jdarith.c

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/*
 * jdarith.c
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1997, Guido Vollbeding <[e-mail]>.
 * This file is NOT part of the Independent JPEG Group's software
 * for legal reasons.
 * See the accompanying README file for conditions of distribution and use.
 *
 * This file contains portable arithmetic entropy decoding routines for JPEG
 * (implementing the ISO/IEC IS 10918-1 and CCITT Recommendation ITU-T T.81).
 *
 * Both sequential and progressive modes are supported in this single module.
 *
 * Suspension is not currently supported in this module.
 */

#define JPEG_INTERNALS
#include "jinclude.h"
#include "jpeglib.h"


/* Expanded entropy decoder object for arithmetic decoding. */

typedef struct {
  struct jpeg_entropy_decoder pub; /* public fields */

  INT32 c;       /* C register, base of coding interval + input bit buffer */
  INT32 a;               /* A register, normalized size of coding interval */
  int ct;     /* bit shift counter, # of bits left in bit buffer part of C */
                                                         /* init: ct = -16 */
                                                         /* run: ct = 0..7 */
                                                         /* error: ct = -1 */
  int last_dc_val[MAX_COMPS_IN_SCAN]; /* last DC coef for each component */
  int dc_context[MAX_COMPS_IN_SCAN]; /* context index for DC conditioning */

  unsigned int restarts_to_go;	/* MCUs left in this restart interval */

  /* Pointers to statistics areas (these workspaces have image lifespan) */
  unsigned char * dc_stats[NUM_ARITH_TBLS];
  unsigned char * ac_stats[NUM_ARITH_TBLS];
} arith_entropy_decoder;

typedef arith_entropy_decoder * arith_entropy_ptr;

/* The following two definitions specify the allocation chunk size
 * for the statistics area.
 * According to sections F.1.4.4.1.3 and F.1.4.4.2, we need at least
 * 49 statistics bins for DC, and 245 statistics bins for AC coding.
 * Note that we use one additional AC bin for codings with fixed
 * probability (0.5), thus the minimum number for AC is 246.
 *
 * We use a compact representation with 1 byte per statistics bin,
 * thus the numbers directly represent byte sizes.
 * This 1 byte per statistics bin contains the meaning of the MPS
 * (more probable symbol) in the highest bit (mask 0x80), and the
 * index into the probability estimation state machine table
 * in the lower bits (mask 0x7F).
 */

#define DC_STAT_BINS 64
#define AC_STAT_BINS 256


LOCAL(int)
get_byte (j_decompress_ptr cinfo)
/* Read next input byte; we do not support suspension in this module. */
{
  struct jpeg_source_mgr * src = cinfo->src;

  if (src->bytes_in_buffer == 0)
    if (! (*src->fill_input_buffer) (cinfo))
      ERREXIT(cinfo, JERR_CANT_SUSPEND);
  src->bytes_in_buffer--;
  return GETJOCTET(*src->next_input_byte++);
}


/*
 * The core arithmetic decoding routine (common in JPEG and JBIG).
 * This needs to go as fast as possible.
 * Machine-dependent optimization facilities
 * are not utilized in this portable implementation.
 * However, this code should be fairly efficient and
 * may be a good base for further optimizations anyway.
 *
 * Return value is 0 or 1 (binary decision).
 *
 * Note: I've changed the handling of the code base & bit
 * buffer register C compared to other implementations
 * based on the standards layout & procedures.
 * While it also contains both the actual base of the
 * coding interval (16 bits) and the next-bits buffer,
 * the cut-point between these two parts is floating
 * (instead of fixed) with the bit shift counter CT.
 * Thus, we also need only one (variable instead of
 * fixed size) shift for the LPS/MPS decision, and
 * we can get away with any renormalization update
 * of C (except for new data insertion, of course).
 *
 * I've also introduced a new scheme for accessing
 * the probability estimation state machine table,
 * derived from Markus Kuhn's JBIG implementation.
 */

LOCAL(int)
arith_decode (j_decompress_ptr cinfo, unsigned char *st)
{
  extern const INT32 jaritab[];
  register arith_entropy_ptr e = (arith_entropy_ptr) cinfo->entropy;
  register unsigned char nl, nm;
  register INT32 qe, temp;
  register int sv, data;

  /* Renormalization & data input per section D.2.6 */
  while (e->a < 0x8000L) {
    if (--e->ct < 0) {
      /* Need to fetch next data byte */
      if (cinfo->unread_marker)
	data = 0;		/* stuff zero data */
      else {
	data = get_byte(cinfo);	/* read next input byte */
	if (data == 0xFF) {	/* zero stuff or marker code */
	  do data = get_byte(cinfo);
	  while (data == 0xFF);	/* swallow extra 0xFF bytes */
	  if (data == 0)
	    data = 0xFF;	/* discard stuffed zero byte */
	  else {
	    /* Note: Different from the Huffman decoder, hitting
	     * a marker while processing the compressed data
	     * segment is legal in arithmetic coding.
	     * The convention is to supply zero data
	     * then until decoding is complete.
	     */
	    cinfo->unread_marker = data;
	    data = 0;
	  }
	}
      }
      e->c = (e->c << 8) | data; /* insert data into C register */
      if ((e->ct += 8) < 0)	 /* update bit shift counter */
	/* Need more initial bytes */
	if (++e->ct == 0)
	  /* Got 2 initial bytes -> re-init A and exit loop */
	  e->a = 0x8000L; /* => e->a = 0x10000L after loop exit */
    }
    e->a <<= 1;
  }

  /* Fetch values from our compact representation of Table D.2:
   * Qe values and probability estimation state machine
   */
  sv = *st;
  qe = jaritab[sv & 0x7F];	/* => Qe_Value */
  nl = qe & 0xFF; qe >>= 8;	/* Next_Index_LPS + Switch_MPS */
  nm = qe & 0xFF; qe >>= 8;	/* Next_Index_MPS */

  /* Decode & estimation procedures per sections D.2.4 & D.2.5 */
  temp = e->a - qe;
  e->a = temp;
  temp <<= e->ct;
  if (e->c >= temp) {
    e->c -= temp;
    /* Conditional LPS (less probable symbol) exchange */
    if (e->a < qe) {
      e->a = qe;
      *st = (sv & 0x80) ^ nm;	/* Estimate_after_MPS */
    } else {
      e->a = qe;
      *st = (sv & 0x80) ^ nl;	/* Estimate_after_LPS */
      sv ^= 0x80;		/* Exchange LPS/MPS */
    }
  } else if (e->a < 0x8000L) {
    /* Conditional MPS (more probable symbol) exchange */
    if (e->a < qe) {
      *st = (sv & 0x80) ^ nl;	/* Estimate_after_LPS */
      sv ^= 0x80;		/* Exchange LPS/MPS */
    } else {
      *st = (sv & 0x80) ^ nm;	/* Estimate_after_MPS */
    }
  }

  return sv >> 7;
}


/*
 * Check for a restart marker & resynchronize decoder.
 */

LOCAL(void)
process_restart (j_decompress_ptr cinfo)
{
  arith_entropy_ptr entropy = (arith_entropy_ptr) cinfo->entropy;
  int ci;
  jpeg_component_info * compptr;

  /* Advance past the RSTn marker */
  if (! (*cinfo->marker->read_restart_marker) (cinfo))
    ERREXIT(cinfo, JERR_CANT_SUSPEND);

  for (ci = 0; ci < cinfo->comps_in_scan; ci++) {
    compptr = cinfo->cur_comp_info[ci];
    /* Re-initialize statistics areas */
    if (cinfo->progressive_mode == 0 || (cinfo->Ss == 0 && cinfo->Ah == 0)) {
      MEMZERO(entropy->dc_stats[compptr->dc_tbl_no], DC_STAT_BINS);
      /* Reset DC predictions to 0 */
      entropy->last_dc_val[ci] = 0;
      entropy->dc_context[ci] = 0;
    }
    if (cinfo->progressive_mode == 0 || cinfo->Ss) {
      MEMZERO(entropy->ac_stats[compptr->ac_tbl_no], AC_STAT_BINS);
    }
  }

  /* Reset arithmetic decoding variables */
  entropy->c = 0;
  entropy->a = 0;
  entropy->ct = -16;	/* force reading 2 initial bytes to fill C */

  /* Reset restart counter */
  entropy->restarts_to_go = cinfo->restart_interval;
}


/*
 * Arithmetic MCU decoding.
 * Each of these routines decodes and returns one MCU's worth of
 * arithmetic-compressed coefficients.
 * The coefficients are reordered from zigzag order into natural array order,
 * but are not dequantized.
 *
 * The i'th block of the MCU is stored into the block pointed to by
 * MCU_data[i].  WE ASSUME THIS AREA IS INITIALLY ZEROED BY THE CALLER.
 */

/*
 * MCU decoding for DC initial scan (either spectral selection,
 * or first pass of successive approximation).
 */

METHODDEF(boolean)
decode_mcu_DC_first (j_decompress_ptr cinfo, JBLOCKROW *MCU_data)
{
  arith_entropy_ptr entropy = (arith_entropy_ptr) cinfo->entropy;
  JBLOCKROW block;
  unsigned char *st;
  int blkn, ci, tbl, sign;
  int v, m;

  /* Process restart marker if needed */
  if (cinfo->restart_interval) {
    if (entropy->restarts_to_go == 0)
      process_restart(cinfo);
    entropy->restarts_to_go--;
  }

  if (entropy->ct == -1) return TRUE;	/* if error do nothing */

  /* Outer loop handles each block in the MCU */

  for (blkn = 0; blkn < cinfo->blocks_in_MCU; blkn++) {
    block = MCU_data[blkn];
    ci = cinfo->MCU_membership[blkn];
    tbl = cinfo->cur_comp_info[ci]->dc_tbl_no;

    /* Sections F.2.4.1 & F.1.4.4.1: Decoding of DC coefficients */

    /* Table F.4: Point to statistics bin S0 for DC coefficient coding */
    st = entropy->dc_stats[tbl] + entropy->dc_context[ci];

    /* Figure F.19: Decode_DC_DIFF */
    if (arith_decode(cinfo, st) == 0)
      entropy->dc_context[ci] = 0;
    else {
      /* Figure F.21: Decoding nonzero value v */
      /* Figure F.22: Decoding the sign of v */
      sign = arith_decode(cinfo, st + 1);
      st += 2; st += sign;
      /* Figure F.23: Decoding the magnitude category of v */
      if ((m = arith_decode(cinfo, st)) != 0) {
	st = entropy->dc_stats[tbl] + 20;	/* Table F.4: X1 = 20 */
	while (arith_decode(cinfo, st)) {
	  if ((m <<= 1) == 0x8000) {
	    WARNMS(cinfo, JWRN_ARITH_BAD_CODE);
	    entropy->ct = -1;			/* magnitude overflow */
	    return TRUE;
	  }
	  st += 1;
	}
      }
      /* Section F.1.4.4.1.2: Establish dc_context conditioning category */
      if (m < (int) (((INT32) 1 << cinfo->arith_dc_L[tbl]) >> 1))
	entropy->dc_context[ci] = 0;		   /* zero diff category */
      else if (m > (int) (((INT32) 1 << cinfo->arith_dc_U[tbl]) >> 1))
	entropy->dc_context[ci] = 12 + (sign * 4); /* large diff category */
      else
	entropy->dc_context[ci] = 4 + (sign * 4);  /* small diff category */
      v = m;
      /* Figure F.24: Decoding the magnitude bit pattern of v */
      st += 14;
      while (m >>= 1)
	if (arith_decode(cinfo, st)) v |= m;
      v += 1; if (sign) v = -v;
      entropy->last_dc_val[ci] += v;
    }

    /* Scale and output the DC coefficient (assumes jpeg_natural_order[0]=0) */
    (*block)[0] = (JCOEF) (entropy->last_dc_val[ci] << cinfo->Al);
  }

  return TRUE;
}


/*
 * MCU decoding for AC initial scan (either spectral selection,
 * or first pass of successive approximation).
 */

METHODDEF(boolean)
decode_mcu_AC_first (j_decompress_ptr cinfo, JBLOCKROW *MCU_data)
{
  arith_entropy_ptr entropy = (arith_entropy_ptr) cinfo->entropy;
  JBLOCKROW block;
  unsigned char *st;
  int tbl, sign, k;
  int v, m;

  /* Process restart marker if needed */
  if (cinfo->restart_interval) {
    if (entropy->restarts_to_go == 0)
      process_restart(cinfo);
    entropy->restarts_to_go--;
  }

  if (entropy->ct == -1) return TRUE;	/* if error do nothing */

  /* There is always only one block per MCU */
  block = MCU_data[0];
  tbl = cinfo->cur_comp_info[0]->ac_tbl_no;

  /* Sections F.2.4.2 & F.1.4.4.2: Decoding of AC coefficients */

  /* Figure F.20: Decode_AC_coefficients */
  for (k = cinfo->Ss; k <= cinfo->Se; k++) {
    st = entropy->ac_stats[tbl] + 3 * (k - 1);
    if (arith_decode(cinfo, st)) break;		/* EOB flag */
    while (arith_decode(cinfo, st + 1) == 0) {
      st += 3; k++;
      if (k > cinfo->Se) {
	WARNMS(cinfo, JWRN_ARITH_BAD_CODE);
	entropy->ct = -1;			/* spectral overflow */
	return TRUE;
      }
    }
    /* Figure F.21: Decoding nonzero value v */
    /* Figure F.22: Decoding the sign of v */
    entropy->ac_stats[tbl][245] = 0;
    sign = arith_decode(cinfo, entropy->ac_stats[tbl] + 245);
    st += 2;
    /* Figure F.23: Decoding the magnitude category of v */
    if ((m = arith_decode(cinfo, st)) != 0) {
      if (arith_decode(cinfo, st)) {
	m <<= 1;
	st = entropy->ac_stats[tbl] +
	     (k <= cinfo->arith_ac_K[tbl] ? 189 : 217);
	while (arith_decode(cinfo, st)) {
	  if ((m <<= 1) == 0x8000) {
	    WARNMS(cinfo, JWRN_ARITH_BAD_CODE);
	    entropy->ct = -1;			/* magnitude overflow */
	    return TRUE;
	  }
	  st += 1;
	}
      }
    }
    v = m;
    /* Figure F.24: Decoding the magnitude bit pattern of v */
    st += 14;
    while (m >>= 1)
      if (arith_decode(cinfo, st)) v |= m;
    v += 1; if (sign) v = -v;