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  gcc  预设经由预处理过(扩展名为.i)的文件为 C 语言,并於程式
      连结阶段以 C 的连结方式处理。 

  g++  预设经由预处理过(扩展名为.i)的文件为 C++ 语言,并於程
序连结阶段以 C++ 的连结方式处理。 

  原始程序码的扩展名指出所用编写程序所用的语言,以及相对应的处 
理方法: 

  .c  C 原始程序          ;   预处理、编译、汇编 
  .C  C++ 原始程序        ;   预处理、编译、汇编 
  .cc   C++ 原始程序        ;   预处理、编译、汇编 
  .cxx  C++ 原始程序        ;   预处理、编译、汇编 
  .m  Objective-C 原始程序    ;   预处理、编译、汇编 
  .i  已经过预处理之 C 原始程序  ;   编译、汇编 
  .ii   已经过预处理之 C++ 原始程序 ;   编译、汇编 
  .s  组合语言原始程序      ;   汇编 
  .S  组合语言原始程序      ;   预处理、汇编 
  .h  预处理文件(标头文件)    ;   (不常出现在指令行) 

  其他扩展名的文件是由连结程序来处理,通常有: 

  .o  Object file 
  .a  Archive file 

  除非编译过程出现错误,否则 "连结" 一定是产生一个新程序的最 
  後阶段。然而你也可以以 -c、-s 或 -E 等选项,将整个过程自四 
  个阶段中的其中一个停止。在连结阶段,所有与原始码相对应的 
  .o 文件、程序库、和其他无法自文件名辨明属性的文件(包括不以 .o 
  为扩展名的 object file 以及扩展名为 .a 的 archive file)都会 
  交由连结程序来处理(在指令行将那些文件当作连结程序的参数传给 
  连结程序)。 

选项:

  不同的选项必须分开来下:例如 `-dr' 这个选项就与 `-d -r' 大 
  不相同。 

  绝大部份的 `-f' 及 `-W' 选项都有正反两种形式:-fname 及 
  -fno-name (或 -Wname 及 -Wno-name)。以下只列出非预设的那个 
  形式。 

  以下是所有选项的摘要。以形式来分类。选项的意义将另辟小节说 
  明。 

  一般性(概略、常用的)选项 
        -c -S -E -o file -pipe -v -x language 

  程序语言选项 
        -ansi -fall-virtual -fcond-mismatch 
        -fdollars-in-identifiers -fenum-int-equiv 
        -fexternal-templates -fno-asm -fno-builtin 
        -fno-strict-prototype -fsigned-bitfields 
        -fsigned-char -fthis-is-variable 
        -funsigned-bitfields -funsigned-char 
        -fwritable-strings -traditional -traditional-cpp 
        -trigraphs 

  编译时的警告选项 
        -fsyntax-only -pedantic -pedantic-errors -w -W 
        -Wall -Waggregate-return -Wcast-align -Wcast-qual 
        -Wchar-subscript -Wcomment -Wconversion 
        -Wenum-clash -Werror -Wformat -Wid-clash-len 
        -Wimplicit -Winline -Wmissing-prototypes 
        -Wmissing-declarations -Wnested-externs -Wno-import 
        -Wparentheses -Wpointer-arith -Wredundant-decls 
        -Wreturn-type -Wshadow -Wstrict-prototypes -Wswitch 
        -Wtemplate-debugging -Wtraditional -Wtrigraphs 
        -Wuninitialized -Wunused -Wwrite-strings 

  除错选项 
        -a -dletters -fpretend-float -g -glevel -gcoff 
        -gxcoff -gxcoff+ -gdwarf -gdwarf+ -gstabs -gstabs+ 
        -ggdb -p -pg -save-temps -print-file-name=library 
        -print-libgcc-file-name -print-prog-name=program 

  最佳化选项 
        -fcaller-saves -fcse-follow-jumps -fcse-skip-blocks 
        -fdelayed-branch -felide-constructors 
        -fexpensive-optimizations -ffast-math -ffloat-store 
        -fforce-addr -fforce-mem -finline-functions 
        -fkeep-inline-functions -fmemoize-lookups 
        -fno-default-inline -fno-defer-pop 
        -fno-function-cse -fno-inline -fno-peephole 
        -fomit-frame-pointer -frerun-cse-after-loop 
        -fschedule-insns -fschedule-insns2 
        -fstrength-reduce -fthread-jumps -funroll-all-loops 
        -funroll-loops -O -O2 

  预处理选项 
        -Aassertion -C -dD -dM -dN -Dmacro[=defn] -E -H 
        -idirafter dir -include file -imacros file -iprefix 
        file -iwithprefix dir -M -MD -MM -MMD -nostdinc -P 
        -Umacro -undef 

  汇编程序选项 
        -Wa,option 

  连结程序选项 
        -llibrary -nostartfiles -nostdlib -static -shared 
        -symbolic -Xlinker option -Wl,option -u symbol 

  目录选项 
        -Bprefix -Idir -I- -Ldir 

  Target Options 
        -b  machine -V version 

  与机器(平台)相关的选项 
        M680x0 Options 
        -m68000 -m68020 -m68020-40 -m68030 -m68040 -m68881 
        -mbitfield -mc68000 -mc68020 -mfpa -mnobitfield 
        -mrtd -mshort -msoft-float 

        VAX Options 
        -mg -mgnu -munix 

        SPARC Options 
        -mepilogue -mfpu -mhard-float -mno-fpu 
        -mno-epilogue -msoft-float -msparclite -mv8 
        -msupersparc -mcypress 

        Convex Options 
        -margcount -mc1 -mc2 -mnoargcount 

        AMD29K Options 
        -m29000 -m29050 -mbw -mdw -mkernel-registers 
        -mlarge -mnbw -mnodw -msmall -mstack-check 
        -muser-registers 

        M88K Options 
        -m88000 -m88100 -m88110 -mbig-pic 
        -mcheck-zero-division -mhandle-large-shift 
        -midentify-revision -mno-check-zero-division 
        -mno-ocs-debug-info -mno-ocs-frame-position 
        -mno-optimize-arg-area -mno-serialize-volatile 
        -mno-underscores -mocs-debug-info 
        -mocs-frame-position -moptimize-arg-area 
        -mserialize-volatile -mshort-data-num -msvr3 -msvr4 
        -mtrap-large-shift -muse-div-instruction 
        -mversion-03.00 -mwarn-passed-structs 

        RS6000 Options 
        -mfp-in-toc -mno-fop-in-toc 

        RT Options 
        -mcall-lib-mul -mfp-arg-in-fpregs -mfp-arg-in-gregs 
        -mfull-fp-blocks -mhc-struct-return -min-line-mul 
        -mminimum-fp-blocks -mnohc-struct-return 

        MIPS Options 
        -mcpu=cpu type -mips2 -mips3 -mint64 -mlong64 
        -mlonglong128 -mmips-as -mgas -mrnames -mno-rnames 
        -mgpopt -mno-gpopt -mstats -mno-stats -mmemcpy 
        -mno-memcpy -mno-mips-tfile -mmips-tfile 
        -msoft-float -mhard-float -mabicalls -mno-abicalls 
        -mhalf-pic -mno-half-pic -G num -nocpp 

        i386 Options 
        -m486 -mno-486 -msoft-float -mno-fp-ret-in-387 

        HPPA Options 
        -mpa-risc-1-0 -mpa-risc-1-1 -mkernel -mshared-libs 
        -mno-shared-libs -mlong-calls -mdisable-fpregs 
        -mdisable-indexing -mtrailing-colon 

        i960 Options 
        -mcpu-type -mnumerics -msoft-float 
        -mleaf-procedures -mno-leaf-procedures -mtail-call 
        -mno-tail-call -mcomplex-addr -mno-complex-addr 
        -mcode-align -mno-code-align -mic-compat 
        -mic2.0-compat -mic3.0-compat -masm-compat 
        -mintel-asm -mstrict-align -mno-strict-align 
        -mold-align -mno-old-align 

        DEC Alpha Options 
        -mfp-regs -mno-fp-regs -mno-soft-float -msoft-float 

        System V Options 
        -G -Qy -Qn -YP,paths -Ym,dir 

  Code Generation Options 
        -fcall-saved-reg -fcall-used-reg -ffixed-reg 
        -finhibit-size-directive -fnonnull-objects 
        -fno-common -fno-ident -fno-gnu-linker 
        -fpcc-struct-return -fpic -fPIC 
        -freg-struct-returno -fshared-data -fshort-enums 
        -fshort-double -fvolatile -fvolatile-global 
        -fverbose-asm 

PRAGMAS 
  Two  `#pragma'  directives  are  supported for GNU C++, to 
  permit using the same header file for two purposes:  as  a 
  definition  of  interfaces to a given object class, and as 
  the full definition of the contents of that object  class. 

  #pragma interface 
        (C++  only.)   Use  this  directive in header files 
        that define object classes, to save space  in  most 
        of  the  object files that use those classes.  Nor- 
        mally, local copies of certain information  (backup 
        copies of inline member functions, debugging infor- 
        mation, and the internal tables that implement vir- 
        tual  functions)  must  be kept in each object file 
        that includes class definitions.  You can use  this 
        pragma  to  avoid  such duplication.  When a header 
        file containing `#pragma interface' is included  in 
        a  compilation, this auxiliary information will not 
        be generated (unless the main input source file it- 
        self  uses `#pragma implementation').  Instead, the 
        object files will contain references to be resolved 
        at link time. 

  #pragma implementation 

  #pragma implementation "objects.h" 
        (C++  only.)  Use this pragma in a main input file, 
        when you want  full  output  from  included  header 
        files  to be generated (and made globally visible). 
        The included  header  file,  in  turn,  should  use 
        `#pragma  interface'.  Backup copies of inline mem- 
        ber functions, debugging information, and  the  in- 
        ternal  tables  used to implement virtual functions 
        are all generated in implementation files. 

        If you use `#pragma implementation' with  no  argu- 
        ment,  it  applies to an include file with the same 
        basename as  your  source  file;  for  example,  in 
        `allclass.cc',  `#pragma  implementation' by itself 
        is   equivalent  to  `#pragma  implementation 
        "allclass.h"'.  Use the string argument if you want 
        a single implementation file to include  code  from 
        multiple header files. 

        There  is no way to split up the contents of a sin- 
        gle header file into multiple implementation files. 

文件说明 
  file.c       C source file 
  file.h       C header (preprocessor) file 
  file.i       经预处理过的 C source file 
  file.C       C++ source file 
  file.cc      C++ source file 
  file.cxx    C++ source file 
  file.m       Objective-C source file 
  file.s       assembly language file 
  file.o       object file 
  a.out        link edited output 
  TMPDIR/cc*     temporary files 
  LIBDIR/cpp     preprocessor 
  LIBDIR/cc1     compiler for C 
  LIBDIR/cc1plus   compiler for C++ 
  LIBDIR/collect   linker front end needed on some machines 
  LIBDIR/libgcc.a  GCC subroutine library 
  /lib/crt[01n].o  start-up routine 
  LIBDIR/ccrt0  additional start-up routine for C++ 
  /lib/libc.a    standard C library, 参阅 man page intro(3) 
  /usr/include  standard directory for #include files 
  LIBDIR/include   standard gcc directory for #include files 
  LIBDIR/g++-include additional g++ directory for #include 

  LIBDIR is usually /usr/local/lib/machine/version. 
  TMPDIR comes from the environment variable TMPDIR (default 
  /usr/tmp if available, else /tmp). 


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