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<html><head><title>Index: B</title></head><body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"><!-- START OF BODY --><!-- TOP BANNER --><p><img src="../gifs/smbanns.gif" usemap="#banner-map" border=0 alt="Book Home" ></a></p><map name="banner-map"><area alt="Learning Perl, 3rd. Ed." href="../index.htm" coords="1,-2,616,66" shape="rect"><area alt="Search this book" href="../jobjects/fsearch.htm" coords="629,-11,726,25" shape="rect"></map><!-- TOP INDEX LINKS --><p><a href="idx_0.htm">Symbols & Numbers</a>| <a href="idx_a.htm">A</a>| <a href="idx_b.htm">B</a>| <a href="idx_c.htm">C</a>| <a href="idx_d.htm">D</a>| <a href="idx_e.htm">E</a>| <a href="idx_f.htm">F</a>| <a href="idx_g.htm">G</a>| <a href="idx_h.htm">H</a>| <a href="idx_i.htm">I</a>| <a href="idx_j.htm">J</a>| <a href="idx_k.htm">K</a>| <a href="idx_l.htm">L</a>| <a href="idx_m.htm">M</a>| <a href="idx_n.htm">N</a>| <a href="idx_o.htm">O</a>| <a href="idx_p.htm">P</a>| <a href="idx_q.htm">Q</a>| <a href="idx_r.htm">R</a>| <a href="idx_s.htm">S</a>| <a href="idx_t.htm">T</a>| <a href="idx_u.htm">U</a>| <a href="idx_v.htm">V</a>| <a href="idx_w.htm">W</a>| <a href="idx_x.htm">X</a>| <a href="idx_y.htm">Y</a>| <a href="idx_z.htm">Z</a></FONT><!-- INDEX SECTION BODY --><H2>Index: B</H2><DL><!-- ========================== --><a name="backquotes-backticks-`-`"><dt>backquotes/backticks (` `)</dt><dd><dl> <a name="capturing-output-with"> <dt>capturing output with: <a href="../ch14_04.htm#INDEX-962">14.4. Using Backquotes to Capture Output</a></dt> <a name="enclosing-external-commands"> <dt>enclosing external commands: <a href="../ch01_05.htm#INDEX-105">1.5. A Whirlwind Tour of Perl</a></dt> </dl></dd><!-- ========================== --><a name="backreferences"><dt>backreferences: <a href="../ch08_04.htm#INDEX-558">8.4.1. Backreferences</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="backslash-----"><dt>backslash (\\\\): <a href="../ch02_03.htm#INDEX-153">2.3.1. Single-Quoted String Literals</a></dt><dd><dl> <a name="in-backreferences"> <dt>in backreferences: <a href="../ch08_04.htm#INDEX-560">8.4.1. Backreferences</a></dt> </dl></dd><!-- ========================== --><a name="backslash-escapes"><dt>backslash escapes: <a href="../ch01_04.htm#INDEX-93">1.4.2. What's Inside That Program?</a></dt><dd><dl> <dt><a href="../ch05_04.htm#INDEX-417">5.4.3. Hash Element Interpolation</a></dt> <a name="list-of"> <dt>list of: <a href="../ch02_03.htm#INDEX-158">2.3.2. Double-Quoted String Literals</a></dt> </dl></dd><!-- ========================== --><a name="backup-files-text-databases-and"><dt>backup files, text databases and: <a href="../ch16_04.htm#INDEX-1068">16.4. Variable-length (Text) Databases</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="bad-filehandles"><dt>bad filehandles: <a href="../ch11_02.htm#INDEX-752">11.2.2. Bad Filehandles</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="barewords"><dt>barewords: <a href="../ch17_04.htm#INDEX-1101">17.4. Unquoted Hash Keys</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="basenames"><dt>basenames: <a href="../ch13_08.htm#INDEX-928">13.8. Using Simple Modules</a></dt><dd><dl> <a name="File-:-:Basename-module-for"> <dt>File::Basename module for: <a href="../ch13_08.htm#INDEX-931">13.8.1. The File::Basename Module</a></dt><dd><dl> <dt><a href="../appb_05.htm#INDEX-1158"> B.5.4. The File::Basename Module</a></dt> </dl></dd> </dl></dd><!-- ========================== --><a name="BEGIN-block"><dt>BEGIN block: <a href="../appb_19.htm#INDEX-1275"> B.19. Syntax Extensions</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="big-arrow-=>"><dt>big arrow (=>): <a href="../ch05_02.htm#INDEX-395">5.2.3. The Big Arrow</a></dt><dd><dl> <dt><a href="../ch17_04.htm#INDEX-1103">17.4. Unquoted Hash Keys</a></dt></dl></dd><!-- ========================== --><a name="binary-assignment-operators"><dt>binary assignment operators: <a href="../ch02_05.htm#INDEX-190">2.5.3. Binary Assignment Operators</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="binary-extensions-dynamic-loading-and"><dt>binary extensions, dynamic loading and: <a href="../appb_23.htm#INDEX-1304"> B.23. Dynamic Loading</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="binary-mode"><dt>binary mode: <a href="../ch01_04.htm#INDEX-69">1.4. How Do I Make a Perl Program?</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="binding-operator-=~"><dt>binding operator (=~): <a href="../ch09_03.htm#INDEX-590">9.3. The Binding Operator, =~</a></dt><dd><dl> <a name="s----substitution-operator-and"> <dt>s/// substitution operator and: <a href="../ch09_06.htm#INDEX-617">9.6.4. The Binding Operator</a></dt> </dl></dd><!-- ========================== --><a name="bitstrings"><dt>bitstrings: <a href="../ch11_06.htm#INDEX-834">11.6.4. Using Bitstrings</a></dt><dd><dl> <a name="vec-operator-for"> <dt>vec operator for: <a href="../appb_11.htm#INDEX-1240"> B.11. Bits and Pieces</a></dt> </dl></dd><!-- ========================== --><a name="bitwise-operators"><dt>bitwise operators: <a href="../ch11_06.htm#INDEX-833">11.6.3. Bitwise Operators</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="B-:-:Lint-module"><dt>B::Lint module: <a href="../appb_15.htm#INDEX-1263"> B.15. Debugging</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="block-comments"><dt>block comments: <a href="../ch01_04.htm#INDEX-82">1.4.2. What's Inside That Program?</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="block-curly-braces"><dt>block curly braces (see <a href="idx_c.htm#curly-braces-block">curly braces, block</a>)</dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="body-of-subroutine"><dt>body of subroutine: <a href="../ch04_02.htm#INDEX-318">4.2. Defining a Subroutine</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="Boolean-values"><dt>Boolean values</dt><dd><dl> <a name="as-handled-by-Perl"> <dt>as handled by Perl: <a href="../ch02_07.htm#INDEX-234">2.7.1. Boolean Values</a></dt> <a name="logical-operators-for"> <dt>logical operators for: <a href="../ch10_09.htm#INDEX-703">10.9. Logical Operators</a></dt> </dl></dd><!-- ========================== --><a name="buffer"><dt>buffer</dt><dd><dl> <a name="flushing-of"> <dt>flushing of: <a href="../ch06_04.htm#INDEX-461">6.4. Output to Standard Output</a></dt><dd><dl> <dt><a href="../ch11_04.htm#INDEX-788">11.4.1. Changing the Default Output Filehandle</a></dt> </dl></dd> <a name="stat"> <dt>stat: <a href="../ch11_06.htm#INDEX-839">11.6.5. Using the Special Underscore Filehandle</a></dt> </dl></dd><!-- ========================== --><a name="buffered-output"><dt>buffered output: <a href="../ch06_04.htm#INDEX-458">6.4. Output to Standard Output</a></dt><!-- ========================== --><a name="bugs-in-Perl"><dt>bugs in Perl: <a href="../ch01_03.htm#INDEX-38">1.3.2. How Can I Get Support for Perl?</a></dt><dd><dl> <a name="reporting"> <dt>reporting: <a href="../ch01_03.htm#INDEX-57">1.3.4. What If I Find a Bug in Perl?</a></dt> </dl></dd><!-- ========================== --><a name="builtin-functions"><dt>builtin functions</dt><dd><dl> <a name="ampersand-and"> <dt>ampersand and: <a href="../ch04_11.htm#INDEX-366">4.11.1. Omitting the Ampersand</a></dt> <a name="mathematical-functions-and"> <dt>mathematical functions and: <a href="../appb_09.htm#INDEX-1219"> B.9.1. Advanced Math Functions</a></dt> </dl></dd><!-- ========================== --><a name="builtin-variables"><dt>builtin variables: <a href="../ch09_05.htm#INDEX-597">9.5.2. The Automatic Match Variables</a></dt><dd><dl> <dt><a href="../appb_18.htm#INDEX-1272"> B.18. Built in Variables</a></dt></dl></dd><!-- ========================== --><a name="bytecodes"><dt>bytecodes: <a href="../ch01_04.htm#INDEX-96">1.4.3. 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