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<html><head><title>Index: L</title></head><body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"><!-- START OF BODY --><!-- TOP BANNER --><p><img src="../gifs/smbanns.gif" usemap="#banner-map" border=0 alt="Book Home" ></a></p><map name="banner-map"><area alt="Learning Perl, 3rd. Ed." href="../index.htm" coords="1,-2,616,66" shape="rect"><area alt="Search this book" href="../jobjects/fsearch.htm" coords="629,-11,726,25" shape="rect"></map><!-- TOP INDEX LINKS --><p><a href="idx_0.htm">Symbols & Numbers</a>| <a href="idx_a.htm">A</a>| <a href="idx_b.htm">B</a>| <a href="idx_c.htm">C</a>| <a href="idx_d.htm">D</a>| <a href="idx_e.htm">E</a>| <a href="idx_f.htm">F</a>| <a href="idx_g.htm">G</a>| <a href="idx_h.htm">H</a>| <a href="idx_i.htm">I</a>| <a href="idx_j.htm">J</a>| <a href="idx_k.htm">K</a>| <a href="idx_l.htm">L</a>| <a href="idx_m.htm">M</a>| <a href="idx_n.htm">N</a>| <a href="idx_o.htm">O</a>| <a href="idx_p.htm">P</a>| <a href="idx_q.htm">Q</a>| <a href="idx_r.htm">R</a>| <a href="idx_s.htm">S</a>| <a href="idx_t.htm">T</a>| <a href="idx_u.htm">U</a>| <a href="idx_v.htm">V</a>| <a href="idx_w.htm">W</a>| <a href="idx_x.htm">X</a>| <a href="idx_y.htm">Y</a>| <a href="idx_z.htm">Z</a></FONT><!-- INDEX SECTION BODY --><H2>Index: L</H2><DL><!-- ========================== --><a name="labels"><dt>labels: <a href="../ch10_08.htm#INDEX-699">10.8.4. Labeled Blocks</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="large-numbers"><dt>large numbers: <a href="../appb_09.htm#INDEX-1227"> B.9.3. Large and High-Precision Numbers</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="Larry"><dt>Larry (see <a href="idx_w.htm#Wall-Larry">Wall, Larry</a>)</dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="last-found-occurrence-of-a-substring-rindex-function-for"><dt>last found occurrence of a substring, rindex function for: <a href="../ch15_01.htm#INDEX-995">15.1. Finding a Substring with index</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="last-operator"><dt>last operator: <a href="../ch10_08.htm#INDEX-684">10.8.1. The last Operator</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="leading-zero"><dt>leading zero: <a href="../ch02_02.htm#INDEX-126">2.2.4. Nondecimal Integer Literals</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="length-function"><dt>length function: <a href="../ch16_03.htm#INDEX-1057">16.3. Fixed-length Random-access Databases</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="less-than-sign-<-for-opening-files"><dt>less-than sign (<) for opening files: <a href="../ch11_02.htm#INDEX-745">11.2. Opening a Filehandle</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="lexical-variables"><dt>lexical variables: <a href="../ch04_06.htm#INDEX-337">4.6. Private Variables in Subroutines</a></dt><dd><dl> <dt><a href="../ch04_09.htm#INDEX-354">4.9. Notes on Lexical (my) Variables</a></dt></dl></dd><!-- ========================== --><a name="lexical-warnings"><dt>lexical warnings: <a href="../ch02_04.htm#INDEX-174">2.4. Perl's Built-in Warnings</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="lib-pragma"><dt>lib pragma: <a href="../appb_06.htm#INDEX-1184"> B.6.3. The lib Pragma</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="libraries"><dt>libraries: <a href="../appb_04.htm#INDEX-1138"> B.4.1. Libraries</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="licenses-for-Perl"><dt>licenses for Perl: <a href="../ch01_03.htm#INDEX-30">1.3. How Can I Get Perl?</a></dt><dd><dl> <a name="embedding-code-snippets-and"> <dt>embedding code snippets and: <a href="../appb_24.htm#INDEX-1307"> B.24. Embedding</a></dt> </dl></dd><!-- ========================== --><a name="line-input-operators"><dt>line-input operators: <a href="../ch02_08.htm#INDEX-239">2.8. Getting User Input</a></dt><dd><dl> <dt><a href="../ch02_08.htm#INDEX-240">2.8. Getting User Input</a></dt> <dt><a href="../ch06_02.htm#INDEX-439">6.2. Input from the Diamond Operator</a></dt> <dt><a href="../ch11_04.htm#INDEX-781">11.4. Using Filehandles</a></dt></dl></dd><!-- ========================== --><a name="line-number"><dt>line number</dt><dd><dl> <a name="die-function-and"> <dt>die function and: <a href="../ch11_03.htm#INDEX-766">11.3. Fatal Errors with die</a></dt> <a name="warn-function-and"> <dt>warn function and: <a href="../ch11_03.htm#INDEX-777">11.3.1. Warning Messages with warn</a></dt> </dl></dd><!-- ========================== --><a name="link-count"><dt>link count: <a href="../ch13_03.htm#INDEX-894">13.3. Links and Files</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="link-function"><dt>link function: <a href="../ch13_03.htm#INDEX-895">13.3. Links and Files</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="links"><dt>links: <a href="../ch13_03.htm#INDEX-886">13.3. Links and Files</a></dt><dd><dl> <a name="number-of-$nlink"> <dt>number of ($nlink): <a href="../ch11_06.htm#INDEX-811">11.6.1. The stat and lstat Functions</a></dt> </dl></dd><!-- ========================== --><a name="list-context"><dt>list context: <a href="../ch03_08.htm#INDEX-301">3.8. Scalar and List Context</a></dt><dd><dl> <a name="return-values-and"> <dt>return values and: <a href="../ch04_04.htm#INDEX-327">4.4. Return Values</a></dt> <a name="using-backquotes-in"> <dt>using backquotes in: <a href="../ch14_04.htm#INDEX-967">14.4.1. Using Backquotes in a List Context</a></dt> </dl></dd><!-- ========================== --><a name="list-literals"><dt>list literals: <a href="../ch03_03.htm#INDEX-268">3.3. List Literals</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="lists"><dt>lists: <a href="../ch03_01.htm#INDEX-259">3. Lists and Arrays </a></dt><dd><dl> <dt><a href="../appb_10.htm#INDEX-1231"> B.10. Lists and Arrays</a></dt> <a name="qw-shortcut-for"> <dt>qw shortcut for: <a href="../ch03_03.htm#INDEX-272">3.3.1. The qw Shortcut</a></dt> </dl></dd><!-- ========================== --><a name="literal-strings"><dt>literal strings (see <a href="idx_s.htm#string-literals">string literals</a>)</dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="literals"><dt>literals: <a href="../ch02_02.htm#INDEX-119">2.2.2. Floating-Point Literals</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="little-arrow-->"><dt>little arrow (->): <a href="../ch05_02.htm#INDEX-398">5.2.3. The Big Arrow</a></dt><dd><dl> <a name="in-method-names"> <dt>in method names: <a href="../ch13_08.htm#INDEX-943">13.8.3. The File::Spec Module</a></dt> </dl></dd><!-- ========================== --><a name="Llama-book"><dt>Llama book: <a href="../ch01_01.htm#INDEX-4">1. Introduction</a></dt><dd><dl> <dt><a href="../ch01_03.htm#INDEX-45">1.3.3. Are There Any Other Kinds of Support?</a></dt></dl></dd><!-- ========================== --><a name="local-operator"><dt>local operator: <a href="../ch04_07.htm#INDEX-343">4.7. The local Operator</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="locales"><dt>locales: <a href="../appb_30.htm#INDEX-1326"> B.30. Locales and Unicode</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="localtime-function"><dt>localtime function: <a href="../ch11_06.htm#INDEX-827">11.6.2. The localtime Function</a></dt><dd><dl> <a name="text-databases-and"> <dt>text databases and: <a href="../ch16_04.htm#INDEX-1066">16.4. Variable-length (Text) Databases</a></dt> </dl></dd><!-- ========================== --><a name="log-files-filehandles-and"><dt>log files, filehandles and: <a href="../ch11_02.htm#INDEX-748">11.2. Opening a Filehandle</a></dt><dd><dl> <dt><a href="../ch11_04.htm#INDEX-789">11.4.1. Changing the Default Output Filehandle</a></dt></dl></dd><!-- ========================== --><a name="logarithm"><dt>logarithm: <a href="../appb_09.htm#INDEX-1217"> B.9.1. Advanced Math Functions</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="logical-operators"><dt>logical operators: <a href="../ch10_09.htm#INDEX-702">10.9. Logical Operators</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="loop-blocks"><dt>loop blocks: <a href="../ch10_08.htm#INDEX-690">10.8.1. The last Operator</a></dt><dd><dl> <dt><a href="../ch10_08.htm#INDEX-695">10.8.2. The next Operator</a></dt> <a name="labels-for"> <dt>labels for: <a href="../ch10_08.htm#INDEX-698">10.8.4. Labeled Blocks</a></dt> </dl></dd><!-- ========================== --><a name="loop-controls"><dt>loop controls: <a href="../ch10_08.htm#INDEX-681">10.8. Loop Controls</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="loops"><dt>loops: <a href="../ch02_10.htm#INDEX-249">2.10. The while Control Structure</a></dt><dd><dl> <a name="endless-stopping"> <dt>endless, stopping: <a href="../ch02_10.htm#INDEX-244">2.10. The while Control Structure</a></dt> </dl></dd><!-- ========================== --><a name="low-level-programming-languages"><dt>low-level programming languages: <a href="../ch01_02.htm#INDEX-15">1.2.1. Why Didn't Larry Just Use Some Other Language?</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="lowercase"><dt>lowercase</dt><dd><dl> <a name="case-shifting-and"> <dt>case shifting and: <a href="../ch09_06.htm#INDEX-621">9.6.5. Case Shifting</a></dt> <a name="vs.-capitalization-in-variable-names"> <dt>vs. capitalization in variable names: <a href="../ch02_05.htm#INDEX-180">2.5.1. Choosing Good Variable Names</a></dt> </dl></dd><!-- ========================== --><a name="lstat-function"><dt>lstat function: <a href="../ch11_06.htm#INDEX-826">11.6.1. The stat and lstat Functions</a></dt><dd><dl> <a name="underscore-filehandle-and"> <dt>underscore filehandle and: <a href="../ch11_06.htm#INDEX-841">11.6.5. Using the Special Underscore Filehandle</a></dt> </dl></dd><!-- ========================== --><a name="LWP-module"><dt>LWP module: <a href="../appb_13.htm#INDEX-1255"> B.13.2. 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