📄 适合的stl教程.mht
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<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left;mso-layout-gri=
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font-family:"Courier New";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt'><o:p> </=
o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><b style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-h=
ansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>版本</span><span lang=3DEN-US>2</span></b>=
<b
style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New =
Roman"'>：容器</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>(containers)</span></b><b style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:norm=
al'><span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-h=
ansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>，迭代器</span><span lang=3DEN=
-US>(<span
class=3DSpellE>iterators</span>)</span></b><b style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weig=
ht:normal'><span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-h=
ansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>，算法</span><span lang=3DEN-US>(alg=
orithms)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><b style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=
=3DEN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:21.0pt'><span lang=3DEN-US>STL =
</span><span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-h=
ansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>提供了一些<b
style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>容器类型</b=
>（一种可以存放其他&#=
23545;象的对象）</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>,</span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-fam=
ily:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>其ߑ=
3;有种被称为<b
style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>向量</b>的容=
;器，很像数组，但可&#=
20197;实时自动扩展大小ʌ=
88;译注：数组在编译时=
已确定大小）。</span><span
class=3DSpellE><span lang=3DEN-US>push_back</span></span><span style=3D'f=
ont-family:
SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Tim=
es New Roman"'>是向量的一个操=
316;函数，它可以把一个=
;元素插入到向量的尾&#=
37096;（并自动加多一格Ĺ=
54;间）。</span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:21.0pt'><span lang=3DEN-US><o:p=
> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:21.0pt'><span style=3D'font-fam=
ily:SimSun;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New =
Roman"'>一个向量包含一块=
6830;续的初始化元素，ࠇ=
1;如<b
style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>索引</b></span><span
lang=3DEN-US>k (index k)</span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-asci=
i-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>已ಮ=
3;被初始化了，那么所&=
#26377;索引引值小于</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>k</span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-fam=
ily:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的ߖ=
3;会被初始化。</span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-indent:21.0pt'><span lang=3DEN-US><o:p=
> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-fam=
ily:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>可ߣ=
7;在向量的构造函数预&=
#23450;它的大小，你也可=
197;通过</span><b
style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=3DEN-US>size</span></b><=
span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-h=
ansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>来获知它有多ऴ=
9;个元素。这是<b
style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>逻辑</b>上的=
;元素数目——你已经=
351;用的元素数目，即<b
style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>已编索引</b=
>（</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>highest-indexed</span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-=
ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）௚=
0;。还有一个叫<b
style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>容量</b></span><span
lang=3DEN-US>(capacity)</span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii=
-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的ઍ=
0;念，它表示向量在<b
style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>再分配</b>（=
;</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>reallocating</span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-asc=
ii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）࠺=
9;可以保存的元素个数&=
#12290;（译注：仔细看图A=
292;并区分</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>size</span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-=
family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>和</span=
><span
lang=3DEN-US>capacity</span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-f=
ont-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）</span=
></p>
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<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-fam=
ily:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>我ߤ=
4;可以读取</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>(read)</span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-fon=
t-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>元ಃ=
2;或把它填入</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>(push)</span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-fon=
t-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>到ࡨ=
1;量的尾部。这消除了&=
#21487;读取素的数目限制=
290;</span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-fam=
ily:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>我ߤ=
4;将用</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>STL</span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-f=
amily:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的</span=
><span
lang=3DEN-US>sort</span><b style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-h=
ansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>常规过程</span></b><span
lang=3DEN-US>(routine</span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-f=
ont-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>即<b
style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>例程</b></span><span
lang=3DEN-US>)</span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-fam=
ily:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，੖=
9;代替</span><span
class=3DSpellE><span lang=3DEN-US>qsort</span></span><span style=3D'font-=
family:
SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Tim=
es New Roman"'>（译注：属于</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>c</span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-fam=
ily:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>语෌=
8;的），它是</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>STL</span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-f=
amily:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>提ߵ=
9;的一些算法之一。</span><b
style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=3DEN-US>sort</span></b><=
span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-h=
ansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>具有一般性，द=
7;可以应用于不同的容&=
#22120;类型上。能这样做=
340;原因是，算法不是直=
;接操作容器，而是通&#=
36807;<b
style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>迭代器</b></span>=
<span
lang=3DEN-US>(<span class=3DSpellE>iterator</span>)</span><span style=3D'=
font-family:
SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Tim=
es New Roman"'>来处理容器。</span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<h3 style=3D'mso-outline-level:3'><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-a=
scii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>预෇=
2;迭代器</span></h3>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-fam=
ily:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>我ߩ=
0;在后面再探讨迭代器&=
#30340;细节，但现在我们=
601;可以开始接触它了。=
;</span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span lang=3DEN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-fam=
ily:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>迭ߣ=
5;器可以用于指定容器&=
#20013;的一个位置</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>(position)</span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii=
-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>。๤=
5;代器可以被<b
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