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很牛的GUI源码wxWidgets-2.8.0.zip 可在多种平台下运行.

\chapter{Introduction}\label{introduction}
\pagenumbering{arabic}%
\setheader{{\it CHAPTER \thechapter}}{}{}{}{}{{\it CHAPTER \thechapter}}%
\setfooter{\thepage}{}{}{}{}{\thepage}%

\section{What is wxWidgets?}\label{whatis}

wxWidgets is a C++ framework providing GUI (Graphical User
Interface) and other facilities on more than one platform.  Version 2 currently
supports all desktop versions of MS Windows, Unix with GTK+, Unix with Motif,
and MacOS. An OS/2 port is in progress.

wxWidgets was originally developed at the Artificial Intelligence
Applications Institute, University of Edinburgh, for internal use,
and was first made publicly available in 1992.
Version 2 is a vastly improved version written and maintained by
Julian Smart, Robert Roebling, Vadim Zeitlin, Vaclav Slavik and many others.

This manual contains a class reference and topic overviews.
For a selection of wxWidgets tutorials, please see the documentation page on the \urlref{wxWidgets web site}{http://www.wxwidgets.org}.

Please note that in the following, ``MS Windows" often refers to all
platforms related to Microsoft Windows, including 16-bit and 32-bit
variants, unless otherwise stated. All trademarks are acknowledged.

\section{Why another cross-platform development tool?}\label{why}

wxWidgets was developed to provide a cheap and flexible way to maximize
investment in GUI application development.  While a number of commercial
class libraries already existed for cross-platform development,
none met all of the following criteria:

\begin{enumerate}\itemsep=0pt
\item low price;
\item source availability;
\item simplicity of programming;
\item support for a wide range of compilers.
\end{enumerate}

Since wxWidgets was started, several other free or almost-free
GUI frameworks have emerged. However, none has the range of
features, flexibility, documentation and the well-established
development team that wxWidgets has.

As open source software, wxWidgets has benefited from comments,
ideas, bug fixes, enhancements and the sheer enthusiasm of
users. This gives wxWidgets a certain advantage over its
commercial competitors (and over free libraries without an
independent development team), plus a robustness against the
transience of one individual or company. This openness and
availability of source code is especially important when the
future of thousands of lines of application code may depend upon
the longevity of the underlying class library.

Version 2 goes much further than previous versions in terms of
generality and features, allowing applications to be produced
that are often indistinguishable from those produced using
single-platform toolkits such as Motif, GTK+ and MFC.

The importance of using a platform-independent class library
cannot be overstated, since GUI application development is very
time-consuming, and sustained popularity of particular GUIs
cannot be guaranteed. Code can very quickly become obsolete if
it addresses the wrong platform or audience.  wxWidgets helps to
insulate the programmer from these winds of change. Although
wxWidgets may not be suitable for every application (such as an
OLE-intensive program), it provides access to most of the
functionality a GUI program normally requires, plus many extras
such as network programming, PostScript output, and HTML
rendering; and it can of course be extended as needs dictate.
As a bonus, it provides a far cleaner and easier programming
interface than the native APIs. Programmers may find it
worthwhile to use wxWidgets even if they are developing on only
one platform.

It is impossible to sum up the functionality of wxWidgets in a few paragraphs, but
here are some of the benefits:

\begin{itemize}\itemsep=0pt
\item Low cost (free, in fact!)
\item You get the source.
\item Available on a variety of popular platforms.
\item Works with almost all popular C++ compilers and Python.
\item Over 50 example programs.
\item Over 1000 pages of printable and on-line documentation.
\item Includes Tex2RTF, to allow you to produce your own documentation
in Windows Help, HTML and Word RTF formats.
\item Simple-to-use, object-oriented API.
\item Flexible event system.
\item Graphics calls include lines, rounded rectangles, splines, polylines, etc.
\item Constraint-based and sizer-based layouts.
\item Print/preview and document/view architectures.
\item Toolbar, notebook, tree control, advanced list control classes.
\item PostScript generation under Unix, normal MS Windows printing on the PC.
\item MDI (Multiple Document Interface) support.
\item Can be used to create DLLs under Windows, dynamic libraries on Unix.
\item Common dialogs for file browsing, printing, colour selection, etc.
\item Under MS Windows, support for creating metafiles and copying
them to the clipboard.
\item An API for invoking help from applications.
\item Ready-to-use HTML window (supporting a subset of HTML).
\item Network support via a family of socket and protocol classes.
\item Support for platform independent image processing.
\item Built-in support for many file formats (BMP, PNG, JPEG, GIF, XPM, PNM, PCX).
\end{itemize}

\begin{comment}
\section{Changes from version 2.0}\label{versionchanges20}

These are a few of the differences between versions 2.0 and 2.2.

Removals:

\begin{itemize}\itemsep=0pt
\item GTK 1.0 no longer supported.
\end{itemize}

Additions and changes:

\begin{itemize}\itemsep=0pt
\item Corrected many classes to conform better to documented behaviour.
\item Added handlers for more image formats (Now GIF, JPEG, PCX, BMP, XPM, PNG, PNM).
\item Improved support for socket and network functions.
\item Support for different national font encodings.
\item Sizer based layout system.
\item HTML widget and help system.
\item Added some controls (e.g. wxSpinCtrl) and supplemented many.
\item Many optical improvements to GTK port.
\item Support for menu accelerators in GTK port.
\item Enhanced and improved support for scrolling, including child windows.
\item Complete rewrite of clipboard and drag and drop classes.
\item Improved support for ODBC databases.
\item Improved tab traversal in dialogs.
\end{itemize}
\end{comment}

\section{wxWidgets requirements}\label{requirements}

To make use of wxWidgets, you currently need one of the following setups.

(a) MS-Windows:

\begin{enumerate}\itemsep=0pt
\item A 32-bit or 64-bit PC running MS Windows.
\item A Windows compiler: MS Visual C++ (embedded Visual C++ for wxWinCE
port), Borland C++, Watcom C++, Cygwin, MinGW, Metrowerks CodeWarrior,
Digital Mars C++. See {\tt install.txt} for details about compiler 
version supported.
\item At least 100 MB of disk space for source tree and additional space for 
libraries and application building (depends on compiler and build settings).
\end{enumerate}

(b) Unix:

\begin{enumerate}\itemsep=0pt
\item Almost any C++ compiler, including GNU C++ (EGCS 1.1.1 or above).
\item Almost any Unix workstation, and one of: GTK+ 1.2, GTK+ 2.0, Motif 1.2 or higher, Lesstif.
If using the wxX11 port, no such widget set is required.
\item At least 100 MB of disk space for source tree and additional space for 
libraries and application building (depends on compiler and build settings).
\end{enumerate}

(c) Mac OS/Mac OS X:

\begin{enumerate}\itemsep=0pt
\item A PowerPC Mac running Mac OS 8.6/9.x (eg. Classic) or Mac OS X 10.x.
\item CodeWarrior 5.3, 6 or 7 for Classic Mac OS.
\item The Apple Developer Tools (eg. GNU C++), CodeWarrior 7 or above for Mac OS X.
\item At least 100 MB of disk space for source tree and additional space for 
libraries and application building (depends on compiler and build settings).
\end{enumerate}

\section{Availability and location of wxWidgets}\label{where}

\winhelponly{wxWidgets is available by anonymous FTP and World Wide Web
from ftp://biolpc22.york.ac.uk/pub and/or http://www.wxwidgets.org.}
\winhelpignore{wxWidgets is available by anonymous FTP and World Wide Web
from \urlref{ftp://biolpc22.york.ac.uk/pub}{ftp://biolpc22.york.ac.uk/pub} 
and/or \urlref{http://www.wxwidgets.org}{http://www.wxwidgets.org}.}

You can also buy a CD-ROM using the form on the Web site.

\section{Acknowledgements}\label{acknowledgements}

Thanks are due to AIAI for being willing to release the original version of
wxWidgets into the public domain, and to our patient partners.

We would particularly like to thank the following for their contributions to wxWidgets, and the many others who have been involved in
the project over the years. Apologies for any unintentional omissions from this list. 
 
Yiorgos Adamopoulos, Jamshid Afshar, Alejandro Aguilar-Sierra, AIAI, 
Patrick Albert, Karsten Ballueder, Mattia Barbon, Michael Bedward, 
Kai Bendorf, Yura Bidus, Keith Gary Boyce, Chris Breeze, Pete Britton, 
Ian Brown, C. Buckley, Marco Cavallini, Dmitri Chubraev, Robin Corbet, Cecil Coupe, 
Stefan Csomor, Andrew Davison, Gilles Depeyrot, Neil Dudman, Robin Dunn, 
Hermann Dunkel, Jos van Eijndhoven, Chris Elliott, David Elliott, Tom Felici, 
Thomas Fettig, Matthew Flatt, Pasquale Foggia, Josep Fortiana, Todd Fries, 
Dominic Gallagher, Guillermo Rodriguez Garcia, Wolfram Gloger, Norbert Grotz, 
Stefan Gunter, Bill Hale, Patrick Halke, Stefan Hammes, Guillaume Helle, 
Harco de Hilster, Kevin Hock, Cord Hockemeyer, Markus Holzem, Olaf Klein, Leif Jensen, 
Bart Jourquin, Guilhem Lavaux, Ron Lee, Jan Lessner, Nicholas Liebmann, 
Torsten Liermann, Per Lindqvist, Thomas Runge, Tatu M\"{a}nnist\"{o}, 
Scott Maxwell, Thomas Myers, Oliver Niedung, Stefan Neis, Ryan Norton, Hernan Otero, 
Ian Perrigo, Timothy Peters, Giordano Pezzoli, Harri Pasanen, Thomaso Paoletti, 
Garrett Potts, Marcel Rasche, Robert Roebling, Dino Scaringella, 
Jobst Schmalenbach, Arthur Seaton, Paul Shirley, Wlodzimierz `ABX' Skiba, 
Vaclav Slavik, Julian Smart, Stein Somers, Petr Smilauer, Neil Smith, 
Kari Syst\"{a}, George Tasker, Arthur Tetzlaff-Deas, Jonathan Tonberg, 
Jyrki Tuomi, Janos Vegh, Andrea Venturoli, David Webster, Otto Wyss, 
Vadim Zeitlin, Xiaokun Zhu, Edward Zimmermann.

`Graphplace', the basis for the wxGraphLayout library, is copyright Dr. Jos
T.J. van Eijndhoven of Eindhoven University of Technology. The code has
been used in wxGraphLayout with his permission.

We also acknowledge the author of XFIG, the excellent Unix drawing tool,
from the source of which we have borrowed some spline drawing code.
His copyright is included below.

{\it XFig2.1 is copyright (c) 1985 by Supoj Sutanthavibul. Permission to
use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its
documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided
that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that
copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
documentation, and that the name of M.I.T. not be used in advertising or
publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific,
written prior permission.  M.I.T. makes no representations about the