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📄 linux tutorial - linux network administration.mht

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</LI></UL></DD></DL></LI></UL>
      <DL></DL>(Used by script =
<TT>/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup</TT> to=20
      bring the various network interfaces on-line) <BR>To disable DHCP =
change=20
      <TT>BOOTPROTO=3Ddhcp</TT> to <TT>BOOTPROTO=3Dnone</TT>=20
      <UL></UL>
      <P>In order for updated information in any of these files to take =
effect,=20
      one must issue the command: <TT>service network restart</TT> (or:=20
      <TT>/etc/init.d/network restart</TT>)=20
      <P>
      <HR noShade>

      <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D2 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR bgColor=3D#c0c0c0>
          <TD><B><BIG>Changing the host =
name:</BIG></B></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
      <P>This is a three step process:=20
      <OL>
        <LI>Issue the command: <TT><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://node1.yo-linux.com/cgi-bin/man2html?cgi_command=3Dhostname=
">hostname</A>=20
        <I>new-host-name</I></TT>=20
        <LI>Change network configuration file: =
<TT>/etc/sysconfig/network</TT>=20
        <BR>Edit entry: <TT>HOSTNAME=3D<I>new-host-name</I></TT>=20
        <LI>Restart systems which relied on the hostname (or reboot):=20
        <UL>
          <LI>Restart network services: <TT>service network restart</TT> =

          <BR>(or: <TT>/etc/init.d/network restart</TT>)=20
          <LI>Restart desktop:=20
          <UL>
            <LI>Bring down system to console mode: <TT><A=20
            =
href=3D"http://node1.yo-linux.com/cgi-bin/man2html?cgi_command=3Dinit">in=
it</A>=20
            3</TT>=20
            <LI>Bring up X-Windows: <TT>init 5</TT> =
</LI></UL></LI></UL></LI></OL>One=20
      may also want to check the file <TT>/etc/hosts</TT> for an entry =
using the=20
      system name which allows the system to be self aware.=20
      <P>The hostname may be changed at runtime using the command: =
<TT><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://node1.yo-linux.com/cgi-bin/man2html?cgi_command=3Dsysctl">=
sysctl</A>=20
      -w kernel.hostname=3D"<I>superserver</I>"</TT>=20
      <P><A name=3DNETWORKALIASING></A>
      <HR noShade>

      <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D2 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR bgColor=3D#c0c0c0>
          <TD><B><BIG>Network IP =
aliasing:</BIG></B></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
      <P>Assign more than one IP address to one ethernet card: <PRE>    =
ifconfig eth0   <I>XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX</I> netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast =
<I>XXX.XXX.XXX</I>.255
    ifconfig eth0:0 192.168.10.12   netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast =
192.168.10.255
    ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.10.14   netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast =
192.168.10.255
=20
    route add -host <I>XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX</I> dev eth0
    route add -host 192.168.10.12 dev eth0
    route add -host 192.168.10.14 dev eth0
</PRE>In this example 0 and 1 are aliases in addition to the regular =
eth0.=20
      The result of the ifconfig command: <SMALL><PRE>eth0      Link =
encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:10:4C:25:7A:3F =20
          inet addr:<I>XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX</I>  Bcast:<I>XXX.XXX.XXX</I>.255 =
 Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:14218 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:1362 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:1 txqueuelen:100=20
          Interrupt:5 Base address:0xe400=20

eth0:0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:10:4C:25:7A:3F =20
          inet addr:192.168.10.12  Bcast:192.168.10.255  =
Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          Interrupt:5 Base address:0xe400=20

eth0:1    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:10:4C:25:7A:3F =20
          inet addr:192.168.10.14  Bcast:192.168.10.255  =
Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          Interrupt:5 Base address:0xe400=20

</PRE></SMALL>
      <P>Config file: =
<TT>/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:0</TT>=20
      <DL>
        <DD>
        <TABLE cellSpacing=3D1 cellPadding=3D4 width=3D"100%" =
bgColor=3D#000000=20
border=3D1>
          <TBODY>
          <TR bgColor=3D#c0c0c0>
            <TD><PRE>DEVICE=3Deth0:0
ONBOOT=3Dyes
BOOTPROTO=3Dstatic
BROADCAST=3D192.168.10.255
IPADDR=3D192.168.10.12
NETMASK=3D255.255.255.0
NETWORK=3D192.168.10.0
ONBOOT=3Dyes
</PRE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DD></DL>Aliases can also be shut down=20
      independently. i.e.: <TT>ifdown eth0:0</TT>=20
      <P>The option during kernel compile is: CONFIG_IP_ALIAS=3Dy =
(Enabled by=20
      default in Redhat)=20
      <P><B>Note:</B> The Apache web server can be configured so that =
different=20
      IP addresses can be assigned to specific domains being hosted. See =
Apache=20
      configuration and "configuring an IP based virtual host" in the <A =

      =
href=3D"http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialWebSiteConfig.html#=
HTTPD">YoLinux=20
      Web site configuration tutorial</A>.=20
      <P>
      <HR>

      <P><B>DHCP Linux Client: get connection info:</B> <TT>/sbin/pump =
-i eth0=20
      --status</TT> <BR>(Red Hat Linux 7.1 and older)=20
      <DL>
        <DD><SMALL><PRE>Device eth0
	IP: 4.XXX.XXX.XXX
	Netmask: 255.255.252.0
	Broadcast: 4.XXX.XXX.255
	Network: 4.XXX.XXX.0
	Boot server 131.XXX.XXX.4
	Next server 0.0.0.0
	Gateway: 4.XXX.XXX.1
	Domain: vz.dsl.genuity.net
	Nameservers: 4.XXX.XXX.1 4.XXX.XXX.2 4.XXX.XXX.3
	Renewal time: Sat Aug 11 08:28:55 2001
	Expiration time: Sat Aug 11 11:28:55 2001
</PRE></SMALL></DD></DL>
      <UL></UL>
      <P><A name=3DSTARTSTOP></A>
      <P>
      <HR>

      <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D2 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR bgColor=3D#ffcc33>
          <TD><B><BIG>Activating and De-Activating your=20
        NIC:</BIG></B></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
      <P>
      <TABLE>
        <TBODY>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop>Commands for starting and stopping TCP/IP =
network=20
            services on an interface:=20
            <UL>
              <LI><B>Activate:</B> <TT>/sbin/ifup eth0</TT> <BR>(Also:=20
              <TT>ifconfig eth0 up</TT> <B><I>- Note: Even if no IP =
address is=20
              assigned you can listen.</I></B>)=20
              <LI><B>De-Activate:</B> <TT>/sbin/ifdown eth0</TT> =
<BR>(Also:=20
              <TT>ifconfig eth0 down</TT>) </LI></UL>These scripts use =
the scripts=20
            and NIC config <BR>files in =
<TT>/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/</TT>=20

            <P><B>GUI Interface control/configuration:</B>=20
            <UL>
              <LI>Start/Stop network interfaces=20
              <BR><TT>/usr/bin/system-control-network</TT> (Fedora Core =
2/3)=20
              <BR><TT>/usr/bin/redhat-control-network</TT> (RH 9.0 - =
FC-1)=20
              <LI>Configure Ethernet, ISDN, modem, token Ring, Wireless =
or DSL=20
              network connection:=20
              <BR><TT>/usr/sbin/system-config-network-druid</TT> (FC2/3) =

              <BR><TT>/usr/sbin/redhat-config-network-druid</TT> (RH 9 - =
FC-1)=20
              </LI></UL></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dbottom><IMG=20
            =
src=3D"http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/images/system-control-network.gif=
"=20
            align=3Dright> </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
      <P><A name=3DSUBNETS></A>
      <P>
      <HR>

      <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D2 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR bgColor=3D#ffcc33>
          <TD><B><BIG>Subnets:</BIG></B></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
      <P></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=3D3 cellPadding=3D3 border=3D1>
  <TBODY>
  <TR bgColor=3D#c0c0c0>
    <TH vAlign=3Dtop>M<BR>A<BR>S<BR>K</TH>
    <TH vAlign=3Dtop># OF SUB NETS</TH>
    <TH>Slash<BR>Fmt</TH>
    <TH>CLASS A<BR>HOSTS</TH>
    <TH>CLASS A<BR>MASK</TH>
    <TH>CLASS B<BR>HOSTS</TH>
    <TH>CLASS B<BR>MASK</TH>
    <TH>CLASS C<BR>HOSTS</TH>
    <TH>CLASS C<BR>MASK</TH>
    <TH vAlign=3Dtop>CLASS C SUB<BR>HOSTS</TH>
    <TH>CLASS C SUB<BR>MASK</TH></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>255</TD>
    <TD>1<BR>or<BR>256</TD>
    <TD>/32</TD>
    <TD>16,777,214</TD>
    <TD>255.0.0.0</TD>
    <TD>65,534</TD>
    <TD>255.255.0.0</TD>
    <TD>254</TD>
    <TD>255.255.255.0</TD>
    <TD>Invalid<BR>1 address</TD>
    <TD>255.255.255.255</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>254</TD>
    <TD>128</TD>
    <TD>/31</TD>
    <TD>33,554,430</TD>
    <TD>254.0.0.0</TD>
    <TD>131,070</TD>
    <TD>255.254.0.0</TD>
    <TD>510</TD>
    <TD>255.255.254.0</TD>
    <TD>Invalid<BR>2 addresses</TD>
    <TD>255.255.255.254</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>252</TD>
    <TD>64</TD>
    <TD>/30</TD>
    <TD>67,108,862</TD>
    <TD>252.0.0.0</TD>
    <TD>262,142</TD>
    <TD>255.252.0.0</TD>
    <TD>1,022</TD>
    <TD>255.255.252.0</TD>
    <TD>2 hosts<BR>4 addresses</TD>
    <TD>255.255.255.252</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>248</TD>
    <TD>32</TD>
    <TD>/29</TD>
    <TD>134,217,726</TD>
    <TD>248.0.0.0</TD>
    <TD>524,286</TD>
    <TD>255.248.0.0</TD>
    <TD>2,046</TD>
    <TD>255.255.248.0</TD>
    <TD>6 hosts<BR>8 addresses</TD>
    <TD>255.255.255.248</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>240</TD>
    <TD>16</TD>
    <TD>/28</TD>
    <TD>268,435,454</TD>
    <TD>240.0.0.0</TD>
    <TD>1,048,574</TD>
    <TD>255.240.0.0</TD>
    <TD>4,094</TD>
    <TD>255.255.240.0</TD>
    <TD>14 hosts<BR>16 addresses</TD>
    <TD>255.255.255.240</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>224</TD>
    <TD>8</TD>
    <TD>/27</TD>
    <TD>536,870,910</TD>
    <TD>224.0.0.0</TD>
    <TD>2,097,150</TD>
    <TD>255.224.0.0</TD>
    <TD>8,190</TD>
    <TD>255.255.224.0</TD>
    <TD>30 hosts<BR>32 addresses</TD>
    <TD>255.255.255.224</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>192</TD>
    <TD>4</TD>
    <TD>/26</TD>
    <TD>1,073,741,822</TD>
    <TD>192.0.0.0</TD>
    <TD>4,194,302</TD>
    <TD>255.192.0.0</TD>
    <TD>16,382</TD>
    <TD>255.255.192.0</TD>
    <TD>62 hosts<BR>64 addresses</TD>
    <TD>255.255.255.192</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>128</TD>
    <TD>2</TD>
    <TD>/25</TD>
    <TD>2,147,483,646</TD>
    <TD>128.0.0.0</TD>
    <TD>8,388,606</TD>
    <TD>255.128.0.0</TD>
    <TD>32,766</TD>
    <TD>255.255.128.0</TD>
    <TD>126 hosts<BR>128 addresses</TD>
    <TD>255.255.255.128</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=3D1 cellPadding=3D4 width=3D"100%" bgColor=3D#000000 =
border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR bgColor=3D#cccccc>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D120 bgColor=3D#c0c0c0>
      <P>
      <SCRIPT type=3Dtext/javascript><!--=0A=
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      <P></P></TD>
    <TD>
      <P>
      <TABLE border=3D1>
        <TBODY>
        <TR>
          <TD>Binary position</TD>
          <TD>8</TD>
          <TD>7</TD>
          <TD>6</TD>
          <TD>5</TD>
          <TD>4</TD>
          <TD>3</TD>
          <TD>2</TD>
          <TD>1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD>Value</TD>
          <TD>128</TD>
          <TD>64</TD>
          <TD>32</TD>
          <TD>16</TD>
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