSet.html"><I>RowSet</I></A></B></TD>
<TD>The RowSet interface adds support to the JDBC API for the
JavaBeans(TM) component model.</TD>
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<TR BGCOLOR="white" CLASS="TableRowColor">
<TD WIDTH="15%"><B><A HREF="RowSetInternal.html"><I>RowSetInternal</I></A></B></TD>
<TD>A rowset object presents itself to a reader or writer as an instance
of RowSetInternal.</TD>
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<TD WIDTH="15%"><B><A HREF="RowSetListener.html"><I>RowSetListener</I></A></B></TD>
<TD>The RowSetListener interface is implemented by a
component that wants to be notified when a significant
event happens in the life of a RowSet</TD>
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<TD WIDTH="15%"><B><A HREF="RowSetMetaData.html"><I>RowSetMetaData</I></A></B></TD>
<TD>The RowSetMetaData interface extends ResultSetMetaData with
methods that allow a metadata object to be initialized.</TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="white" CLASS="TableRowColor">
<TD WIDTH="15%"><B><A HREF="RowSetReader.html"><I>RowSetReader</I></A></B></TD>
<TD>An object implementing the RowSetReader interface may be registered with
a RowSet object that supports the reader/writer paradigm.</TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="white" CLASS="TableRowColor">
<TD WIDTH="15%"><B><A HREF="RowSetWriter.html"><I>RowSetWriter</I></A></B></TD>
<TD>An object that implements the RowSetWriter interface may be registered
with a RowSet object that supports the reader/writer paradigm.</TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="white" CLASS="TableRowColor">
<TD WIDTH="15%"><B><A HREF="XAConnection.html"><I>XAConnection</I></A></B></TD>
<TD>An XAConnection object provides support for distributed
transactions.</TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="white" CLASS="TableRowColor">
<TD WIDTH="15%"><B><A HREF="XADataSource.html"><I>XADataSource</I></A></B></TD>
<TD>A factory for XAConnection objects.</TD>
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<TD COLSPAN=2><FONT SIZE="+2">
<B>Class Summary</B></FONT></TD>
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<TD WIDTH="15%"><B><A HREF="ConnectionEvent.html">ConnectionEvent</A></B></TD>
<TD>The ConnectionEvent class provides information about the source of
a connection related event.</TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="white" CLASS="TableRowColor">
<TD WIDTH="15%"><B><A HREF="RowSetEvent.html">RowSetEvent</A></B></TD>
<TD>A RowSetEvent is generated when something important happens in the
life of a rowset, like when a column value changes.</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P>
<A NAME="package_description"><!-- --></A><H2>
Package javax.sql Description
</H2>
<P>
Provides the API for server side data source access and processing from
the Java<sup><font size=-2>TM</font></sup> programming language.
This package supplements the <code>java.sql</code>
package and, as of the version 1.4 release, is included in the
Java<sup><font size=-2>TM</font></sup> 2 SDK, Standard Edition.
It remains an essential part of the Java 2 SDK, Enterprise Edition
(J2EE<sup><font size=-2>TM</sup></font>).
<P>
The <code>javax.sql</code> package provides for the following:
<OL>
<LI>The <code>DataSource</code> interface as an alternative to the
<code>DriverManager</code> for establishing a
connection with a data source
<LI>Connection pooling
<LI>Distributed transactions
<LI>Rowsets
</OL>
<P>
Applications use the <code>DataSource</code> and <code>RowSet</code>
APIs directly, but the connection pooling and distributed transaction
APIs are used internally by the middle-tier infrastructure.
<H2>Using a <code>DataSource</code> Object to Make a Connection</H2>
The <code>javax.sql</code> package provides the preferred
way to make a connection with a data source. The <code>DriverManager</code>
class, the original mechanism, is still valid, and code using it will
continue to run. However, the newer <code>DataSource</code> mechanism
is preferred because it offers many advantages over the
<code>DriverManager</code> mechanism.
<P>
These are the main advantages of using a <code>DataSource</code> object to
make a connection:
<UL>
<LI>Applications do not need to hard code a driver class.
<LI>Changes can be made to a data source's properties, which means
that it is not necessary to make changes in application code when
something about the data source or driver changes.
<LI>Connection pooling and distributed transactions are available
through a <code>DataSource</code> object that is
implemented to work with the middle-tier infrastructure.
Connections made through the <code>DriverManager</code>
do not have connection pooling or distributed transaction
capabilities.
</UL>
<P>
Driver vendors provide <code>DataSource</code> implementations. A
particular <code>DataSource</code> object represents a particular
physical data source, and each connection the <code>DataSource</code> object
creates is a connection to that physical data source.
<P>
A logical name for the data source is registered with a naming service that
uses the Java Naming and Directory Interface<sup><font size=-2>TM</font></sup>
(JNDI) API, usually by a system administrator or someone performing the
duties of a system administrator. An application can retrieve the
<code>DataSource</code> object it wants by doing a lookup on the logical
name that has been registered for it. The application can then use the
<code>DataSource</code> object to create a connection to the physical data
source it represents.
<P>
A <code>DataSource</code> object can be implemented to work with the
middle tier infrastructure so that the connections it produces will be
pooled for reuse. An application that uses such a <code>DataSource</code>
implementation will automatically get a connection that participates in
connection pooling.
A <code>DataSource</code> object can also be implemented to work with the
middle tier infrastructure so that the connections it produces can be
used for distributed transactions without any special coding.
<H2>Connection Pooling</H2>
Connections made via a <code>DataSource</code>
object that is implemented to work with a middle tier connection pool manager
will participate in connection pooling. This can improve performance
dramatically because creating new connections is very expensive.
Connection pooling allows a connection to be used and reused,
thus cutting down substantially on the number of new connections
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