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<html><head><title>Lyapunov exponent</title></head><body bgcolor="#ffffff"><h3>Maximal Lyapunov exponent</h3><font color=blue><tt>lyapunov -d# -m# -M# -t# -r# [-s# -n# -k# -o </tt><em>outfile</em><tt> -l# -x# -c# -V# -h] </tt><em> file</em></font><blockquote> <br> <font color=blue><tt> -d </tt></font>delay <br> <font color=blue><tt> -m </tt></font>minimal embedding dimension <br> <font color=blue><tt> -M </tt></font>maximal embedding dimension <br> <font color=blue><tt> -t </tt></font>minimal time separation <br> <font color=blue><tt> -r </tt></font>diameter of initial neighbourhoods <br> <font color=blue><tt> -s </tt></font>time steps over which expansion is followed (100) <br> <font color=blue><tt> -n </tt></font>minimal number of reference points (all) <br> <font color=blue><tt> -k </tt></font>minimal number of neighbours for reference points (10) <br> <font color=blue><tt> -l </tt></font>number of values to be read (all) <br> <font color=blue><tt> -x </tt></font>number of values to be skipped (0) <br> <font color=blue><tt> -c </tt></font>column to be read (1 or <font color=blue><em>file</em></font>,#) <br> <font color=blue><tt> -o </tt></font>output file name, just <font color=blue><tt> -o </tt></font>means <font color=blue><em>file</em></font><font color=blue><tt>_lyap</tt></font> <br> <font color=blue><tt> -V </tt></font>verbosity level (0 = only fatal errors) <br> <font color=blue><tt> -h </tt></font>show this message</blockquote>Provides data for a scaling plot that can be used to determine the largestLyapunov exponent of a scalar time series.The output file <font color=blue><em>file</em><tt>_lyap</tt></font> containsthe time seperation and the averaged phase space distance. Results forconsecutive values of the embedding dimension are seperated by double blanklines. <p>This routine is based on<blockquote>H. Kantz, <br><em>A robust method to estimate the maximal Lyapunov exponent of a time series,</em> <br>Phys. Lett. A <b>185</b>, 77 (1994).</blockquote><hr>See also <a href="../dresden/lyap_r.html">lyap_r</a><hr><h3>Usage example</h3>Try also just running: <font color=blue><tt>gnuplot lyapunov.gnu</tt></font> in the <font color=blue><tt>examples</tt></font> directory.<p><pre>> <font color=blue><tt>henon -l10000 > data</tt></font>> <font color=blue><tt>lyapunov -d1 -m2 -M3 -t50 -r0.005 -s20 data -o</tt></font>gnuplot> <font color=blue><tt>set logscale y</tt></font>gnuplot> <font color=blue><tt>set yrange [0.001:1]</tt></font>gnuplot> <font color=blue><tt>plot 'data_lyap', exp(0.42*x)/400</tt></font></pre><p><IMG SRC="lyapunov.gif" alt="lyapunov analysis"><p><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a> * <a href="../../index.html" target="_top">TISEAN home</a></body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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