dos深层.txt

DOS命令全集详细解释,对于想提高DOS使用水平的人来说,是不错的选择

    Directs EMM386 to display status and error messages while loading. By  default, EMM386 displays messages only if it encounters an error  condition. You can abbreviate VERBOSE as V. (To display status messages  without adding the VERBOSE switch, press and hold the ALT key while  EMM386 starts and loads.)

WIN=mmmm-nnnn

    Reserves a specified range of segment addresses for Windows instead of  for EMM386. Valid values for mmmm and nnnn are in the range A000h  through FFFFh and are rounded down to the nearest 4-kilobyte boundary.   The X switch takes precedence over the WIN switch if the two ranges  overlap. The WIN switch takes precedence over the RAM, ROM, and I  switches if their ranges overlap.

[NOHI]

    Prevents EMM386 from loading into the upper memory area. Normally, a  portion of EMM386 is loaded into upper memory. Specifying this switch  decreases available conventional memory and increases the upper memory area available for UMBs.

[ROM=mmmm-nnnn]

    Specifies a range of segment addresses that EMM386 uses for shadow  RAM--random-access memory used for read-only memory (ROM). Valid values  for mmmm and nnnn are in the range A000h through FFFFh and are rounded  down to the nearest 4-kilobyte boundary. Specifying this switch may  speed up your system if it does not already have shadow RAM.

[NOMOVEXBDA]

    Prevents EMM386 from moving the extended BIOS data from conventional  memory to upper memory.

[ALTBOOT]
    Specifies that EMM386 use an alternate handler to restart your computer  when you press CTRL+ALT+DEL. Use this switch only if your computer stops  responding or exhibits other unusual behavior when EMM386 is loaded and  you press CTRL+ALT+DEL.
EMM386.EXE--Examples

 

To start EMM386 as an expanded-memory emulator, using the default values, add the following lines to your CONFIG.SYS file:

 

    device=himem.sys

    device=emm386.exe

 

Since no location is specified, MS-DOS searches for the EMM386.EXE file in the root directory of your startup drive.

 

To specify that EMM386 allocate a maximum of 4096K of memory and a guaranteed 256K of memory (the default value), and to specify that the EMM386.EXE file is located in the DOS directory on drive C, add the following line to your CONFIG.SYS file:

 

    device=c:\dos\emm386.exe 4096

 

To emulate expanded memory, specify the segment-base address D000h for the EMS page frame, and allocate 512K of memory to EMM386, use one of the following commands:

 

    device=emm386.exe 512 frame=d000

 

    device=emm386.exe 512 p0=d000 p1=d400 p2=d800 p3=dc00

 

Suppose that, in addition to specifying the conditions set in the preceding commands, you want to prevent EMM386 from using the segment addresses E000h through EC00h. To do this and to specify that EMM386 can use 127 handles, add the following line to your CONFIG.SYS file:

 

    device=emm386.exe 512 frame=d000 x=e000-ec00 h=127

 

To provide access to the upper memory area but not provide EMS/VCPI memory, add the following line to your CONFIG.SYS file:

 

    device=emm386.exe noems novcpi

 

To provide access to the upper memory area and provide EMS/VCPI memory, add the following line to your CONFIG.SYS file:

 
    device=emm386.exe ram
EMM386.EXE--Notes

 

Sharing XMS and EMS memory

 

EMM386 provides EMS/VCPI memory for programs that require it by converting XMS memory to EMS/VCPI memory. When it is loaded, EMM386 reserves the amount of memory specified by the MIN switch for use as EMS/VCPI memory (the default value is 256K). Once this amount of XMS memory is reserved, it is always available as EMS/VCPI memory and no longer available as XMS memory. EMM386 may be able to convert additional amounts of XMS memory to EMS/VCPI memory, up to the amount specified by the MEMORY parameter. EMM386 returns the additional amount back to XMS memory when it is no longer needed as

EMS/VCPI memory.

 

If you specify MIN=0, EMM386 does not reserve any XMS memory for use as EMS/VCPI memory. Instead, it converts XMS memory to EMS/VCPI memory only when a program requests it. This frees XMS memory when EMS/VCPI memory is not needed. However, EMM386 will not be able to supply the requested amount of EMS/VCPI memory if programs have allocated all the XMS memory at the time of the request.

 

Must install HIMEM.SYS before EMM386.EXE

 

You must include a DEVICE command for the HIMEM.SYS device driver in your CONFIG.SYS file before the DEVICE command for EMM386.EXE.

 

Using EMM386 memory switches

 

Unless you want to use EMM386 to provide access to the upper memory area, you need not specify memory switches on the DEVICE command line. EMM386 usually runs properly with the default values. In some cases, however, you might want to control how EMM386 uses memory. For example, you can control where EMM386 puts the EMS page frame or which segments it uses for EMS pages. You can use as many of these memory switches as you want, in any order you want.

 

CAUTION:  Use EMM386.EXE parameters carefully. You can make your computer           inoperable if you use them incorrectly.

 

Using EMM386 to provide access to the upper memory area

 

In addition to providing access to expanded memory, EMM386 provides access to the upper memory area, which you can use to load certain programs and device drivers. You must use either the RAM or NOEMS switch to provide access to the upper memory area.

 

To give MS-DOS access to the upper memory area but not to expanded memory, use the NOEMS switch. To give MS-DOS access to both the upper memory area and expanded memory, use the RAM switch. The RAM switch provides access to less of the upper memory area for running device drivers and programs than does the NOEMS switch. In either case, you must include the DOS=UMB command in your CONFIG.SYS file. The device command for EMM386.EXE must precede any DEVICEHIGH commands.

 

Using EMM386 with Windows 3.1

 

When EMM386 is used with Windows 3.1, the I, X, NOEMS, Mx, Pnnnn, and  FRAME

switches have precedence over the EMMINCLUDE, EMMEXCLUDE, and  MMPAGEFRAME

settings in the Windows SYSTEM.INI file. Changes to these settings in the SYSTEM.INI file have no effect when EMM386 is loaded.

 

SMARTDRV double buffering may be required to use EMM386

 

If you have a small computer system interface (SCSI) or enhanced system device interface (ESDI) hard disk or other device, you may have to add the following line to your CONFIG.SYS file:

 

    device=smartdrv.exe /double_buffer

 

Add the line before any DEVICEHIGH statements and before any statements that load installable device drivers that use expanded memory. The statement enables an SCSI or EDSI controller to transfer information to programs that use the upper memory area or expanded memory.

HIMEM.SYS和EMM386.EXE

　　DOS只能直接使用640KB的内存，即基本内存，必须依X其他内存管理程序来使用更多的内存，这两条命令就是最常用的内存管理程序。

　　其中640KB到1MB之间的内存被称为高端内存，是系统保留使用的。1MB以上的内存成为扩展内存，HIMEM.SYS就是负责管理扩展内存的。

　　EMM386.EXE负责管理高端内存并在扩展内存中模拟扩充内存供某些软件使用。

　　因此为了使用更多的内存，配置文件中应有以下指令。

　　DEVICE=C:＼DOS＼HIMEM.SYS

　　DEVICE=C:＼DOS＼EMM386.EXE RAM
　　需要注意的是：EMM386.EXE必须要求先安装HIMEM.SYS，因而必须确保安装HIMEM.SYS的配置命令在EMM386.EXE之前。

一、DIR 命令的格式： 
dir [D:][PATH][NAME][[/A][:attrib]][/o:[sorted][/s][/b][/l][/c[h] 

(1)dir /a:attrib 缺省包含所有文件(系统文件.隐含文件) 

attrib[:][h/-h]只显示隐含文件或非隐含文件. 

[r/-r]只显示只读文件或非只读文件 

[s/-s]只显示系统文件或非系统文件 

[a/-a]只显示要归档文件或非归档文件 

(2)/o[:]sorted:缺省完全按字母顺序,子目录显示在文件之前 

/o[n/-n]:按字母顺序或按文件名顺序/反向显示 

[e/-e]:按扩展名字母顺序/反向显示 

[d/-d]:按时间顺序/反向显示 

[s/-s]:按大小从大到小或/反向显示 

[g/-g]:按子目录先于文件或文件先于子目录 

(3)/s 参数:对当前目录及其子目录中所有文件进行列表 

列名ir /s/a/o:n c:\>PRN 

将c盘上的所有子目录和文件按隶属关系并根据子目录和文件字母顺序打印输出 

(4)/B 参数:将只显示文件名与扩展名 

(5)/L 参数:将全部用小写字母对文件或子目录进行列表 

训练: 

dir /a 列当前目录所有文件(含隐含及系统文件) 

dir /ah 列隐含文件(包含子目录(隐含的) dir /a-h 

dir /as 列系统文件 dir /a-s 

dir /ad 列子目录 dir /a-d 

dir /o 按字母顺序 

dir /B 只显示文件名与扩展名 

二、attrib [+r|-r] [+a|-a] [+s|-s] [+h|-h] [d: ] [name] [/s] 

缺省 attrib name 显示文件的(文件)属性 

attrib io.sys (或子目录) 

shr c:\ io.sys 指定为系统(s) 隐含(h) 只读(r)文件 

也可以attrib *.sys 显示扩展名为sys的文件属性 

参数 [+r|-r] 将文件属性设置或解除 只读属性 

[+a|-a] 将文件属性设置或解除 归档属性 

[+h|-h] 将文件属性设置或解除 隐含属性 (尤其对子目录也起作用) 

/s 参数 将当前及当前子目录下的所有文件均起作用 

可以用来查找文件 

例子: 

attrib news86 列news86的文档属性 

attrib +r report.txt 设置为只读 attrib -s -h record.txt 

attrib +a a:*.* 

attrib -a a:*.bak 

xcopy a: b: /a 将A盘上的所有标志为"归档"属性的文件拷到B盘 

xcopy a: b: /m 将A盘上的所有文件拷到B盘后并移去归档属性 

　 

三、cd 介绍: cd...返回上二级目录 "."代表当前目录 "."代表父目录 

cd ..\..返回到上级目录的父目录(祖目录) 

cd A:\ 将A盘的当前目录改为根目录 

cd A:\xx 将A盘的当前目录改为子目录xx下 

cd ..\98 先返回父目录,再进入父目录下的98子目录 

cd ..返回到父目录 

cd\98 进入根目录下的98子目录 

　 

四、copy [/y][/-y][/v][ /B] 

copy /y 不加提示,对所有文件加以覆盖 

/-y 加以提示,对所有文件 (yes或no提问 ) 

/v 拷贝以后加以校验 

/B 按二进制进行显示 

copy w1.wps con/b 可以将wps文件在屏幕上显示,而不必进入wps状态 

copy ..\98 将父目录下的98子目录下的所有文件全拷到当前子目录 

copy .\97 当当前目录下的97子目录下文件全部拷到当前目录 

copy . c:\ 将当前目录下的所有文件拷到c盘根目录 

. 意味着 *.* 文件 

copy nul a.abc 将a.abc 文件清空(文件长度改为0) 

copy 文件名+con 向文本文件中追加命令或内容 

copy con 文件名 创建文本文件(F6存盘退出) 

copy con prn 检测打印机的开关 

　 

五、xcopy命令 

xcopy [source] [date] [/p] [/s] [/e] [/v] [/y]