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<html><head><title>I18N::LangTags (Perl in a Nutshell, 2nd Edition)</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style/style1.css" /><meta name="DC.Creator" content="Stephen Spainhour" /><meta name="DC.Format" content="text/xml" scheme="MIME" /><meta name="DC.Language" content="en-US" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc." /><meta name="DC.Source" scheme="ISBN" content="0596002416L" /><meta name="DC.Subject.Keyword" content="stuff" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="Perl in a Nutshell, 2nd Edition" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text.Monograph" /></head><body bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="gifs/smbanner.gif" usemap="#banner-map" border="0" alt="Book Home" /><map name="banner-map"><area shape="rect" coords="1,-2,616,66" href="index.htm" alt="Java and XSLT" /><area shape="rect" coords="629,-11,726,25" href="jobjects/fsearch.htm" alt="Search this book" /></map><div class="navbar"><table width="684" border="0"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="228"><a href="ch08_121.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtpreva.gif" alt="Previous" border="0" /></a></td><td align="center" valign="top" width="228" /><td align="right" valign="top" width="228"><a href="ch08_123.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtnexta.gif" alt="Next" border="0" /></a></td></tr></table></div><h2 class="sect1">8.122. I18N::LangTags</h2><p><a name="INDEX-1471" />Implements language tags per RFC 3066.Language tags let you specify a certain language thatyou'll use in a segment of text or code.I18N::LangTags lets you perform a number of common tasks withlanguage tasks that you might come across when dealing with differentprotocols and applications.</p><p>I18N::LangTags is shipped with the Perl 5.8 source kit. It implementsthe following methods.</p><div class="refentry"><table width="515" border="0" cellpadding="5"><tr><td align="left"><font size="+1"><b>alternate_language_tags</b></font></td><td align="right"><i></i></td></tr></table><hr width="515" size="3" noshade="true" align="left" color="black" /><pre>alternate_language_tags(<em class="replaceable">lang</em>uage)</pre><p>Returns all language tags that are alternate forms of<em class="replaceable"><tt>language</tt></em>:</p><blockquote><pre class="code">alternate_language_tags('en'); # Returns ()alternate_language_tags('he'); # Returns ('iw')alternate_language_tags('iw'); # Returns ('he')</pre></blockquote></div><div class="refentry"><table width="515" border="0" cellpadding="5"><tr><td align="left"><font size="+1"><b>encode_language_tag</b></font></td><td align="right"><i></i></td></tr></table><hr width="515" size="3" noshade="true" align="left" color="black" /><pre>encode_language_tag(<em class="replaceable">language</em>)</pre><p>Returns the encoding of a language tag. Returns<tt class="literal">undef</tt> if <em class="replaceable"><tt>language</tt></em> isinvalid.</p></div><div class="refentry"><table width="515" border="0" cellpadding="5"><tr><td align="left"><font size="+1"><b>extract_language_tags</b></font></td><td align="right"><i></i></td></tr></table><hr width="515" size="3" noshade="true" align="left" color="black" /><pre>extract_language_tags(<em class="replaceable">source</em>)</pre><p>Returns a list of what is perceived as valid language tags fromsource. For example:</p><blockquote><pre class="code">my $chewbacca_dialect = 'growl, growl, fr, growl, growl!';extract_language_tags($chewbacca_dialect);# Returns 'fr' Chewbacca is French?! Say it isn't so!</pre></blockquote></div><div class="refentry"><table width="515" border="0" cellpadding="5"><tr><td align="left"><font size="+1"><b> is_dialect_of</b></font></td><td align="right"><i></i></td></tr></table><hr width="515" size="3" noshade="true" align="left" color="black" /><pre>is_dialect_of(<em class="replaceable">lang1</em>, <em class="replaceable">lang2</em>) </pre><p>Returns true if <em class="replaceable">lang1</em> represents a form of<em class="replaceable"><tt>lang2</tt></em>. It doesn't go bothways, so make sure that <em class="replaceable"><tt>lang1</tt></em> comes first.</p><blockquote><pre class="code">is_dialect_of('en-US', 'en'); # trueis_dialect_of('en', 'en-US'); # false</pre></blockquote></div><div class="refentry"><table width="515" border="0" cellpadding="5"><tr><td align="left"><font size="+1"><b>is_language_tag</b></font></td><td align="right"><i></i></td></tr></table><hr width="515" size="3" noshade="true" align="left" color="black" /><pre>is_language_tag(<em class="replaceable">language</em>)</pre><p>Returns true if language is a valid language tag. For example:</p><blockquote><pre class="code">my $gutteral = 'Chewbacca';is_language_tag($gutteral); # false my $pourquois = 'fr';is_language_tag($pourquois); # true</pre></blockquote></div><div class="refentry"><table width="515" border="0" cellpadding="5"><tr><td align="left"><font size="+1"><b>locale2language_tag</b></font></td><td align="right"><i></i></td></tr></table><hr width="515" size="3" noshade="true" align="left" color="black" /><pre>locale2language_tag(<em class="replaceable">locale</em>)</pre><p>Takes a locale name and maps it to a language tag. Certain tagsaren't mappable, such as <tt class="literal">C</tt> or<tt class="literal">POSIX</tt>, in which case<tt class="literal">local2language_tag</tt> will return an empty list.</p><blockquote><pre class="code">locale2language_tag('en'); # Returns 'en' locale2language_tag('POSIX'); # Returns undef or ()</pre></blockquote></div><div class="refentry"><table width="515" border="0" cellpadding="5"><tr><td align="left"><font size="+1"><b>same_language_tag</b></font></td><td align="right"><i></i></td></tr></table><hr width="515" size="3" noshade="true" align="left" color="black" /><pre>same_language_tag(<em class="replaceable">lang1</em>, <em class="replaceable">lang2</em>)</pre><p>Returns true if <em class="replaceable">lang1</em> and<em class="replaceable"><tt>lang2</tt></em> both represent the same languageform. For example:</p><blockquote><pre class="code">same_language_tag('en', 'en-US'); # Returns false en != en-US</pre></blockquote></div><div class="refentry"><table width="515" border="0" cellpadding="5"><tr><td align="left"><font size="+1"><b>similarity_language_tag</b></font></td><td align="right"><i></i></td></tr></table><hr width="515" size="3" noshade="true" align="left" color="black" /><pre>similarity_language_tag(<em class="replaceable">lang1</em>, <em class="replaceable">lang2</em>)</pre><p>Returns an integer that represents the degree of similarity between<em class="replaceable"><tt>lang1</tt></em> and<em class="replaceable"><tt>lang2</tt></em>:</p><blockquote><pre class="code">similarity_language_tag('fr', 'fr-ca'); # 1similarity_language_tag('fr', 'en-US'); # 0</pre></blockquote></div><div class="refentry"><table width="515" border="0" cellpadding="5"><tr><td align="left"><font size="+1"><b>super_languages</b></font></td><td align="right"><i></i></td></tr></table><hr width="515" size="3" noshade="true" align="left" color="black" /><pre>super_languages(<em class="replaceable">language</em>)</pre><p>Returns a list of language tags that are superordinate to<em class="replaceable"><tt>language</tt></em>:</p><blockquote><pre class="code">super_languages('en-US'); # Gets 'en'super_languages('en'); # Gets an empty list</pre></blockquote></div><hr width="684" align="left" /><div class="navbar"><table width="684" border="0"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="228"><a href="ch08_121.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtpreva.gif" alt="Previous" border="0" /></a></td><td align="center" valign="top" width="228"><a href="index.htm"><img src="../gifs/txthome.gif" alt="Home" border="0" /></a></td><td align="right" valign="top" width="228"><a href="ch08_123.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtnexta.gif" alt="Next" border="0" /></a></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="228">8.121. I18N::Langinfo</td><td align="center" valign="top" width="228"><a href="index/index.htm"><img src="../gifs/index.gif" alt="Book Index" border="0" /></a></td><td align="right" valign="top" width="228">8.123. I18N::LangTags::List</td></tr></table></div><hr width="684" align="left" /><img src="../gifs/navbar.gif" usemap="#library-map" border="0" alt="Library Navigation Links" /><p><p><font size="-1"><a href="copyrght.htm">Copyright © 2002</a> O'Reilly & Associates. 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