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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Recipe 20.4. Converting ASCII to HTML (Perl Cookbook)</TITLE><METANAME="DC.title"CONTENT="Perl Cookbook"><METANAME="DC.creator"CONTENT="Tom Christiansen & Nathan Torkington"><METANAME="DC.publisher"CONTENT="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc."><METANAME="DC.date"CONTENT="1999-07-02T01:45:57Z"><METANAME="DC.type"CONTENT="Text.Monograph"><METANAME="DC.format"CONTENT="text/html"SCHEME="MIME"><METANAME="DC.source"CONTENT="1-56592-243-3"SCHEME="ISBN"><METANAME="DC.language"CONTENT="en-US"><METANAME="generator"CONTENT="Jade 1.1/O'Reilly DocBook 3.0 to HTML 4.0"><LINKREV="made"HREF="mailto:online-books@oreilly.com"TITLE="Online Books Comments"><LINKREL="up"HREF="ch20_01.htm"TITLE="20. Web Automation"><LINKREL="prev"HREF="ch20_04.htm"TITLE="20.3. Extracting URLs"><LINKREL="next"HREF="ch20_06.htm"TITLE="20.5. Converting HTML to ASCII"></HEAD><BODYBGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"><img alt="Book Home" border="0" src="gifs/smbanner.gif" usemap="#banner-map" /><map name="banner-map"><area shape="rect" coords="1,-2,616,66" href="index.htm" alt="Perl Cookbook"><area shape="rect" coords="629,-11,726,25" href="jobjects/fsearch.htm" alt="Search this book" /></map><div class="navbar"><p><TABLEWIDTH="684"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="228"><ACLASS="sect1"HREF="ch20_04.htm"TITLE="20.3. Extracting URLs"><IMGSRC="../gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 20.3. Extracting URLs"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="228"><B><FONTFACE="ARIEL,HELVETICA,HELV,SANSERIF"SIZE="-1"><ACLASS="chapter"REL="up"HREF="ch20_01.htm"TITLE="20. Web Automation"></A></FONT></B></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="228"><ACLASS="sect1"HREF="ch20_06.htm"TITLE="20.5. Converting HTML to ASCII"><IMGSRC="../gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 20.5. Converting HTML to ASCII"BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV><DIVCLASS="sect1"><H2CLASS="sect1"><ACLASS="title"NAME="ch20-25410">20.4. Converting ASCII to HTML</A></H2><DIVCLASS="sect2"><H3CLASS="sect2"><ACLASS="title"NAME="ch20-pgfId-447">Problem<ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="ch20-idx-1000002612-0"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="ch20-idx-1000002612-1"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="ch20-idx-1000002612-2"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="ch20-idx-1000002612-3"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="ch20-idx-1000002612-4"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="ch20-idx-1000002612-5"></A></A></H3><PCLASS="para">You want to convert ASCII text to HTML.</P></DIV><DIVCLASS="sect2"><H3CLASS="sect2"><ACLASS="title"NAME="ch20-pgfId-453">Solution</A></H3><PCLASS="para">Use the simple little encoding filter in <ACLASS="xref"HREF="ch20_05.htm#ch20-37199"TITLE="text2html">Example 20.3</A>.</P><DIVCLASS="example"><H4CLASS="example"><ACLASS="title"NAME="ch20-37199">Example 20.3: text2html</A></H4><PRECLASS="programlisting">#!/usr/bin/perl -w -p00# text2html - trivial html encoding of normal text# -p means apply this script to each record.# -00 mean that a record is now a paragraphuse HTML::Entities;$_ = encode_entities($_, "\200-\377");if (/^\s/) { # Paragraphs beginning with whitespace are wrapped in <PRE> s{(.*)$} {<PRE>\n$1</PRE>\n}s; # indented verbatim} else { s{^(>.*)} {$1<BR>}gm; # quoted text s{<URL:(.*?)>} {<A HREF="$1">$1</A>}gs # embedded URL (good) || s{(http:\S+)} {<A HREF="$1">$1</A>}gs; # guessed URL (bad) s{\*(\S+)\*} {<STRONG>$1</STRONG>}g; # this is *bold* here s{\b_(\S+)\_\b} {<EM>$1</EM>}g; # this is _italics_ here s{^} {<P>\n}; # add paragraph tag}</PRE></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="sect2"><H3CLASS="sect2"><ACLASS="title"NAME="ch20-pgfId-499">Discussion</A></H3><PCLASS="para">Converting arbitrary plain text to HTML has no general solution because there are too many different, conflicting ways of representing formatting information in a plain text file. The more you know about the input, the better the job you can do of formatting it.</P><PCLASS="para">For example, if you knew that you would be fed a mail message, you could add this block to format the mail headers:</P><PRECLASS="programlisting">BEGIN { print "<TABLE>"; $_ = encode_entities(scalar <>); s/\n\s+/ /g; # continuation lines while ( /^(\S+?:)\s*(.*)$/gm ) { # parse heading print "<TR><TH ALIGN='LEFT'>$1</TH><TD>$2</TD></TR>\n"; } print "</TABLE><HR>";}<ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="ch20-idx-1000002621-0"></A></PRE></DIV><DIVCLASS="sect2"><H3CLASS="sect2"><ACLASS="title"NAME="ch20-pgfId-525">See Also</A></H3><PCLASS="para">The documentation for the CPAN module HTML::Entities</P></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><P></P><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="684"TITLE="footer"><TABLEWIDTH="684"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="228"><ACLASS="sect1"HREF="ch20_04.htm"TITLE="20.3. Extracting URLs"><IMGSRC="../gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 20.3. 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