📄 posix

📁 详细描述了线程的基本知识己在实际开发中的应用适合初学者的深入研究。
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<H1>[转载]Posix线程编程指南</H1></DIV>
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<P class=Web1 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14.25pt"><FONT 
face=宋体><FONT size=3><SPAN class=7><B><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #666666; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">线程创建与取消</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN 
class=7><B><SPAN lang=EN-US 
style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=Web1 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14.25pt"><B><SPAN 
lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p><FONT 
size=1>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal 
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" 
align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=Verdana>2001 </FONT></SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">年</SPAN><SPAN 
lang=EN-US><FONT face=Verdana> 10 </FONT></SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">月</SPAN><SPAN 
lang=EN-US><FONT face=Verdana> 01 </FONT></SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">日</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal 
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" 
align=left><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">这是一个关于</SPAN><SPAN 
lang=EN-US><FONT face=Verdana>Posix</FONT></SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">线程编程的专栏。作者在阐明概念的基础上，将向您详细讲述</SPAN><SPAN 
lang=EN-US><FONT face=Verdana>Posix</FONT></SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">线程库</SPAN><SPAN 
lang=EN-US><FONT face=Verdana>API</FONT></SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">。本文是第一篇将向您讲述线程的创建与取消。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal 
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" 
align=left><A name=1><B><SPAN 
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">线程创建</SPAN></B></A></P>
<P class=MsoNormal 
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align=left><A name=N10047><B><SPAN lang=EN-US 
style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">1</SPAN></B></A><SPAN 
style="mso-bookmark: N10047"><B><SPAN 
style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">．</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN 
style="mso-bookmark: N10047"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US 
style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">1 
</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: N10047"><B><SPAN 
style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">线程与进程</SPAN></B></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal 
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" 
align=left><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">相对进程而言，线程是一个更加接近于执行体的概念，它可以与同进程中的其他线程共享数据，但拥有自己的栈空间，拥有独立的执行序列。在串行程序基础上引入线程和进程是为了提高程序的并发度，从而提高程序运行效率和响应时间。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal 
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align=left><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">线程和进程在使用上各有优缺点：线程执行开销小，但不利于资源的管理和保护；而进程正相反。同时，线程适合于在</SPAN><SPAN 
lang=EN-US><FONT face=Verdana>SMP</FONT></SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">机器上运行，而进程则可以跨机器迁移。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal 
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" 
align=left><A name=N10053><B><SPAN lang=EN-US 
style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">1</SPAN></B></A><SPAN 
style="mso-bookmark: N10053"><B><SPAN 
style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">．</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN 
style="mso-bookmark: N10053"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US 
style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">2 
</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: N10053"><B><SPAN 
style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">创建线程</SPAN></B></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal 
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" 
align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=Verdana>POSIX</FONT></SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">通过</SPAN><SPAN 
lang=EN-US><FONT face=Verdana>pthread_create()</FONT></SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">函数创建线程，</SPAN><SPAN 
lang=EN-US><FONT face=Verdana>API</FONT></SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">定义如下：</SPAN></P>
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    style="PADDING-RIGHT: 3.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 3.75pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3.75pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 3.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #d4d0c8">
      <P class=MsoNormal 
      style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt" 
      align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US 
      style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Lucida Console'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">int<SPAN 
      style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>pthread_create(pthread_t<SPAN 
      style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>*<SPAN 
      style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>thread, pthread_attr_t * attr, 
      <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
      <P class=MsoNormal 
      style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt" 
      align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US 
      style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Lucida Console'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">void 
      * (*start_routine)(void *), void * arg)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US 
      style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Lucida Console'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P class=MsoNormal 
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" 
align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">与</SPAN><SPAN 
lang=EN-US><FONT face=Verdana>fork()</FONT></SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">调用创建一个进程的方法不同，</SPAN><SPAN 
lang=EN-US><FONT face=Verdana>pthread_create()</FONT></SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">创建的线程并不具备与主线程（即调用</SPAN><SPAN 
lang=EN-US><FONT face=Verdana>pthread_create()</FONT></SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">的线程）同样的执行序列，而是使其运行</SPAN><SPAN 
lang=EN-US><FONT face=Verdana>start_routine(arg)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">函数。</SPAN><SPAN 
lang=EN-US><FONT face=Verdana>thread</FONT></SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">返回创建的线程</SPAN><SPAN 
lang=EN-US><FONT face=Verdana>ID</FONT></SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">，而</SPAN><SPAN 
lang=EN-US><FONT face=Verdana>attr</FONT></SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">是创建线程时设置的线程属性（见下）。</SPAN><SPAN 
lang=EN-US><FONT face=Verdana>pthread_create()</FONT></SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">的返回值表示线程创建是否成功。尽管</SPAN><SPAN 
lang=EN-US><FONT face=Verdana>arg</FONT></SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">是</SPAN><SPAN 
lang=EN-US><FONT face=Verdana>void *</FONT></SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">类型的变量，但它同样可以作为任意类型的参数传给</SPAN><SPAN 
lang=EN-US><FONT face=Verdana>start_routine()</FONT></SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">函数；同时，</SPAN><SPAN 
lang=EN-US><FONT face=Verdana>start_routine()</FONT></SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">可以返回一个</SPAN><SPAN 
lang=EN-US><FONT face=Verdana>void *</FONT></SPAN><SPAN
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