📄 draft-ietf-xmpp-core-22.txt
字号:
All JIDs are based on the foregoing structure. The most common use
of this structure is to identify an instant messaging user, the
server to which the user connects, and the user's connected resource
(e.g., a specific client) in the form of <user@host/resource>.
However, node types other than clients are possible; for example, a
specific chat room offered by a multi-user chat service could be
addressed as <room@service> (where "room" is the name of the chat
room and "service" is the hostname of the multi-user chat service)
and a specific occupant of such a room could be addressed as
<room@service/nick> (where "nick" is the occupant's room nickname).
Many other JID types are possible (e.g., <domain/resource> could be a
server-side script or service).
Each allowable portion of a JID (node identifier, domain identifier,
and resource identifier) MUST NOT be more than 1023 bytes in length,
resulting in a maximum total size (including the '@' and '/'
separators) of 3071 bytes.
3.2 Domain Identifier
The domain identifier is the primary identifier and is the only
REQUIRED element of a JID (a mere domain identifier is a valid JID).
Saint-Andre (ed.) Expires September 17, 2004 [Page 6]
Internet-Draft XMPP Core March 2004
It usually represents the network gateway or "primary" server to
which other entities connect for XML routing and data management
capabilities. However, the entity referenced by a domain identifier
is not always a server, and may be a service that is addressed as a
subdomain of a server and that provides functionality above and
beyond the capabilities of a server (e.g., a multi-user chat service,
a user directory, or a gateway to a foreign messaging system).
The domain identifier for every server or service that will
communicate over a network MAY be an IP address but SHOULD be a fully
qualified domain name (see [DNS]). A domain identifier MUST be an
"internationalized domain name" as defined in [IDNA], to which the
Nameprep [NAMEPREP] profile of stringprep [STRINGPREP] can be applied
without failing. Before comparing two domain identifiers, a server
MUST (and a client SHOULD) first apply the Nameprep profile to the
labels (as defined in [IDNA]) that make up each identifier.
3.3 Node Identifier
The node identifier is an optional secondary identifier placed before
the domain identifier and separated from the latter by the '@'
character. It usually represents the entity requesting and using
network access provided by the server or gateway (i.e., a client),
although it can also represent other kinds of entities (e.g., a chat
room associated with a multi-user chat service). The entity
represented by a node identifier is addressed within the context of a
specific domain; within instant messaging and presence applications
of XMPP this address is called a "bare JID" and is of the form
<node@domain>.
A node identifier MUST be formatted such that the Nodeprep (Appendix
A) profile of [STRINGPREP] can be applied to it without failing.
Before comparing two node identifiers, a server MUST (and a client
SHOULD) first apply the Nodeprep profile to each identifier.
3.4 Resource Identifier
The resource identifier is an optional tertiary identifier placed
after the domain identifier and separated from the latter by the '/'
character. A resource identifier may modify either a <node@domain>
or mere <domain> address. It usually represents a specific session,
connection (e.g., a device or location), or object (e.g., a
participant in a multi-user chat room) belonging to the entity
associated with a node identifier. A resource identifier is opaque
to both servers and other clients, and is typically defined by a
client implementation when it provides the information necessary to
complete Resource Binding (Section 7) (although it may be generated
by a server on behalf of a client), after which it is referred to as
Saint-Andre (ed.) Expires September 17, 2004 [Page 7]
Internet-Draft XMPP Core March 2004
a "connected resource". An entity MAY maintain multiple connected
resources simultaneously, with each connected resource differentiated
by a distinct resource identifier.
A resource identifier MUST be formatted such that the Resourceprep
(Appendix B) profile of [STRINGPREP] can be applied to it without
failing. Before comparing two resource identifiers, a server MUST
(and a client SHOULD) first apply the Resourceprep profile to each
identifier.
3.5 Determination of Addresses
After SASL negotiation (Section 6) and, if appropriate, Resource
Binding (Section 7), the receiving entity for a stream MUST determine
the initiating entity's JID.
For server-to-server communications, the initiating entity's JID
SHOULD be the authorization identity, derived from the authentication
identity as defined by the Simple Authentication and Security Layer
(SASL) specification [SASL] if no authorization identity was
specified during SASL negotiation (Section 6).
For client-to-server communications, the "bare JID" (<node@domain>)
SHOULD be the authorization identity, derived from the authentication
identity as defined in [SASL] if no authorization identity was
specified during SASL negotiation (Section 6); the resource
identifier portion of the "full JID" (<node@domain/resource>) SHOULD
be the resource identifier negotiated by the client and server during
Resource Binding (Section 7).
The receiving entity MUST ensure that the resulting JID (including
node identifier, domain identifier, resource identifier, and
separator characters) conforms to the rules and formats defined
earlier in this section; to meet this restriction, the receiving
entity may need to replace the JID sent by the initiating entity with
the canonicalized JID as determined by the receiving entity.
4. XML Streams
4.1 Overview
Two fundamental concepts make possible the rapid, asynchronous
exchange of relatively small payloads of structured information
between presence-aware entities: XML streams and XML stanzas. These
terms are defined as follows:
Saint-Andre (ed.) Expires September 17, 2004 [Page 8]
Internet-Draft XMPP Core March 2004
Definition of XML Stream: An XML stream is a container for the
exchange of XML elements between any two entities over a network.
The start of an XML stream is denoted unambiguously by an opening
XML <stream> tag (with appropriate attributes and namespace
declarations), while the end of the XML stream is denoted
unambiguously by a closing XML </stream> tag. During the life of
the stream, the entity that initiated it can send an unbounded
number of XML elements over the stream, either elements used to
negotiate the stream (e.g., to negotiate use of TLS (Section 5) or
use of SASL (Section 6)) or XML stanzas (as defined herein,
<message/>, <presence/>, or <iq/> elements qualified by the
default namespace). The "initial stream" is negotiated from the
initiating entity (usually a client or server) to the receiving
entity (usually a server), and can be seen as corresponding to the
initiating entity's "session" with the receiving entity. The
initial stream enables unidirectional communication from the
initiating entity to the receiving entity; in order to enable
information exchange from the receiving entity to the initiating
entity, the receiving entity MUST negotiate a stream in the
opposite direction (the "response stream").
Definition of XML Stanza: An XML stanza is a discrete semantic unit
of structured information that is sent from one entity to another
over an XML stream. An XML stanza exists at the direct child
level of the root <stream/> element and is said to be
well-balanced if it matches production [43] content of [XML]. The
start of any XML stanza is denoted unambiguously by the element
start tag at depth=1 of the XML stream (e.g., <presence>), and the
end of any XML stanza is denoted unambiguously by the
corresponding close tag at depth=1 (e.g., </presence>). An XML
stanza MAY contain child elements (with accompanying attributes,
elements, and XML character data) as necessary in order to convey
the desired information. The only XML stanzas defined herein are
the <message/>, <presence/>, and <iq/> elements qualified by the
default namespace for the stream, as described under XML Stanzas
(Section 9); an XML element sent for the purpose of Transport
Layer Security (TLS) negotiation (Section 5), Simple
Authentication and Security Layer (SASL) negotiation (Section 6),
or server dialback (Section 8) is not considered to be an XML
stanza.
Consider the example of a client's session with a server. In order
to connect to a server, a client MUST initiate an XML stream by
sending an opening <stream> tag to the server, optionally preceded by
a text declaration specifying the XML version and the character
encoding supported (see Inclusion of Text Declaration (Section 11.4);
see also Character Encoding (Section 11.5)). Subject to local
policies and service provisioning, the server SHOULD then reply with
Saint-Andre (ed.) Expires September 17, 2004 [Page 9]
Internet-Draft XMPP Core March 2004
a second XML stream back to the client, again optionally preceded by
a text declaration. Once the client has completed SASL negotiation
(Section 6), the client MAY send an unbounded number of XML stanzas
over the stream to any recipient on the network. When the client
desires to close the stream, it simply sends a closing </stream> tag
to the server (alternatively, the stream may be closed by the
server), after which both the client and server SHOULD terminate the
underlying connection (usually a TCP connection) as well.
Those who are accustomed to thinking of XML in a document-centric
manner may wish to view a client's session with a server as
consisting of two open-ended XML documents: one from the client to
the server and one from the server to the client. From this
perspective, the root <stream/> element can be considered the
document entity for each "document", and the two "documents" are
built up through the accumulation of XML stanzas sent over the two
XML streams. However, this perspective is a convenience only, and
XMPP does not deal in documents but in XML streams and XML stanzas.
In essence, then, an XML stream acts as an envelope for all the XML
stanzas sent during a session. We can represent this in a simplistic
fashion as follows:
|--------------------|
| <stream> |
|--------------------|
| <presence> |
| <show/> |
| </presence> |
|--------------------|
| <message to='foo'> |
| <body/> |
| </message> |
|--------------------|
| <iq to='bar'> |
| <query/> |
| </iq> |
|--------------------|
| ... |
|--------------------|
| </stream> |
|--------------------|
4.2 Binding to TCP
Although there is no necessary coupling of an XML stream to a [TCP]
connection (e.g., two entities could connect to each other via
Saint-Andre (ed.) Expires September 17, 2004 [Page 10]
Internet-Draft XMPP Core March 2004
another mechanism such as polling over [HTTP]), this specification
defines a binding of XMPP to TCP only. In the context of
client-to-server communications, a server MUST allow a client to
share a single TCP connection for XML stanzas sent from client to
server and from server to client. In the context of server-to-server
communications, a server MUST use one TCP connection for XML stanzas
sent from the server to the peer and another TCP connection
(initiated by the peer) for stanzas from the peer to the server, for
a total of two TCP connections.
4.3 Stream Security
When negotiating XML streams in XMPP 1.0, TLS SHOULD be used as
defined under Use of TLS (Section 5) and SASL MUST be used as defined
under Use of SASL (Section 6). The "initial stream" (i.e., the
stream from the initiating entity to the receiving entity) and the
"response stream" (i.e., the stream from the receiving entity to the
initiating entity) MUST be secured separately, although security in
both directions MAY be established via mechanisms that provide mutual
authentication. An entity SHOULD NOT attempt to send XML Stanzas
(Section 9) over the stream before the stream has been authenticated,
but if it does then the other entity MUST NOT accept such stanzas and
SHOULD return a <not-authorized/> stream error and then terminate
both the XML stream and the underlying TCP connection; note well that
this applies to XML stanzas only (i.e., <message/>, <presence/>, and
<iq/> elements scoped by the default namespace) and not to XML
elements used for stream negotiation (e.g., elements used to
negotiate use of TLS (Section 5) or Use of SASL (Section 6)).
4.4 Stream Attributes
The attributes of the stream element are as follows:
o to -- The 'to' attribute SHOULD be used only in the XML stream
header from the initiating entity to the receiving entity, and
MUST be set to a hostname serviced by the receiving entity. There
SHOULD NOT be a 'to' attribute set in the XML stream header by
which the receiving entity replies to the initiating entity;
however, if a 'to' attribute is included, it SHOULD be silently
ignored by the initiating entity.
o from -- The 'from' attribute SHOULD be used only in the XML stream
header from the receiving entity to the initiating entity, and
MUST be set to a hostname serviced by the receiving entity that is
granting access to the initiating entity. There SHOULD NOT be a
'from' attribute on the XML stream header sent from the initiating
entity to the receiving entity; however, if a 'from' attribute is
included, it SHOULD be silently ignored by the receiving entity.
Saint-Andre (ed.) Expires September 17, 2004 [Page 11]
⌨️ 快捷键说明
复制代码
Ctrl + C
搜索代码
Ctrl + F
全屏模式
F11
切换主题
Ctrl + Shift + D
显示快捷键
?
增大字号
Ctrl + =
减小字号
Ctrl + -