📄 matlib hand book in chinese.htm
字号:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>会直接显示</span><span
lang=EN-US>x</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的值。由上例可知,</span><span
lang=EN-US>MATLAB</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>认识所有一般常用到的加(</span><span
lang=EN-US>+</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>)、减(</span><span
lang=EN-US><br>
-</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>)、乘(</span><span
lang=EN-US>*</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>)、除(</span><span
lang=EN-US>/</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>)的数学运算符号,以及<span
class=GramE>幂</span>次运算(</span><span
lang=EN-US>^</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>)。</span><span
lang=EN-US> <br>
</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>小提示:</span><span
lang=EN-US> MATLAB</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>将所有变数均存成</span><span
lang=EN-US>double</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的形式,所以不需经过变数宣告(</span><span
lang=EN-US>Variable <br>
declaration</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>)。</span><span
lang=EN-US>MATLAB</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>同时也会自动进行记忆体的使用和回收,而不必像</span><span
lang=EN-US>C</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>语言,必须由</span><span
lang=EN-US><br>
</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>使用者一一指定。这些功能使的</span><span
lang=EN-US>MATLAB</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>易学易用,使用者可专心致力<span
class=GramE>於</span>撰写程式,而不必</span><span
lang=EN-US><br>
</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>被软体枝节问题所干扰。</span><span
lang=EN-US> <br>
<br>
</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>若不想让</span><span
lang=EN-US>MATLAB</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>每次都显示运算结果,只需在运算式最<span
class=GramE>後</span>加上分号(;)即可,如下例:</span><span
lang=EN-US><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
y = sin(10)*exp(-0.3*4^2); <br>
<br>
<br>
</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>若要显示变数</span><span
lang=EN-US>y</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的值,直接键入</span><span
lang=EN-US>y</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>即可:</span><span
lang=EN-US> <br>
<br>
<br>
>>y <br>
<br>
y = <br>
<br>
-0.0045 <br>
<br>
<br>
</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>在上例中,</span><span
lang=EN-US>sin</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>是正弦函数,</span><span
lang=EN-US>exp</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>是指数函数,这些都是</span><span
lang=EN-US>MATLAB</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>常用到的数学函数。下表即</span><span
lang=EN-US><br>
</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>为</span><span lang=EN-US>MATLAB</span><span
style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>常用的基本数学函数及三角函数:</span><span
lang=EN-US> <br>
</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>小整理:</span><span
lang=EN-US>MATLAB</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>常用的基本数学函数</span>
</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><gdptag matlib
tech ><br>
abs(x)</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>:<span class=GramE>纯量的</span>绝对值或向量的长度</span><span
lang=EN-US> <br>
angle(z)</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>:复数</span><span
lang=EN-US>z</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的相角</span><span
lang=EN-US>(Phase angle) <br>
sqrt(x)</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>:开平方</span><span
lang=EN-US> <br>
real(z)</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>:复数</span><span
lang=EN-US>z</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的实部</span><span
lang=EN-US> <br>
imag (z)</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>:复数</span><span
lang=EN-US>z</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的虚部</span><span
lang=EN-US> <br>
conj(z)</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>:复数</span><span
lang=EN-US>z</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的共轭复数</span><span
lang=EN-US> <br>
round(x)</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>:四舍五入至最近整数</span><span
lang=EN-US> <br>
fix(x)</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>:无论正负,舍去小数至最近整数</span><span
lang=EN-US> <br>
floor(x)</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>:地板函数,即舍去正小数至最近整数</span><span
lang=EN-US> <br>
ceil(x)</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>:天花板函数,即加入正小数至最近整数</span><span
lang=EN-US> <br>
rat(x)</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>:将实数</span><span
lang=EN-US>x</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>化为分数表示</span><span
lang=EN-US> <br>
rats(x)</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>:将实数</span><span
lang=EN-US>x</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>化为多项分数展开</span><span
lang=EN-US> <br>
sign(x)</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>:符号函数</span><span
lang=EN-US> (Signum function)</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>。</span><span
lang=EN-US> <br>
</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>当</span><span lang=EN-US>x<0</span><span
style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>时,</span><span lang=EN-US>sign(x)=-1</span><span
style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>;</span><span lang=EN-US> <br>
</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>当</span><span lang=EN-US>x=0</span><span
style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>时,</span><span lang=EN-US>sign(x)=0; <br>
</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>当</span><span lang=EN-US>x>0</span><span
style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>时,</span><span lang=EN-US>sign(x)=1</span><span
style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>。</span><span lang=EN-US> <br>
<br>
rem(x,y)</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>:求</span><span
lang=EN-US>x</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>除以</span><span
lang=EN-US>y</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的<span class=GramE>馀</span>数</span><span
lang=EN-US> <br>
gcd(x,y)</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>:整数</span><span
lang=EN-US>x</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>和</span><span lang=EN-US>y</span><span
style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>的最大公因数</span><span
lang=EN-US> <br>
lcm(x,y)</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>:整数</span><span
lang=EN-US>x</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>和</span><span lang=EN-US>y</span><span
style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>的最小公倍数</span><span
lang=EN-US> <br>
exp(x)</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>:自然指数</span><span
lang=EN-US><</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>图片</span><span
lang=EN-US>> <br>
pow2(x)</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>:</span><span lang=EN-US>2</span><span
style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>的指数</span><span lang=EN-US><</span><span
style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>图片</span><span lang=EN-US>> <br>
log(x)</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>:以</span><span
lang=EN-US>e</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>为底的对数,即自然对数或</span><span
lang=EN-US><</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>图片</span><span
lang=EN-US>> <br>
log2(x)</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>:以</span><span
lang=EN-US>2</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>为底的对数</span><span
lang=EN-US><</span><span style='font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>图片</span><span
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