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      0:3.8.3-11.fc4<BR>Complete!</CODE></DIV>
      <P></P>
      <P><FONT 
      color=blue><BR>注：yum优点:软件包依赖关系自行解决，比如上面的，我们可以看到本来我们只安装的是bmp-mp3，结果yum 
      安装也安装了 id3lib ；bmp<BR></FONT><BR><FONT 
      size=3><B><BR>二、yum的一点小用法；<BR></B></FONT><BR><B><BR>1、查询软件包；<BR></B><BR>面对成千上万的软件，我们可能无从下手，有时也不知道它的文件名；这时就要用到查询；我们可以用 
      yum list 来列出yum升级源上的包有文件；然后我们再来查看 info<BR>有以下几个组合可以用；比如；<BR>
      <DIV class=codeblock><CODE>[root@localhost beinan]# yum list 
      |more</CODE></DIV><BR>加上一个管道 |，然后 more 
      一下，就能把所有的包分页显示出来。然后按一下空格键就能看下一页了。在显示的软件列表中，会有软件名称、版本、是否安装等；仔细的看一下吧。熟悉了就好了。也没有什么难的。
      <P></P>
      <P>
      <DIV class=codeblock><CODE>[root@localhost beinan]# yum list 
      |more<BR>Setting up repositories<BR>Reading repository metadata in from 
      local files<BR>Installed Packages<BR>4Suite.i386 1.0-8.b1 
      installed<BR>Canna.i386 3.7p3-13 installed<BR>Canna-devel.i386 3.7p3-13 
      installed</CODE></DIV>
      <P></P>
      <P>如果想知道软件的详细信息，可能得用上info参数了。比如：</P>
      <P>用法：<BR>
      <DIV class=codeblock><CODE>[root@localhost beinan]# yum info 
      软件名</CODE></DIV><BR>比如：
      <P></P>
      <P>
      <DIV class=codeblock><CODE>[root@localhost beinan]# yum info 
      bmp-mp3<BR>Setting up repositories<BR>updates-released 100% 
      |=========================| 951 B 00:00<BR>extras 100% 
      |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00<BR>base 100% 
      |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00<BR>freshrpms 100% 
      |=========================| 951 B 00:00<BR>Reading repository metadata in 
      from local files<BR>Installed Packages<BR>Name : bmp-mp3<BR>Arch : 
      i386<BR>Version: 0.9.7<BR>Release: 1.2.fc4<BR>Size : 234 k<BR>Repo : 
      freshrpms<BR>Summary: MP3 playback plugin for the Beep Media 
      Player<BR>Description:<BR>&nbsp;This package contains an MP3 playback 
      plugin for BMP (Beep Media Player),<BR>a media player that uses a skinned 
      user interface based on Winamp 2.x skins,<BR>and is based on ("forked 
      off") XMMS.</CODE></DIV>
      <P></P>
      <P>在上面的例子中，如果Repo : freshrpms是这样的，表示您的系统没有安装这个软件，如果显示的是：Repo : 
      installed，表示已经安装了。</P>
      <P>查询软件包，也可以再加参数 grep ，比如我们想查询升级源上是否有内核的新版本，则我们可以用下面的命令查询；当然您也可以用 
      [root@localhost beinan]# yum search kernel |more ，也就是yum 
      --help提供的参数，也是一样的；<BR>
      <DIV class=codeblock><CODE>[root@localhost beinan]# yum list |grep 
      kernel</CODE></DIV><BR>我们看一下机器工作的结果，如下：
      <P></P>
      <P>
      <DIV class=codeblock><CODE>[root@localhost beinan]# yum list |grep 
      kernel<BR>GFS-kernel.i686 2.6.11.8-20050601.1526 
      installed<BR>cman-kernel.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 
      installed<BR>dlm-kernel.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 
      installed<BR>gnbd-kernel.i686 2.6.11.2-20050420.1331 
      installed<BR>kernel.i686 2.6.11-1.1369_FC4 installed<BR>kernel-devel.i686 
      2.6.11-1.1369_FC4 installed<BR>kernel-doc.noarch 2.6.11-1.1369_FC4 
      installed<BR>GFS-kernel.i586 2.6.11.8-20050601.1526 
      base<BR>GFS-kernel-debuginfo.i686 2.6.11.8-20050601.1526 
      updates-released<BR>GFS-kernel-debuginfo.i586 2.6.11.8-20050601.1526 
      updates-released<BR>GFS-kernel-smp.i686 2.6.11.8-20050601.1526 
      base<BR>GFS-kernel-xen0.i686 2.6.11.8-20050601.1526 
      base<BR>GFS-kernel-xenU.i686 2.6.11.8-20050601.1526 
      base<BR>cman-kernel.i586 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 
      updates-released<BR>cman-kernel.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 
      updates-released<BR>cman-kernel-debuginfo.i586 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 
      updates-released<BR>cman-kernel-debuginfo.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 
      updates-released<BR>cman-kernel-smp.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 
      updates-released<BR>cman-kernel-xen0.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 
      updates-released<BR>cman-kernel-xenU.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 
      updates-released<BR>dlm-kernel.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 
      updates-released<BR>dlm-kernel.i586 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 
      updates-released<BR>dlm-kernel-debuginfo.i586 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 
      updates-released<BR>dlm-kernel-debuginfo.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 
      updates-released<BR>dlm-kernel-smp.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 
      updates-released<BR>dlm-kernel-xen0.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 
      updates-released<BR>dlm-kernel-xenU.i686 2.6.11.5-20050601.1526 
      updates-released<BR>gnbd-kernel.i686 2.6.11.2-20050420.1331 
      updates-released<BR>gnbd-kernel.i586 2.6.11.2-20050420.1331 
      updates-released<BR>gnbd-kernel-debuginfo.i586 2.6.11.2-20050420.1331 
      updates-released<BR>gnbd-kernel-debuginfo.i686 2.6.11.2-20050420.1331 
      updates-released<BR>gnbd-kernel-smp.i686 2.6.11.2-20050420.1331 
      updates-released<BR>gnbd-kernel-xen0.i686 2.6.11.2-20050420.1331 
      updates-released<BR>gnbd-kernel-xenU.i686 2.6.11.2-20050420.1331 
      updates-released<BR>kernel.i586 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 
      updates-released<BR>kernel.i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 
      updates-released<BR>kernel-debuginfo.i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 
      updates-released<BR>kernel-debuginfo.i586 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 
      updates-released<BR>kernel-devel.i586 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 
      updates-released<BR>kernel-devel.i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 
      updates-released<BR>kernel-doc.noarch 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 
      updates-released<BR>kernel-smp.i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 
      updates-released<BR>kernel-smp-devel.i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 
      updates-released<BR>kernel-xen0.i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 
      updates-released<BR>kernel-xen0-devel.i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 
      updates-released<BR>kernel-xenU.i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 
      updates-released<BR>kernel-xenU-devel.i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 
      updates-released</CODE></DIV><BR>上面的确显示出一大堆与内核有关的， installed表示我们的系统已经安装了；
      <P></P>
      <P>咱们看前一列吧，看一下名字就能猜个差不多；比如 doc 肯定和内核文档有关了；smp是多处理器的内核；其它的我不懂了，请想知道的弟兄用 
      info来看吧。</P>
      <P>比如我们用的机器是单处理器的X86机，想看一下是否有新内核可用。所以咱们试一下下面的这个。看是否已经有了新内核可以升级的；<BR>
      <DIV class=codeblock><CODE>[root@localhost beinan]# yum info 
      kernel.i686<BR>[root@localhost beinan]# yum info kernel.i686<BR>Setting up 
      repositories<BR>updates-released 100% |=========================| 951 B 
      00:00<BR>extras 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00<BR>base 100% 
      |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00<BR>freshrpms 100% 
      |=========================| 951 B 00:00<BR>Reading repository metadata in 
      from local files<BR>Installed Packages<BR>Name : kernel<BR>Arch : 
      i686<BR>Version: 2.6.11<BR>Release: 1.1369_FC4<BR>Size : 37 M<BR>Repo : 
      installed<BR>Summary: Linux 内核(Linux 
      操作系统的核心)。<BR>Description:<BR>&nbsp;kernel 软件包包含 Linux 内核 (vmlinuz)，Red Hat 
      Linux<BR>操作系统的核心。内核处理操作系统的基本功能：<BR>分配内存、处理分配、设备的输入和输出等等。<BR>Available 
      Packages<BR>Name : kernel<BR>Arch : i686<BR>Version: 2.6.12<BR>Release: 
      1.1398_FC4<BR>Size : 14 M<BR>Repo : updates-released<BR>Summary: The Linux 
      kernel (the core of the Linux operating 
      system)<BR>Description:<BR>&nbsp;The kernel package contains the Linux 
      kernel (vmlinuz), the core of any<BR>Linux operating system. The kernel 
      handles the basic functions<BR>of the operating system: memory allocation, 
      process allocation, device<BR>input and output, etc.</CODE></DIV>
      <P></P>
      <P>通过上面的信息，我们可以看到 2.6.11的是已经安装了，因为已经显示的是Repo : installed ，下面还有一个Version: 
      2.6.12 ，告诉我们是Repo : updates-released，看来这个是升级用的了。</P>
      <P>所以是否升级就看我们的了。</P>
      <P>
      <DIV class=codeblock><CODE>[root@localhost beinan]# yum update 
      kernel</CODE></DIV><BR>升级内核全景如下：
      <P></P>
      <P>
      <DIV class=codeblock><CODE>[root@localhost beinan]# yum update 
      kernel<BR>Setting up Upgrade Process<BR>Setting up 
      repositories<BR>updates-released 100% |=========================| 951 B 
      00:00<BR>extras 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00<BR>base 100% 
      |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00<BR>freshrpms 100% 
      |=========================| 951 B 00:00<BR>Reading repository metadata in 
      from local files<BR>Resolving Dependencies<BR>--&gt; Populating 
      transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.<BR>---&gt; 
      Downloading header for kernel to pack into transaction 
      set.<BR>kernel-2.6.12-1.1398_FC4. 100% |=========================| 174 kB 
      00:18<BR>---&gt; Package kernel.i686 0:2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 set to be 
      installed<BR>--&gt; Running transaction check<BR>Dependencies 
      Resolved<BR>=============================================================================<BR>&nbsp;Package 
      Arch Version Repository 
      Size<BR>=============================================================================<BR>Installing:<BR>&nbsp;kernel 
      i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 updates-released 14 M<BR>Transaction 
      Summary<BR>=============================================================================<BR>Install 
      1 Package(s)<BR>Update 0 Package(s)<BR>Remove 0 Package(s)<BR>Total 
      download size: 14 M<BR>Is this ok [y/N]:</CODE></DIV>
      <P></P>
      <P>是不是升级，只需要在 Is this ok [y/N]:行的后面输入y或者N；y是yes，就是点头同意的意思；N就是摇头No的意思。</P>
      <P>对于软件包的查询，还有，比如：<BR>
      <DIV class=codeblock><CODE>[root@localhost beinan]# yum list available 
      列出所有升级源上的包；<BR>[root@localhost beinan]# yum list updates 
      列出所有升级源上的可以更新包；<BR>[root@localhost beinan]# yum list installed 
      列出已经安装的包；</CODE></DIV>
      <P></P>
      <P>yum 的命令支持通配符； 比如；</P>
      <P>
      <DIV class=codeblock><CODE>[root@localhost beinan]# yum list mp* 
      |more<BR>Setting up repositories<BR>Reading repository metadata in from 
      local files<BR>Installed Packages<BR>mpage.i386 2.5.4-5 
      installed<BR>Available Packages<BR>mpc.i386 0.11.2-3 
      extras<BR>mpeg2dec.i386 0.4.0-5b.2.fc4 freshrpms<BR>mpeg2dec-devel.i386 
      0.4.0-5b.2.fc4 freshrpms<BR>mpg321.i386 0.2.10-6.2.fc4 
      freshrpms<BR>mplayer.i386 1.0-0.16.pre7.2.fc4 
      freshrpms<BR>mplayer-docs.i386 1.0-0.16.pre7.2.fc4 
      freshrpms<BR>mplayer-fonts.noarch 1.1-3.fc 
      freshrpms<BR>mplayer-skins.noarch 1.7-1.fc freshrpms<BR>[root@localhost 
      beinan]#</CODE></DIV><BR><B><BR>2.安装和升级软件包；<BR></B><BR>安装和升级分别是 install 和 
      update 参数；比如；<BR>
      <DIV class=codeblock><CODE>[root@localhost beinan]# yum update 
      firefox</CODE></DIV><BR>这样我们就可以升级 firefox了。
      <P></P>
      <P>
      <DIV class=codeblock><CODE>[root@localhost beinan]# yum update 
      firefox<BR>Setting up Update Process<BR>Setting up 
      repositories<BR>updates-released 100% |=========================| 951 B 
      00:00<BR>extras 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00<BR>base 100% 
      |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:03<BR>freshrpms 100% 
      |=========================| 951 B 00:02<BR>Reading repository metadata in 
      from local files<BR>Resolving Dependencies<BR>--&gt; Populating 
      transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.<BR>---&gt; Package 
      firefox.i386 0:1.0.6-1.1.fc4 set to be updated<BR>--&gt; Running 
      transaction check<BR>Dependencies 
      Resolved<BR>=============================================================================<BR>&nbsp;Package 
      Arch Version Repository 
      Size<BR>=============================================================================<BR>Updating:<BR>&nbsp;firefox 
      i386 1.0.6-1.1.fc4 updates-released 18 M<BR>Transaction 
      Summary<BR>=============================================================================<BR>Install 
      0 Package(s)<BR>Update 1 Package(s)<BR>Remove 0 Package(s)<BR>Total 
      download size: 18 M<BR>Is this ok [y/N]:</CODE></DIV>
      <P></P>
      <P>如果不加参数的 update 会是什么呢？？</P>
      <P>
      <DIV class=codeblock><CODE>[root@localhost beinan]# yum 
      update</CODE></DIV><BR>试着运行一下看看？会好长时间，对系统进行全面更新，我们要进行y和N了。<BR><B><BR>3.移除软件包要用到remove参数；比如；<BR></B><BR>
      <DIV class=codeblock><CODE>[root@localhost beinan]# yum remove 
      bmp-mp3</CODE></DIV>
      <P></P>
      <P>内容全景如下：<BR>
      <DIV class=codeblock><CODE>[root@localhost beinan]# yum remove 
      bmp-mp3<BR>Setting up Remove Process<BR>Resolving Dependencies<BR>--&gt; 
      Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.<BR>---&gt; 
      Package bmp-mp3.i386 0:0.9.7-1.2.fc4 set to be erased<BR>--&gt; Running