mark.c

A garbage collector for C and C

      /* collection.  Thus we have to recover from faults here.  */
      /* This code does not appear to be necessary for Windows   */
      /* 95/NT/2000. Note that this code should never generate   */
      /* an incremental GC write fault.                          */

      __try {

#   else /* __GNUC__ */

      /* Manually install an exception handler since GCC does    */
      /* not yet support Structured Exception Handling (SEH) on  */
      /* Win32.                                                  */

      ext_ex_regn er;

      er.alt_path = &&handle_ex;
      er.ex_reg.handler = mark_ex_handler;
      asm volatile ("movl %%fs:0, %0" : "=r" (er.ex_reg.prev));
      asm volatile ("movl %0, %%fs:0" : : "r" (&er));

#   endif /* __GNUC__ */

          ret_val = GC_mark_some_inner(cold_gc_frame);

#   ifndef __GNUC__

      } __except (GetExceptionCode() == EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION ?
                EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER : EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH) {

#   else /* __GNUC__ */

          /* Prevent GCC from considering the following code unreachable */
          /* and thus eliminating it.                                    */
          if (er.alt_path != 0)
              goto rm_handler;

handle_ex:
          /* Execution resumes from here on an access violation. */

#   endif /* __GNUC__ */

#         ifdef CONDPRINT
            if (GC_print_stats) {
	      GC_printf0("Caught ACCESS_VIOLATION in marker. "
		         "Memory mapping disappeared.\n");
            }
#         endif /* CONDPRINT */

          /* We have bad roots on the stack.  Discard mark stack.  */
          /* Rescan from marked objects.  Redetermine roots.	 */
          GC_invalidate_mark_state();	
          scan_ptr = 0;

          ret_val = FALSE;

#   ifndef __GNUC__

      }

#   else /* __GNUC__ */

rm_handler:
      /* Uninstall the exception handler */
      asm volatile ("mov %0, %%fs:0" : : "r" (er.ex_reg.prev));

#   endif /* __GNUC__ */

      return ret_val;
  }
#endif /* MSWIN32 */


GC_bool GC_mark_stack_empty()
{
    return(GC_mark_stack_top < GC_mark_stack);
}	

#ifdef PROF_MARKER
    word GC_prof_array[10];
#   define PROF(n) GC_prof_array[n]++
#else
#   define PROF(n)
#endif

/* Given a pointer to someplace other than a small object page or the	*/
/* first page of a large object, either:				*/
/*	- return a pointer to somewhere in the first page of the large	*/
/*	  object, if current points to a large object.			*/
/*	  In this case *hhdr is replaced with a pointer to the header	*/
/*	  for the large object.						*/
/*	- just return current if it does not point to a large object.	*/
/*ARGSUSED*/
ptr_t GC_find_start(current, hhdr, new_hdr_p)
register ptr_t current;
register hdr *hhdr, **new_hdr_p;
{
    if (GC_all_interior_pointers) {
	if (hhdr != 0) {
	    register ptr_t orig = current;
	    
	    current = (ptr_t)HBLKPTR(current);
	    do {
	      current = current - HBLKSIZE*(word)hhdr;
	      hhdr = HDR(current);
	    } while(IS_FORWARDING_ADDR_OR_NIL(hhdr));
	    /* current points to near the start of the large object */
	    if (hhdr -> hb_flags & IGNORE_OFF_PAGE) return(orig);
	    if ((word *)orig - (word *)current
	         >= (ptrdiff_t)(hhdr->hb_sz)) {
	        /* Pointer past the end of the block */
	        return(orig);
	    }
	    *new_hdr_p = hhdr;
	    return(current);
	} else {
	    return(current);
        }
    } else {
        return(current);
    }
}

void GC_invalidate_mark_state()
{
    GC_mark_state = MS_INVALID;
    GC_mark_stack_top = GC_mark_stack-1;
}

mse * GC_signal_mark_stack_overflow(msp)
mse * msp;
{
    GC_mark_state = MS_INVALID;
    GC_mark_stack_too_small = TRUE;
#   ifdef CONDPRINT
      if (GC_print_stats) {
	GC_printf1("Mark stack overflow; current size = %lu entries\n",
	    	    GC_mark_stack_size);
      }
#   endif
    return(msp - GC_MARK_STACK_DISCARDS);
}

/*
 * Mark objects pointed to by the regions described by
 * mark stack entries between GC_mark_stack and GC_mark_stack_top,
 * inclusive.  Assumes the upper limit of a mark stack entry
 * is never 0.  A mark stack entry never has size 0.
 * We try to traverse on the order of a hblk of memory before we return.
 * Caller is responsible for calling this until the mark stack is empty.
 * Note that this is the most performance critical routine in the
 * collector.  Hence it contains all sorts of ugly hacks to speed
 * things up.  In particular, we avoid procedure calls on the common
 * path, we take advantage of peculiarities of the mark descriptor
 * encoding, we optionally maintain a cache for the block address to
 * header mapping, we prefetch when an object is "grayed", etc. 
 */
mse * GC_mark_from(mark_stack_top, mark_stack, mark_stack_limit)
mse * mark_stack_top;
mse * mark_stack;
mse * mark_stack_limit;
{
  int credit = HBLKSIZE;	/* Remaining credit for marking work	*/
  register word * current_p;	/* Pointer to current candidate ptr.	*/
  register word current;	/* Candidate pointer.			*/
  register word * limit;	/* (Incl) limit of current candidate 	*/
  				/* range				*/
  register word descr;
  register ptr_t greatest_ha = GC_greatest_plausible_heap_addr;
  register ptr_t least_ha = GC_least_plausible_heap_addr;
  DECLARE_HDR_CACHE;

# define SPLIT_RANGE_WORDS 128  /* Must be power of 2.		*/

  GC_objects_are_marked = TRUE;
  INIT_HDR_CACHE;
# ifdef OS2 /* Use untweaked version to circumvent compiler problem */
  while (mark_stack_top >= mark_stack && credit >= 0) {
# else
  while ((((ptr_t)mark_stack_top - (ptr_t)mark_stack) | credit)
  	>= 0) {
# endif
    current_p = mark_stack_top -> mse_start;
    descr = mark_stack_top -> mse_descr;
  retry:
    /* current_p and descr describe the current object.		*/
    /* *mark_stack_top is vacant.				*/
    /* The following is 0 only for small objects described by a simple	*/
    /* length descriptor.  For many applications this is the common	*/
    /* case, so we try to detect it quickly.				*/
    if (descr & ((~(WORDS_TO_BYTES(SPLIT_RANGE_WORDS) - 1)) | GC_DS_TAGS)) {
      word tag = descr & GC_DS_TAGS;
      
      switch(tag) {
        case GC_DS_LENGTH:
          /* Large length.					        */
          /* Process part of the range to avoid pushing too much on the	*/
          /* stack.							*/
	  GC_ASSERT(descr < (word)GC_greatest_plausible_heap_addr
			    - (word)GC_least_plausible_heap_addr);
#	  ifdef PARALLEL_MARK
#	    define SHARE_BYTES 2048
	    if (descr > SHARE_BYTES && GC_parallel
		&& mark_stack_top < mark_stack_limit - 1) {
	      int new_size = (descr/2) & ~(sizeof(word)-1);
	      mark_stack_top -> mse_start = current_p;
	      mark_stack_top -> mse_descr = new_size + sizeof(word);
					/* makes sure we handle 	*/
					/* misaligned pointers.		*/
	      mark_stack_top++;
	      current_p = (word *) ((char *)current_p + new_size);
	      descr -= new_size;
	      goto retry;
	    }
#	  endif /* PARALLEL_MARK */
          mark_stack_top -> mse_start =
         	limit = current_p + SPLIT_RANGE_WORDS-1;
          mark_stack_top -> mse_descr =
          		descr - WORDS_TO_BYTES(SPLIT_RANGE_WORDS-1);
          /* Make sure that pointers overlapping the two ranges are	*/
          /* considered. 						*/
          limit = (word *)((char *)limit + sizeof(word) - ALIGNMENT);
          break;
        case GC_DS_BITMAP:
          mark_stack_top--;
          descr &= ~GC_DS_TAGS;
          credit -= WORDS_TO_BYTES(WORDSZ/2); /* guess */
          while (descr != 0) {
            if ((signed_word)descr < 0) {
              current = *current_p;
	      FIXUP_POINTER(current);
	      if ((ptr_t)current >= least_ha && (ptr_t)current < greatest_ha) {
		PREFETCH((ptr_t)current);
                HC_PUSH_CONTENTS((ptr_t)current, mark_stack_top,
			      mark_stack_limit, current_p, exit1);
	      }
            }
	    descr <<= 1;
	    ++ current_p;
          }
          continue;
        case GC_DS_PROC:
          mark_stack_top--;
          credit -= GC_PROC_BYTES;
          mark_stack_top =
              (*PROC(descr))
              	    (current_p, mark_stack_top,
              	    mark_stack_limit, ENV(descr));
          continue;
        case GC_DS_PER_OBJECT:
	  if ((signed_word)descr >= 0) {
	    /* Descriptor is in the object.	*/
            descr = *(word *)((ptr_t)current_p + descr - GC_DS_PER_OBJECT);
	  } else {
	    /* Descriptor is in type descriptor pointed to by first	*/
	    /* word in object.						*/
	    ptr_t type_descr = *(ptr_t *)current_p;
	    /* type_descr is either a valid pointer to the descriptor	*/
	    /* structure, or this object was on a free list.  If it 	*/
	    /* it was anything but the last object on the free list,	*/
	    /* we will misinterpret the next object on the free list as */
	    /* the type descriptor, and get a 0 GC descriptor, which	*/
	    /* is ideal.  Unfortunately, we need to check for the last	*/
	    /* object case explicitly.					*/
	    if (0 == type_descr) {
		/* Rarely executed.	*/
		mark_stack_top--;
		continue;
	    }
            descr = *(word *)(type_descr
			      - (descr - (GC_DS_PER_OBJECT
					  - GC_INDIR_PER_OBJ_BIAS)));
	  }
	  if (0 == descr) {
	      /* Can happen either because we generated a 0 descriptor	*/
	      /* or we saw a pointer to a free object.			*/
	      mark_stack_top--;
	      continue;
	  }
          goto retry;
      }
    } else /* Small object with length descriptor */ {
      mark_stack_top--;
      limit = (word *)(((ptr_t)current_p) + (word)descr);
    }
    /* The simple case in which we're scanning a range.	*/
    GC_ASSERT(!((word)current_p & (ALIGNMENT-1)));
    credit -= (ptr_t)limit - (ptr_t)current_p;
    limit -= 1;
    {
#     define PREF_DIST 4

#     ifndef SMALL_CONFIG
        word deferred;

	/* Try to prefetch the next pointer to be examined asap.	*/
	/* Empirically, this also seems to help slightly without	*/
	/* prefetches, at least on linux/X86.  Presumably this loop 	*/
	/* ends up with less register pressure, and gcc thus ends up 	*/
	/* generating slightly better code.  Overall gcc code quality	*/
	/* for this loop is still not great.				*/
	for(;;) {
	  PREFETCH((ptr_t)limit - PREF_DIST*CACHE_LINE_SIZE);
	  GC_ASSERT(limit >= current_p);
	  deferred = *limit;
	  FIXUP_POINTER(deferred);
	  limit = (word *)((char *)limit - ALIGNMENT);
	  if ((ptr_t)deferred >= least_ha && (ptr_t)deferred <  greatest_ha) {
	    PREFETCH((ptr_t)deferred);
	    break;
	  }
	  if (current_p > limit) goto next_object;
	  /* Unroll once, so we don't do too many of the prefetches 	*/
	  /* based on limit.						*/
	  deferred = *limit;
	  FIXUP_POINTER(deferred);
	  limit = (word *)((char *)limit - ALIGNMENT);
	  if ((ptr_t)deferred >= least_ha && (ptr_t)deferred <  greatest_ha) {
	    PREFETCH((ptr_t)deferred);
	    break;
	  }
	  if (current_p > limit) goto next_object;
	}
#     endif

      while (current_p <= limit) {
	/* Empirically, unrolling this loop doesn't help a lot.	*/
	/* Since HC_PUSH_CONTENTS expands to a lot of code,	*/
	/* we don't.						*/
        current = *current_p;
	FIXUP_POINTER(current);
        PREFETCH((ptr_t)current_p + PREF_DIST*CACHE_LINE_SIZE);
        if ((ptr_t)current >= least_ha && (ptr_t)current <  greatest_ha) {
  	  /* Prefetch the contents of the object we just pushed.  It's	*/
  	  /* likely we will need them soon.				*/
  	  PREFETCH((ptr_t)current);
          HC_PUSH_CONTENTS((ptr_t)current, mark_stack_top,
  		           mark_stack_limit, current_p, exit2);
        }
        current_p = (word *)((char *)current_p + ALIGNMENT);
      }

#     ifndef SMALL_CONFIG
	/* We still need to mark the entry we previously prefetched.	*/
	/* We alrady know that it passes the preliminary pointer	*/
	/* validity test.						*/
        HC_PUSH_CONTENTS((ptr_t)deferred, mark_stack_top,
  		         mark_stack_limit, current_p, exit4);
	next_object:;
#     endif
    }
  }
  return mark_stack_top;
}

#ifdef PARALLEL_MARK

/* We assume we have an ANSI C Compiler.	*/
GC_bool GC_help_wanted = FALSE;
unsigned GC_helper_count = 0;
unsigned GC_active_count = 0;
mse * VOLATILE GC_first_nonempty;
word GC_mark_no = 0;

#define LOCAL_MARK_STACK_SIZE HBLKSIZE
	/* Under normal circumstances, this is big enough to guarantee	*/
	/* We don't overflow half of it in a single call to 		*/
	/* GC_mark_from.						*/


/* Steal mark stack entries starting at mse low into mark stack local	*/
/* until we either steal mse high, or we have max entries.		*/
/* Return a pointer to the top of the local mark stack.		        */
/* *next is replaced by a pointer to the next unscanned mark stack	*/
/* entry.								*/
mse * GC_steal_mark_stack(mse * low, mse * high, mse * local,
			  unsigned max, mse **next)
{
    mse *p;
    mse *top = local - 1;
    unsigned i = 0;

    /* Make sure that prior writes to the mark stack are visible. */
    /* On some architectures, the fact that the reads are 	  */
    /* volatile should suffice.					  */
#   if !defined(IA64) && !defined(HP_PA) && !defined(I386)
      GC_memory_barrier();
#   endif
    GC_ASSERT(high >= low-1 && high - low + 1 <= GC_mark_stack_size);
    for (p = low; p <= high && i <= max; ++p) {
	word descr = *(volatile word *) &(p -> mse_descr);
	/* In the IA64 memory model, the following volatile store is	*/
	/* ordered after this read of descr.  Thus a thread must read 	*/
	/* the original nonzero value.  HP_PA appears to be similar,	*/
	/* and if I'm reading the P4 spec correctly, X86 is probably 	*/
	/* also OK.  In some other cases we need a barrier.		*/
#       if !defined(IA64) && !defined(HP_PA) && !defined(I386)
          GC_memory_barrier();
#       endif
	if (descr != 0) {
	    *(volatile word *) &(p -> mse_descr) = 0;
	    /* More than one thread may get this entry, but that's only */
	    /* a minor performance problem.				*/
	    ++top;
	    top -> mse_descr = descr;
	    top -> mse_start = p -> mse_start;
	    GC_ASSERT(  top -> mse_descr & GC_DS_TAGS != GC_DS_LENGTH || 
			top -> mse_descr < GC_greatest_plausible_heap_addr
			                   - GC_least_plausible_heap_addr);
	    /* If this is a big object, count it as			*/
	    /* size/256 + 1 objects.					*/
	    ++i;
	    if ((descr & GC_DS_TAGS) == GC_DS_LENGTH) i += (descr >> 8);
	}
    }
    *next = p;
    return top;
}

/* Copy back a local mark stack.	*/
/* low and high are inclusive bounds.	*/
void GC_return_mark_stack(mse * low, mse * high)
{
    mse * my_top;
    mse * my_start;
    size_t stack_size;

    if (high < low) return;
    stack_size = high - low + 1;
    GC_acquire_mark_lock();
    my_top = GC_mark_stack_top;
    my_start = my_top + 1;
    if (my_start - GC_mark_stack + stack_size > GC_mark_stack_size) {
#     ifdef CONDPRINT
	if (GC_print_stats) {
	  GC_printf0("No room to copy back mark stack.");
	}
#     endif
      GC_mark_state = MS_INVALID;
      GC_mark_stack_too_small = TRUE;
      /* We drop the local mark stack.  We'll fix things later.	*/
    } else {
      BCOPY(low, my_start, stack_size * sizeof(mse));
      GC_ASSERT(GC_mark_stack_top = my_top);
#     if !defined(IA64) && !defined(HP_PA)
        GC_memory_barrier();
#     endif
	/* On IA64, the volatile write acts as a release barrier. */
      GC_mark_stack_top = my_top + stack_size;
    }
    GC_release_mark_lock();
    GC_notify_all_marker();
}

/* Mark from the local mark stack.		*/
/* On return, the local mark stack is empty.	*/