xen v3_0 用户手册.htm

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<H1><A name=SECTION01130000000000000000>1.3 Hardware Support<SPAN 
style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">（硬件支持）</SPAN></A> </H1>
<P>Xen currently runs on the x86 architecture, requiring a ``P6'' or newer 
processor (e.g. Pentium Pro, Celeron, Pentium&nbsp;II, Pentium&nbsp;III, 
Pentium&nbsp;IV, Xeon, AMD&nbsp;Athlon, AMD&nbsp;Duron). Multiprocessor machines 
are supported, and there is support for HyperThreading (SMT). In addition, ports 
to IA64 and Power architectures are in progress.Xen <BR></P>
<P style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">目前运行在x86架构的机器上，需要P6或更新的处理器（比如 Pentium Pro, 
Celeron, Pentium&nbsp;II, Pentium&nbsp;III, Pentium&nbsp;IV, Xeon, 
AMD&nbsp;Athlon, AMD&nbsp;Duron)。支持多处理器，并且支持超线程（SMT）。另外对IA64和Power架构的开发也在进行中。 
</P>
<P>The default 32-bit Xen supports up to 4GB of memory. However Xen 3.0 adds 
support for Intel's Physical Addressing Extensions (PAE), which enable x86/32 
machines to address up to 64 GB of physical memory. Xen 3.0 also supports x86/64 
platforms such as Intel EM64T and AMD Opteron which can currently address up to 
1TB of physical memory.<BR></P>
<P><SPAN style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">32位Xen支持最大4GB内存。可是Xen 3.0 
为Intel处理器物理指令集(PAE)提供支持，这样就能使x86/32架构的机器支持到64GB的物理内存。Xen 3.0也能支持x86/64 平台支持，比如 
Intel EM64T 和AMD Opteron能支持1TB的物理 内存以上；</SPAN><BR></P>
<P>Xen offloads most of the hardware support issues to the guest OS running in 
the <I>Domain&nbsp;0</I> management virtual machine. Xen itself contains only 
the code required to detect and start secondary processors, set up interrupt 
routing, and perform PCI bus enumeration. Device drivers run within a privileged 
guest OS rather than within Xen itself. This approach provides compatibility 
with the majority of device hardware supported by Linux. The default XenLinux 
build contains support for most server-class network and disk hardware, but you 
can add support for other hardware by configuring your XenLinux kernel in the 
normal way.</P>
<H1><A name=SECTION01140000000000000000>1.4 Structure of a Xen-Based System<SPAN 
style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">（基于Xen的操作系统架构）</SPAN></A> </H1>
<P>A Xen system has multiple layers, the lowest and most privileged of which is 
Xen itself. </P>
<P style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">一个Xen系统拥有多个层，最底层和最高特权层是 Xen程序本身。</P>
<P>Xen may host multiple <I>guest</I> operating systems, each of which is 
executed within a secure virtual machine. In Xen terminology, a <I>domain</I>. 
Domains are scheduled by Xen to make effective use of the available physical 
CPUs. Each guest OS manages its own applications. This management includes the 
responsibility of scheduling each application within the time allotted to the VM 
by Xen. </P>
<P style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">Xen 
可以管理多个客户操作系统，每个操作系统都能在一个安全的虚拟机中实现。在Xen的术语中，Domain由Xen控制，以高效的利用CPU的物理资源。每个客户操作系统可以管理它自身的应用。这种管理包括每个程序在规定时间内的响应到执行，是通过Xen调度到虚拟机中实现。</P>
<P>The first domain, <I>domain&nbsp;0</I>, is created automatically when the 
system boots and has special management privileges. Domain&nbsp;0 builds other 
domains and manages their virtual devices. It also performs administrative tasks 
such as suspending, resuming and migrating other virtual machines.<BR></P>
<P><SPAN style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">第一个domain，也就是domain 
0（注：其实它就是第一个虚拟的客户系统），是在系统引导时自动创建，它拥有特殊的管理权限。Domain 0 可以构建其它的更多的Domain 
，并管理虚拟设备。它还能执行管理任务，比如虚拟机的体眠、唤醒和迁移其它虚拟机。</SPAN><BR></P>
<P>Within domain&nbsp;0, a process called <I>xend</I> runs to manage the system. 
Xend is responsible for managing virtual machines and providing access to their 
consoles. Commands are issued to xend over an HTTP interface, via a command-line 
tool.</P>
<P><SPAN style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">一个被称为xend的服务器进程通过domain 0来管理系统，Xend 
负责管理众多的虚拟主机，并且提供进入这些系统的控制台。命令经一个命令行的工具通过一个HTTP的接口被传送到xend。</SPAN><BR 
style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)"></P>
<H1><A name=SECTION01150000000000000000>1.5 History<SPAN 
style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">（历史）</SPAN></A> </H1>
<P>Xen was originally developed by the Systems Research Group at the University 
of Cambridge Computer Laboratory as part of the XenoServers project, funded by 
the UK-EPSRC. </P>
<P>XenoServers aim to provide a ``public infrastructure for global distributed 
computing''. Xen plays a key part in that, allowing one to efficiently partition 
a single machine to enable multiple independent clients to run their operating 
systems and applications in an environment. This environment provides 
protection, resource isolation and accounting. The project web page contains 
further information along with pointers to papers and technical reports: 
<TT>http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/xeno</TT> </P>
<P>Xen has grown into a fully-fledged project in its own right, enabling us to 
investigate interesting research issues regarding the best techniques for 
virtualizing resources such as the CPU, memory, disk and network. Project 
contributors now include XenSource, Intel, IBM, HP, AMD, Novell, RedHat. </P>
<P>Xen was first described in a paper presented at SOSP in 2003<A 
href="http://www.linuxsir.org/main/doc/Xen3man/#foot62" 
name=tex2html1><SUP>1.1</SUP></A>, and the first public release (1.0) was made 
that October. Since then, Xen has significantly matured and is now used in 
production scenarios on many sites. </P>
<H1><A name=SECTION01160000000000000000>1.6 What's New<SPAN 
style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">（最新特性）</SPAN></A> </H1>
<P>Xen 3.0.0 offers（Xen 3.0.0 拥有）:<BR></P>
<UL>
  <LI>Support for up to 32-way SMP guest operating systems <SPAN 
  style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">（支持最多32路的处理器的客户虚拟系统）</SPAN><BR>
  <LI>Intel (Physical Addressing Extensions) PAE to support 32-bit servers with 
  more than 4GB physical memory 
  <LI>x86/64 support (Intel EM64T, AMD Opteron) 
  <LI>Intel VT-x support to enable the running of unmodified guest operating 
  systems (Windows XP/2003, Legacy Linux) 
  <LI>Enhanced control tools 
  <LI>Improved ACPI support&nbsp;<BR>
  <LI>AGP/DRM graphics ；<BR></LI></UL>
<P>Xen 3.0 features greatly enhanced hardware support, configuration 
flexibility, usability and a larger complement of supported operating systems. 
This latest release takes Xen a step closer to being the definitive open source 
solution for virtualization.<BR><BR></P>
<H1><A name=SECTION02000000000000000000>1 Installation<SPAN 
style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">（安装）</SPAN></A> </H1>
<P></P>
<H1><A name=SECTION02100000000000000000>2. Basic Installation<SPAN 
style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">（基础安装）</SPAN></A> </H1>
<P>The Xen distribution includes three main components: Xen itself, ports of 
Linux and NetBSD to run on Xen, and the userspace tools required to manage a 
Xen-based system. This chapter describes how to install the Xen&nbsp;3.0 
distribution from source. Alternatively, there may be pre-built packages 
available as part of your operating system distribution.<BR></P>
<P><SPAN style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">Xen 
发行版包括三个主要的部件：Xen本身，在Xen上运行Linux和NetBSD的接口，及管理基于Xen的系统的用户工具。这一节我们讲述以源代码的安装方式安装Xen 
3.0 。当然，您也可以根据您所用的发行版来选择已经预编译好的Xen的软件包</SPAN><BR></P>
<H1><A name=SECTION02110000000000000000></A><A 
name=sec:prerequisites></A><BR>2.1 Prerequisites　<SPAN 
style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">（准备工作）</SPAN> </H1>
<P>The following is a full list of prerequisites. Items marked `<IMG height=32 
alt="$\dag $" src="Xen v3_0 用户手册.files/img2.png" width=12 align=middle 
border=0>' are required by the xend control tools, and hence required if you 
want to run more than one virtual machine; items marked `*' are only required if 
you wish to build from source. </P>
<DL compact>
  <DT>&nbsp;$$ 
  <DD>A working Linux distribution using the GRUB bootloader and running on a 
  P6-class or newer CPU.<SPAN 
  style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">（用GRUB的导Linux系统，并且运行在一个 P6级或更新的 
  CPU机器上）</SPAN><BR>
  <DT><IMG height=32 alt="$\dag $" src="Xen v3_0 用户手册.files/img2.png" width=12 
  align=middle border=0> 
  <DD>The <TT>iproute2</TT> package（<SPAN 
  style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">iproute2软件包</SPAN>）<BR>
  <DT><IMG height=32 alt="$\dag $" src="Xen v3_0 用户手册.files/img2.png" width=12 
  align=middle border=0> 
  <DD>The Linux bridge-utils（Linux桥接工具 ）<A 
  href="http://www.linuxsir.org/main/doc/Xen3man/#foot734" 
  name=tex2html2><SUP>2.1</SUP></A> (e.g., <TT>/sbin/brctl</TT>)&nbsp; <BR>
  <DT><IMG height=32 alt="$\dag $" src="Xen v3_0 用户手册.files/img2.png" width=12 
  align=middle border=0> 
  <DD>The Linux hotplug system<A 
  href="http://www.linuxsir.org/main/doc/Xen3man/#foot735" 
  name=tex2html3><SUP>2.2</SUP></A> (e.g., <TT>/sbin/hotplug</TT> and related 
  scripts). On newer distributions, this is included alongside the Linux udev 
  system<A href="http://www.linuxsir.org/main/doc/Xen3man/#foot736" 
  name=tex2html4><SUP>2.3</SUP></A>. 
  <DT>* 
  <DD>Build tools (gcc v3.2.x or v3.3.x, binutils, GNU make). <SPAN 
  style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">｛编译工具（gcc v3.2 或v3.3.x ，binutils，GNU 
  make)</SPAN>｝<BR>
  <DT>* 
  <DD>Development installation of zlib (e.g., zlib-dev).<SPAN 
  style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">｛zlib的开发库（例如zlib-dev）｝</SPAN><BR>
  <DT>* 
  <DD>Development installation of Python v2.2 or later (e.g., python-dev).<SPAN 
  style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">｛Python v2.2 或高于v2.2的版本的开发库（比如 
  python-dev）｝</SPAN><BR>
  <DT>* 
  <DD>L<SUP><SMALL>A</SMALL></SUP>T<SMALL>E</SMALL>X and transfig are required 
  to build the documentation. </DD></DL>
<P>Once you have satisfied these prerequisites, you can now install either a 
binary or source distribution of Xen.<BR></P>
<P><SPAN 
style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">一旦您已经做好这些准备工作，您现在可以通过二进制包或源码包来安装Xen。</SPAN><BR></P>
<H1><A name=SECTION02120000000000000000>2.2 Installing from Binary Tarball<SPAN 
style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">（通过二进制软件包安装）</SPAN></A> </H1>
<P>Pre-built tarballs are available for download from the XenSource downloads 
page:<BR><SPAN style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">可以到XenSource 
下载预编译好的二进制包，下载地址发下：</SPAN><BR></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TT>http://www.xensource.com/downloads/</TT> </BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Once you've downloaded the tarball, simply unpack and install:<BR><SPAN 
style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">一旦您下载了软件包，就可以轻松的解压和安装：</SPAN><BR><BR></P><PRE># tar zxvf xen-3.0-install.tgz<BR># cd xen-3.0-install<BR># sh ./install.sh<BR></PRE>
<P>Once you've installed the binaries you need to configure your system as 
described in Section&nbsp;<A 
href="http://www.linuxsir.org/main/doc/Xen3man/user.html#s:configure">2.5</A>.<BR><SPAN 
style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">一旦您已经安装了二进制包，您需要配置您的系统，请参考 </SPAN><A 
style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)" 
href="http://www.linuxsir.org/main/doc/Xen3man/user.html#s:configure">2.5</A><SPAN 
style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">的章节</SPAN> </P>
<H1><A name=SECTION02130000000000000000>2.3 Installing from RPMs从RPM包安装</A> 
</H1>Pre-built RPMs are available for download from the XenSource downloads 
page:<BR><SPAN style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">可</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">以到XenSource 下载</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">预编译好的RPM 包，下载地址发下：</SPAN><BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TT>http://www.xensource.com/downloads/</TT> </BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Once you've downloaded the RPMs, you typically install them via the RPM 
commands:<BR><SPAN 
style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">一旦您下载了RPM包，可以通过RPM的管理工具来安装他们：</SPAN><BR><BR></P>
<P><CODE># rpm -iv rpmname</CODE> </P>
<P>See the instructions and the Release Notes for each RPM set referenced 
at:<BR><SPAN style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">这里提供了每个相关RPM的介绍和发行说明</SPAN><BR></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TT>http://www.xensource.com/downloads/</TT>. </BLOCKQUOTE>
<P></P>
<H1><A name=SECTION02140000000000000000>2.4 Installing from Source<SPAN