tsamples.tex

很牛的GUI源码wxWidgets-2.8.0.zip 可在多种平台下运行.

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%% Name:        tsamples.tex
%% Purpose:     Samples description
%% Author:      Vadim Zeitlin
%% Modified by:
%% Created:     02.11.99
%% RCS-ID:      $Id: tsamples.tex,v 1.54 2006/10/10 16:48:47 JS Exp $
%% Copyright:   (c) wxWidgets team
%% License:     wxWindows license
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% NB: please keep the subsections in alphabetic order!

\section{wxWidgets samples}\label{samples}

Probably the best way to learn wxWidgets is by reading the source of some 50+
samples provided with it. Many aspects of wxWidgets programming can be learnt
from them, but sometimes it is not simple to just choose the right sample to
look at. This overview aims at describing what each sample does/demonstrates to
make it easier to find the relevant one if a simple grep through all sources
didn't help. They also provide some notes about using the samples and what
features of wxWidgets are they supposed to test.

There are currently more than 50 different samples as part of wxWidgets and
this list is not complete. You should start your tour of wxWidgets with the
\helpref{minimal sample}{sampleminimal} which is the wxWidgets version of
"Hello, world!". It shows the basic structure of wxWidgets program and is the
most commented sample of all - looking at its source code is recommended.

The next most useful samples are probably \helpref{widgets}{samplewidgets}
and \helpref{controls}{samplecontrols} which show many of wxWidgets native and
generic controls, such as buttons, listboxes, checkboxes, comboboxes etc.

Other, more complicated controls, have their own samples. In this category you
may find the following samples showing the corresponding controls:

\begin{twocollist}\itemsep=0pt
\twocolitem{\helpref{wxCalendarCtrl}{samplecalendar}}{Calendar a.k.a. date picker control}
\twocolitem{\helpref{wxListCtrl}{samplelistctrl}}{List view control}
\twocolitem{\helpref{wxTreeCtrl}{sampletreectrl}}{Tree view control}
\twocolitem{\helpref{wxGrid}{samplegrid}}{Grid control}
\end{twocollist}

Finally, it might be helpful to do a search in the entire sample directory if
you can't find the sample showing the control you are interested in by
name. Most classes contained in wxWidgets occur in at least one of the samples.


\subsection{Minimal sample}\label{sampleminimal}

The minimal sample is what most people will know under the term Hello World,
i.e. a minimal program that doesn't demonstrate anything apart from what is
needed to write a program that will display a "hello" dialog. This is usually
a good starting point for learning how to use wxWidgets.


\subsection{Animate sample}\label{sampleanimate}

The {\tt animate} sample shows how you can use \helpref{wxAnimationCtrl}{wxanimationctrl}
control and shows concept of a platform-dependent animation encapsulated
in \helpref{wxAnimation}{wxanimation}.


\subsection{Art provider sample}\label{sampleartprovider}

The {\tt artprov} sample shows how you can customize the look of standard
wxWidgets dialogs by replacing default bitmaps/icons with your own versions.
It also shows how you can use wxArtProvider to
get stock bitmaps for use in your application.


\subsection{Calendar sample}\label{samplecalendar}

This font shows the \helpref{calendar control}{wxcalendarctrl} in action. It
shows how to configure the control (see the different options in the calendar
menu) and also how to process the notifications from it.


\subsection{Checklist sample}\label{samplechecklist}

This sample demonstrates use of the \helpref{wxCheckListBox}{wxchecklistbox}
class intercepting check, select and double click events. It also tests
use of various methods modifying the control, such as by deleting items
from it or inserting new ones (these functions are actually implemented in
the parent class \helpref{wxListBox}{wxlistbox} so the sample tests that class
as well). The layout of the dialog is created using a \helpref{wxBoxSizer}{wxboxsizer}
demonstrating a simple dynamic layout.


\subsection{Config sample}\label{sampleconfig}

This sample demonstrates the \helpref{wxConfig}{wxconfigbase} classes in a platform
independent way, i.e. it uses text based files to store a given configuration under
Unix and uses the Registry under Windows.

See \helpref{wxConfig overview}{wxconfigoverview} for the descriptions of all
features of this class.


\subsection{Controls sample}\label{samplecontrols}

The controls sample is the main test program for most simple controls used in
wxWidgets. The sample tests their basic functionality, events, placement,
modification in terms of colour and font as well as the possibility to change
the controls programmatically, such as adding an item to a list box etc. Apart
from that, the sample uses a \helpref{wxNotebook}{wxnotebook} and tests most
features of this special control (using bitmap in the tabs, using
\helpref{wxSizers}{wxsizer} and \helpref{constraints}{wxlayoutconstraints} within
notebook pages, advancing pages programmatically and vetoing a page change
by intercepting the \helpref{wxNotebookEvent}{wxnotebookevent}.

The various controls tested are listed here:

\begin{twocollist}\itemsep=0pt
\twocolitem{\helpref{wxButton}{wxbutton}}{Push button control, displaying text}
\twocolitem{\helpref{wxBitmapButton}{wxbitmapbutton}}{Push button control, displaying a bitmap}
\twocolitem{\helpref{wxCheckBox}{wxcheckbox}}{Checkbox control}
\twocolitem{\helpref{wxChoice}{wxchoice}}{Choice control (a combobox without the editable area)}
\twocolitem{\helpref{wxComboBox}{wxcombobox}}{A choice with an editable area}
\twocolitem{\helpref{wxGauge}{wxgauge}}{A control to represent a varying quantity, such as time remaining}
\twocolitem{\helpref{wxStaticBox}{wxstaticbox}}{A static, or group box for visually grouping related controls}
\twocolitem{\helpref{wxListBox}{wxlistbox}}{A list of strings for single or multiple selection}
\twocolitem{wxSpinCtrl}{A spin ctrl with a text field and a `up-down' control}
\twocolitem{\helpref{wxSpinButton}{wxspinbutton}}{A spin or `up-down' control}
\twocolitem{\helpref{wxStaticText}{wxstatictext}}{One or more lines of non-editable text}
\twocolitem{\helpref{wxStaticBitmap}{wxstaticbitmap}}{A control to display a bitmap}
\twocolitem{\helpref{wxRadioBox}{wxradiobox}}{A group of radio buttons}
\twocolitem{\helpref{wxRadioButton}{wxradiobutton}}{A round button to be used with others in a mutually exclusive way}
\twocolitem{\helpref{wxSlider}{wxslider}}{A slider that can be dragged by the user}
\end{twocollist}


\subsection{Database sample}\label{sampledb}

The database sample is a small test program showing how to use the ODBC
classes written by Remstar Intl.  Obviously, this sample requires a
database with ODBC support to be correctly installed on your system.


\subsection{DebugRpt sample}\label{sampledebugrpt}

This sample shows how to use \helpref{wxDebugReport}{wxdebugreport} class to
generate a debug report in case of a program crash or otherwise. On start up,
it proposes to either crash itself (by dereferencing a NULL pointer) or
generate debug report without doing it. Next it initializes the debug report
with standard information adding a custom file to it (just a timestamp) and
allows to view the information gathered using
\helpref{wxDebugReportPreview}{wxdebugreportpreview}.

For the report processing part of the sample to work you should make available
a Web server accepting form uploads, otherwise
\helpref{wxDebugReportUpload}{wxdebugreportupload} will report an error.


\subsection{Dialogs sample}\label{sampledialogs}

This sample shows how to use the common dialogs available from wxWidgets. These
dialogs are described in detail in the \helpref{Common dialogs overview}{commondialogsoverview}.


\subsection{Dialup sample}\label{sampledialup}

This sample shows the \helpref{wxDialUpManager}{wxdialupmanager}
class. In the status bar, it displays the information gathered through its
interface: in particular, the current connection status (online or offline) and
whether the connection is permanent (in which case a string `LAN' appears in
the third status bar field - but note that you may be on a LAN not
connected to the Internet, in which case you will not see this) or not.

Using the menu entries, you may also dial or hang up the line if you have a
modem attached and (this only makes sense for Windows) list the available
connections.


\subsection{DnD sample}\label{samplednd}

This sample shows both clipboard and drag and drop in action. It is quite non
trivial and may be safely used as a basis for implementing the clipboard and
drag and drop operations in a real-life program.

When you run the sample, its screen is split in several parts. On the top,
there are two listboxes which show the standard derivations of
\helpref{wxDropTarget}{wxdroptarget}:
\helpref{wxTextDropTarget}{wxtextdroptarget} and
\helpref{wxFileDropTarget}{wxfiledroptarget}.

The middle of the sample window is taken by the log window which shows what is
going on (of course, this only works in debug builds) and may be helpful to see
the sequence of steps of data transfer.

Finally, the last part is used for dragging text from it to either one of the
listboxes (only one will accept it) or another application. The last
functionality available from the main frame is to paste a bitmap from the
clipboard (or, in the case of the Windows version, also a metafile) - it will be
shown in a new frame.

So far, everything we mentioned was implemented with minimal amount of code
using standard wxWidgets classes. The more advanced features are demonstrated
if you create a shape frame from the main frame menu. A shape is a geometric
object which has a position, size and color. It models some
application-specific data in this sample. A shape object supports its own
private \helpref{wxDataFormat}{wxdataformat} which means that you may cut and
paste it or drag and drop (between one and the same or different shapes) from
one sample instance to another (or the same). However, chances are that no
other program supports this format and so shapes can also be rendered as
bitmaps which allows them to be pasted/dropped in many other applications
(and, under Windows, also as metafiles which are supported by most of Windows
programs as well - try Write/Wordpad, for example).

Take a look at DnDShapeDataObject class to see how you may use
\helpref{wxDataObject}{wxdataobject} to achieve this.


\subsection{Dynamic sample}\label{sampledynamic}

This sample is a very small sample that demonstrates use of the
\helpref{wxEvtHandler::Connect}{wxevthandlerconnect} method. This method
should be used whenever it is not known at compile time which control
will receive which event or which controls are actually going to be in
a dialog or frame. This is most typically the case for any scripting
language that would work as a wrapper for wxWidgets or programs where
forms or similar datagrams can be created by the users.

See also the \helpref{event sample}{sampleevent}


\subsection{Event sample}\label{sampleevent}

The event sample demonstrates various features of the wxWidgets events. It
shows using dynamic events and connecting/disconnecting the event handlers
during run time and also using
\helpref{PushEventHandler()}{wxwindowpusheventhandler} and
\helpref{PopEventHandler()}{wxwindowpopeventhandler}.

It replaces the old dynamic sample.


\subsection{Except(ions) sample}\label{sampleexcept}

This very simple sample shows how to use C++ exceptions in wxWidgets programs,
i.e. where to catch the exception which may be thrown by the program code. It
doesn't do anything very exciting by itself, you need to study its code to
understand what goes on.

You need to build the library with \texttt{wxUSE\_EXCEPTIONS} being set to $1$
and compile your code with C++ exceptions support to be able to build this
sample.


\subsection{Exec sample}\label{sampleexec}

The exec sample demonstrates the \helpref{wxExecute}{wxexecute} and
\helpref{wxShell}{wxshell} functions. Both of them are used to execute the
external programs and the sample shows how to do this synchronously (waiting
until the program terminates) or asynchronously (notification will come later).

It also shows how to capture the output of the child process in both
synchronous and asynchronous cases and how to kill the processes with
\helpref{wxProcess::Kill}{wxprocesskill} and test for their existence with
\helpref{wxProcess::Exists}{wxprocessexists}.


\subsection{Font sample}\label{samplefont}

The font sample demonstrates \helpref{wxFont}{wxfont},
\helpref{wxFontEnumerator}{wxfontenumerator} and
\helpref{wxFontMapper}{wxfontmapper} classes. It allows you to see the fonts
available (to wxWidgets) on the computer and shows all characters of the
chosen font as well.


\subsection{Grid sample}\label{samplegrid}

TODO.


\subsection{HTML samples}\label{samplehtml}

Eight HTML samples (you can find them in directory {\tt samples/html})
cover all features of the HTML sub-library.

{\bf Test} demonstrates how to create \helpref{wxHtmlWindow}{wxhtmlwindow}
and also shows most supported HTML tags.

{\bf Widget} shows how you can embed ordinary controls or windows within an
HTML page. It also nicely explains how to write new tag handlers and extend
the library to work with unsupported tags.

{\bf About} may give you an idea how to write good-looking About boxes.

{\bf Zip} demonstrates use of virtual file systems in wxHTML. The zip archives
handler (ships with wxWidgets) allows you to access HTML pages stored
in a compressed archive as if they were ordinary files.

{\bf Virtual} is yet another virtual file systems demo. This one generates pages at run-time.
You may find it useful if you need to display some reports in your application.

{\bf Printing} explains use of \helpref{wxHtmlEasyPrinting}{wxhtmleasyprinting}
class which serves as as-simple-as-possible interface for printing HTML
documents without much work. In fact, only few function calls are sufficient.

{\bf Help} and {\bf Helpview} are variations on displaying HTML help