dos深层.txt

DOS命令全集详细解释,对于想提高DOS使用水平的人来说,是不错的选择

[原　　因]  没有足够内存来处理用户所输入的命令，一般指基本内存。  

[对　　策]  应删去一些内存驻留的文件或对内存做优化管理。还可以给系统增加更多的内存,以适应应用程序。  

[英文提示]  Invalid directory  

[中　　文]  非法目录  

[原　　因]  输入了无效的目录名或不存在的目录名。  

[对　　策]  检查目录的拼法。  

[英文提示]  Invalid Drive Specification  

[中　　文]  无效的驱动器定义  

[原　　因]  根本没有这个驱动器，可能是拼写错误。若是不能指定光驱，可能是没有安装驱动程序。  

[对　　策]  重新安装光驱。  

[英文提示]  Invalid filename or file not found  

[中　　文]  无效的文件名或文件未找到  

[原　　因]  输入的文件名包含了无效字符或通配符，或者将保留设备名用作文件名。  

[对　　策]  利用不同的文件名试试。  

[英文提示]  Invalid Media,track 0 Bad or Unusable  

[中　　文]  无效的格式，0磁道损坏或不可用  

[原　　因]  一般是磁盘损坏。  

[对　　策]  更换磁盘。  

[英文提示]  Invalid parameter  

[中　　文]  无效的参数  

[原　　因]  在命令行中没有指定正确的参数、或者有重复、禁止的 参数。  

[对　　策]  检查命令输入时的拼写或语法。  

[英文提示]  Invalid partition table  

[中　　文]  无效的分区表  

[原　　因]  硬盘分区信息中有错误。  

[对　　策]  应备份所能找到的数据，运行Fdisk来重新设置硬盘分区。  


[英文提示]  Invalid path,not directory,or directory not empty  
[中　　文]  无效的路径，非目录，或目录非空  

[原　　因]  系统不能定位指定的目录，或者用户输入了文件名来代替目录名，或者目录中包含文件（或子目录），不能被删除。  

[对　　策]  检查目录名的拼法，如果目录为空，那么它可能包含隐含文件，使用Dir/ah命令来显示任何可能的隐含文件,用attrib改变属性，删除之。  

[英文提示]  Invalid syntax  

[中　　文]  无效的语法  

[原　　因]  系统不能处理用户输入的语法格式。  

[对　　策]  应查阅正确的文件格式再试试。  

[英文提示]  No fixed disk Present  

[中　　文]  没有硬盘  

[原　　因]  系统不能检测到硬盘的存在。  

[对　　策]  应检查设置的驱动器类参数，如果不能解决这个问题，那么送去修理。  

[英文提示]  Non-System Disk or Disk Error  

[中　　文]  非系统盘或磁盘错误  

[原　　因]  系统在当前盘中找不到系统文件。  

[对　　策]  应插入包含系统文件的磁盘，或者重新引导计算机。  

[英文提示]  Not enough memory  

[中　　文]  内存不足  

[原　　因]  见Insufficient memory  

[对　　策]   

[英文提示]  NOT READY,READING DRIVE X  

[中　　文]  驱动器X未准备好  

[原　　因]  在指定的驱动器中没有盘或门没关。  

[对　　策]  插入磁盘到指定驱动器或关上驱动器门。  

[英文提示]  Program too big to fit in memory  

[中　　文]  重新太大不能载入内存  

[原　　因]  见Insufficient memory  

[对　　策]   

[英文提示]  Required Parameter missing  

[中　　文]  缺少必要的参数  

[原　　因]  见Invalid Parameter  

[对　　策]   

[英文提示]  Too many open files  

[中　　文]  打开的文件太多  

[原　　因]  超过系统规定的打开文件数目。  

[对　　策]  应在Config.sys文件中用Files命令增加最大数目，并重新引导计算机。  

[英文提示]  Unrecognized command in CONFIG.SYS  

[中　　文]  config.sys中有不可辨认的命令  

[原　　因]  在引导系统时，不能识别Config.sys文件中的命令  

[对　　策]  应编辑config.sys文件，修正无效的行。  

[英文提示]  Write fault error  

[中　　文]  写失败错误  

[原　　因]  系统不能在磁盘上写数据。  

[对　　策]  将磁盘取下再重新插好试试,仍然不行则运行Chkdsk或Scandisk，如磁盘不能恢复，扔掉它。  

[英文提示]  Write protect error  

[中　　文]  写保护错误  

[原　　因]  磁盘上有写保护  

[对　　策]  取下磁盘，去掉写保护，再试试。 



       DOS环境下的大部分程序都是在常规内存中运行，如果某个程序由于内存不够而运行失败，最常见的问题就是常规内存不足。下面介绍几种常用的释放常规内存的方法： 

　　一、当系统配置有扩展内存时，可以将DOS的大部分代码和Command.com的暂驻内存部分安装在高内存区(HMA)。 这要求在config.sys中包含有下述命令： 　　　　 

　　 device=Himem.sys 

　　 dos=high 

　　虽然Himem.sys本身也要占用少量的常规内存，但可以使用HMA将为我们节省出更多的常规内存。 

　　二、精简config.sys和autoexec.bat文件的内容，不启动那些不必要的内存驻留程序，这些内存驻留程序往往占用很多常规内存。 

　　如果config.sys文件中含有安装smartdrv.exe或ramdrive.sys的device命令，可以取消它们以节省常规内存。特别是smartdrv.exe要使用大量的常规内存。如果一定要使用ramdrive.sys，应保证RAM盘建在扩展内存中，而不是在常规内存中。 

　　如果config.sys文件含有buffers命令，应减少buffers指定的磁盘缓冲区数目，每一个缓冲区会占用532个字节的常规内存。但是过多地减少盘缓冲区的个数会造成一些程序不能正常运行，一般buffers不宜小于15。 

　　如果config.sys文件中包含lastdriver命令，取消该命令或将lastdriver设成J或K，而不要设成Z。因为DOS为每个允许访问的逻辑驱动器在内存中建立一个对应的管理块CDS，每个CDS大约占用80多个字节的常规内存。 

　　config.sys文件中的device和devicehigh命令的次序是很重要的，它将影响内存的有效使用和config.sys启动时的一系列程序的正确运行。在config.sys文件中最好按以下次序安装设备驱动程序： 　　 1 Himem.sys; 　　 2 使用扩展内存的的设备驱动程序; 　　 3 emm386.exe，如果使用emm386仿真扩充内存并提供对高内存块(UMBs)的存取功能，那么EMM386命令行应包括RAM开关而不用NOEMS。NOEMS禁止emm386.exe仿真扩充内存，但它为安装设备驱动程序和运行其它程序提供最大的可用高内存块。　 4 使用扩充内存的的设备驱动程序; 　 5 使用高内存块(UMBs)的设备驱动程序。 

　　对于autoexec.bat，我们的建议是：去掉用户不需要的那些内存驻留程序；如果只在Windows中使用鼠标，不要安装任何鼠标设备驱动程序，比如mouse.com，因为Windows有一个内置的鼠标设备驱动程序。 
　　三、尽可能地在高端内存区(UMB)中安装设备驱动程序和运行其它的内存驻留程序。
Provides access to the upper memory area and uses extended memory to

simulate expanded memory. This device driver must be loaded by a <DEVICE>

command in your CONFIG.SYS file and can be used only on computers with an

80386 or higher processor.

EMM386 uses extended memory to simulate expanded memory for programs that

can use expanded memory. EMM386 also makes it possible to load programs and

device drivers into upper memory blocks (UMBs).

Syntax

    DEVICE=[drive:][path]EMM386.EXE [ON|OFF|AUTO] [memory] [MIN=size]

    [W=ON|W=OFF] [Mx|FRAME=address|/Pmmmm] [Pn=address] [X=mmmm-nnnn]

    [I=mmmm-nnnn] [B=address] [L=minXMS] [A=altregs] [H=handles] [D=nnn]

    [RAM=mmmm-nnnn] [NOEMS] [NOVCPI] [HIGHSCAN] [VERBOSE] [WIN=mmmm-nnnn]

    [NOHI] [ROM=mmmm-nnnn] [NOMOVEXBDA] [ALTBOOT]

Parameters

[drive:][path]

    Specifies the location of the EMM386.EXE file.

[ON|OFF|AUTO]

    Activates the EMM386 device driver (if set to ON), or suspends the    EMM386 device driver (if set to OFF), or places the EMM386 device driver   in auto mode (if set to AUTO). Auto mode enables expanded-memory support   and upper memory block support only when a program calls for it. The  default value is ON. Use the EMM386 command to change this value after  EMM386 has started.

memory

    Specifies the maximum amount of extended memory (in kilobytes) that you  want EMM386 to provide as expanded/Virtual Control Program Interface  (EMS/VCPI) memory. This amount is in addition to the memory used for  UMBs and EMM386 itself. Values for memory are in the range 64 through  the lesser of either 32768 or the amount of extended memory available  when EMM386 is loaded. The default value is the amount of free extended  memory. If you specify the NOEMS switch, the default value is 0. EMM386  rounds the value down to the nearest multiple of 16.

Switches

MIN=size

    Specifies the minimum amount of EMS/VCPI memory (in kilobytes) that   EMM386 will provide, if that amount of memory is available. EMM386  reserves this amount of extended memory for use as EMS/VCPI memory when  EMM386 is loaded by the DEVICE=EMM386.EXE command in your CONFIG.SYS file. EMM386 may be able to provide additional EMS/VCPI memory (up to  the amount specified by the MEMORY parameter) if sufficient XMS memory  is available when a program requests EMS/VCPI memory. Values are in the  range 0 through the value specified by the MEMORY parameter. The default  value is 256. If you specify the NOEMS switch, the default value is 0.  If the value of MIN is greater than the value of MEMORY, EMM386 uses the  value specified by MIN.

W=ON|W=OFF

    Enables or disables support for the Weitek coprocessor. The default setting is W=OFF.

Mx

    Specifies the address of the page frame. Valid values for x are in the range 1 through 14. The following list shows each value and its associated base address in hexadecimal format:

            1 => C000h    8 => DC00h

            2 => C400h    9 => E000h

            3 => C800h    10 => 8000h

            4 => CC00h    11 => 8400h

            5 => D000h    12 => 8800h

            6 => D400h    13 => 8C00h

            7 => D800h    14 => 9000h

    Values in the range 10 through 14 should be used only on computers that  have 512K of memory.

FRAME=address

    Specifies the page-frame segment base directly. To specify a specific  segment-base address for the page frame, use the FRAME switch and  specify the address you want. Valid values for address are in the ranges  8000h through 9000h and C000h through E000h, in increments of 400h. To  provide expanded memory and disable the page frame, you can specify  FRAME=NONE; however, this may cause some programs that require expanded  memory to work improperly.

/Pmmmm

    Specifies the address of the page frame. Valid values for mmmm are in  the ranges 8000h through 9000h and C000h through E000h, in increments of  400h.

Pn=address

    Specifies the segment address of a specific page, where n is the number  of the page you are specifying and address is the segment address you  want. Valid values for n are in the range 0 through 255. Valid values for address are in the ranges 8000h through 9C00h and C000h through  EC00h, in increments of 400h. The addresses for pages 0 through 3 must

    be contiguous in order to maintain compatibility with version 3.2 of the  Lotus/Intel/Microsoft Expanded Memory Specification (LIM EMS). If you  use the Mx switch, the FRAME switch, or the /Pmmmm switch, you cannot  specify the addresses for pages 0 through 3 for the /Pmmmm switch.

X=mmmm-nnnn

    Prevents EMM386 from using a particular range of segment addresses for  an EMS page or for UMBs. Valid values for mmmm and nnnn are in the range  A000h through FFFFh and are rounded down to the nearest 4-kilobyte  boundary. The X switch takes precedence over the I switch if the two  ranges overlap.

I=mmmm-nnnn

    Specifies a range of segment addresses to be used (included) for an EMS  page or for UMBs. Valid values for mmmm and nnnn are in the range A000h  through FFFFh and are rounded down to the nearest 4-kilobyte boundary.  The X switch takes precedence over the I switch if the two ranges overlap.

B=address

    Specifies the lowest segment address available for EMS "banking"  (swapping of 16-kilobyte pages). Valid values are in the range 1000h  through 4000h. The default value is 4000h.

l=minXMS

    Ensures that the specified amount (in kilobytes) of extended memory will  still be available after EMM386 is loaded. The default value is 0.

A=altregs

    Specifies how many fast alternate register sets (used for multitasking)  you want to allocate to EMM386. Valid values are in the range 0 through 254. The default value is 7. Every alternate register set adds about 200 bytes to the size in memory of EMM386.

H=handles

    Specifies how many handles EMM386 can use. Valid values are in the range 2 through 255. The default value is 64.

D=nnn

    Specifies how many kilobytes of memory should be reserved for buffered  direct memory access (DMA). Discounting floppy-disk DMA, this value  should reflect the largest DMA transfer that will occur while EMM386 is  active. Valid values for nnn are in the range 16 through 256. The   default value is 32.

RAM=mmmm-nnnn

    Specifies a range of segment addresses to be used for UMBs and also  enables EMS support. If you do not specify a range, EMM386 uses all   available adapter space to create UMBs and a page frame for EMS.

NOEMS

    Provides access to the upper memory area but prevents access to expanded  memory.

NOVCPI

    Disables support for VCPI applications. This switch must be used with  the NOEMS switch. If you specify the NOVCPI switch without specifying  the NOEMS switch, EMM386 does not disable VCPI support. If you specify  both switches, EMM386 disregards the MEMORY parameter and the MIN  switch. Disabling support for VCPI applications reduces the amount of  extended memory allocated.

HIGHSCAN

    Specifies that EMM386 use an additional check to determine the availablity of upper memory for use as UMBs or EMS windows. On some  computers, specifying this switch may have no effect or cause EMM386 to  identify upper memory areas as available when they are not. As a  result, your computer might stop responding.

VERBOSE