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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Object-Oriented Design</TITLE></HEAD><BODY bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <a href="../index.html" target="_top"><img src="../icons/usins.gif" alt="Logo" align=right></a><b>Data Structures and Algorithms with Object-Oriented Design Patterns in Python</b><br><A NAME="tex2html1338" HREF="page13.html"><IMG WIDTH=37 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="next" SRC="../icons/next_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME="tex2html1336" HREF="page10.html"><IMG WIDTH=26 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="up" SRC="../icons/up_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME="tex2html1330" HREF="page11.html"><IMG WIDTH=63 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="previous" SRC="../icons/previous_motif.gif"></A>  <A NAME="tex2html1340" HREF="page611.html"><IMG WIDTH=43 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="index" SRC="../icons/index_motif.gif"></A> <BR><HR><H1><A NAME="SECTION001200000000000000000">Object-Oriented Design</A></H1><P>Traditional approaches to the design of softwarehave been either <em>data oriented</em> or <em>process oriented</em>.Data-oriented methodologies emphasize the representationof information and the relationships between the parts of the whole.The actions which operate on the data are of less significance.On the other hand,process-oriented design methodologies emphasizethe actions performed by a software artifact;the data are of lesser importance.<P>It is now commonly held that <em>object-oriented</em> methodologiesare more effective for managing the complexity which arisesin the design of large and complex software artifactsthan either data-oriented or process-oriented methodologies.This is because data and processes are given equal importance.<em>Objects</em> are used to combine datawith the procedures that operate on that data.The main advantage of using objects is that they provideboth <em>abstraction</em> and <em>encapsulation</em>.<P><BR> <HR><UL> <LI> <A NAME="tex2html1341" HREF="page13.html#SECTION001201000000000000000">Abstraction</A><LI> <A NAME="tex2html1342" HREF="page14.html#SECTION001202000000000000000">Encapsulation</A></UL><HR><A NAME="tex2html1338" HREF="page13.html"><IMG WIDTH=37 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="next" SRC="../icons/next_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME="tex2html1336" HREF="page10.html"><IMG WIDTH=26 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="up" SRC="../icons/up_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME="tex2html1330" HREF="page11.html"><IMG WIDTH=63 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="previous" SRC="../icons/previous_motif.gif"></A>  <A NAME="tex2html1340" HREF="page611.html"><IMG WIDTH=43 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="index" SRC="../icons/index_motif.gif"></A> <P><ADDRESS><img src="../icons/bruno.gif" alt="Bruno" align=right><a href="../copyright.html">Copyright &#169; 2003</a> by <a href="../signature.html">Bruno R. Preiss, P.Eng.</a>  All rights reserved.</ADDRESS></BODY></HTML>

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