bochsrc.5

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.\"Document Author:  Timothy R. Butler   -   [e-mail]"
.TH bochsrc 5 "22 Jun 2006" "bochsrc" "The Bochs Project"
.\"SKIP_SECTION"
.SH NAME
bochsrc \- Configuration file for Bochs.
.\"SKIP_SECTION"
.SH DESCRIPTION
.LP
Bochsrc   is  the   configuration   file  that specifies
where  Bochs should look for disk images,  how the Bochs
emulation layer  should  work,  etc.   The  syntax  used
for bochsrc  can also be used as command line  arguments
for Bochs. The .bochsrc  file should be placed either in
the current  directory  before running  Bochs or in your
home directory.

Starting with Bochs 1.3, you can use environment variables in
the bochsrc file, for example: 

  floppya: 1_44="$IMAGES/bootdisk.img", status=inserted

Starting with version 2.0, two environment variables have a built-in
default value which is set at compile time.  $BXSHARE points to the
"share" directory which is typically /usr/local/share/bochs on UNIX
machines.  See the $(sharedir) variable in the Makefile for the exact
value.  $BXSHARE is used by disk images to locate the directory where 
the BIOS images and keymaps can be found.  If $BXSHARE is not defined, Bochs
will supply the default value.  Also, $LTDL_LIBRARY_PATH points to a list of
directories (separated by colons if more than one) to search in for Bochs
plugins.  A compile-time default is provided if this variable is not defined
by the user.
.\".\"DONT_SPLIT"
.SH OPTIONS

.TP
.I "#include"
This option includes another configuration file. It is
possible to put installation defaults in a global config
file (e.g. location of rom images).

Example:
  #include /etc/bochsrc

.TP
.I "config_interface:"
The configuration interface is a series of menus or dialog boxes that
allows you to change all the settings that control Bochs's behavior.
There are two choices of configuration interface: a text mode version
called "textconfig" and a graphical version called "wx".  The text
mode version uses stdin/stdout and is always compiled in.  The graphical
version is only available when you use "--with-wx" on the configure 
command.  If you do not write a config_interface line, Bochs will 
choose a default for you.

.B NOTE:
if you use the "wx" configuration interface, you must also use
the "wx" display library.

Example:
  config_interface: textconfig

.TP
.I "display_library:"
The display library is the code that displays the Bochs VGA screen.  Bochs 
has a selection of about 10 different display library implementations for 
different platforms.  If you run configure with multiple --with-* options, 
the display_library command lets you choose which one you want to run with.
If you do not write a display_library line, Bochs will choose a default for
you.

The choices are: 
  x           X windows interface, cross platform
  win32       native win32 libraries
  carbon      Carbon library (for MacOS X)
  beos        native BeOS libraries
  macintosh   MacOS pre-10
  amigaos     native AmigaOS libraries
  sdl         SDL library, cross platform
  term        text only, uses curses/ncurses library, cross platform
  rfb         provides an interface to AT&T's VNC viewer, cross platform
  wx          wxWidgets library, cross platform
  nogui       no display at all

.B NOTE:
if you use the "wx" configuration interface, you must also use
the "wx" display library.

Example:
  display_library: x

.TP
.I "romimage:"
The ROM BIOS controls what the PC does when it first powers on.  Normally, you
can use a precompiled BIOS in the source or binary distribution called
.B BIOS-bochs-latest.
The ROM BIOS is usually loaded starting at address 0xf0000, and it is exactly 64k long.
You can also use the environment variable $BXSHARE to specify the location of the BIOS.
The usage of external large BIOS images (up to 512k) at memory top is
now supported, but we still recommend to use the BIOS distributed with Bochs.
Now the start address can be calculated from image size.

Examples:
  romimage: file=bios/BIOS-bochs-latest, address=0xf0000
  romimage: file=$BXSHARE/BIOS-bochs-latest, address=0xf0000
  romimage: file=mybios.bin, address=0xfff80000
  romimage: file=mybios.bin

.TP
.I "cpu:"
This defines cpu-related parameters inside Bochs:

count:

Set the number of processors:cores per processor:threads per core when
Bochs is compiled for SMP emulation. Bochs currently supports up to
8 processors. If Bochs is compiled without SMP support, it won't accept
values different from 1.

quantum:

Maximum amount of instructions allowed to execute by processor before
returning control to another cpu. This option exists only in Bochs 
binary compiled with SMP support.

reset_on_triple_fault:

Reset the CPU when triple fault occur (highly recommended) rather than
PANIC. Remember that if you trying to continue after triple fault the 
simulation will be completely bogus !

ips:

Emulated Instructions Per Second.  This is the
number of IPS that Bochs is capable of running
on your machine.  You can recompile Bochs with
--enable-show-ips option enabled, to find your
workstation's capability.  Measured IPS value
will then be logged into your log file or status
bar (if supported by the gui).

IPS is used to calibrate  many  time-dependent
events   within   the  bochs  simulation.  For
example, changing IPS affects the frequency of
VGA updates, the duration of time before a key
starts to autorepeat,  and the measurement  of
BogoMips and other benchmarks.

Example Specifications[1]
 Bochs Machine/Compiler                                Mips
 -------------------------------------------------------------------
 2.2.6 2.6Ghz Intel Core 2 Duo with WinXP/g++ 3.4      21 to 25 Mips
 2.2.6 2.1Ghz Athlon XP with Linux 2.6/g++ 3.4         12 to 15 Mips
 2.0.1 1.6Ghz Intel P4 with Win2000/g++ 3.3             5 to  7 Mips
 1.4   650Mhz Athlon K-7 with Linux 2.4.4/egcs-2.91.66  2 to  2.5 Mips
 1.4   400Mhz Pentium II with Linux 2.0.36/egcs-1.0.3   1 to  1.8 Mips

 [1]  IPS measurements depend on OS and compiler
configuration  in addition  to processor clock
speed.

Example:
  cpu: count=2, ips=10000000

.TP
.I "megs:"
Set the number of Megabytes of physical memory you want to emulate. 
The default is 32MB, most OS's won't need more than that.
The maximum amount of memory supported is 2048Mb.

Example:
  megs: 32

.TP
.I "optromimage1: \fP, \fIoptromimage2: \fP, \fIoptromimage3: \fPor \fIoptromimage4:"
You may now load up to 4 optional ROM images. Be sure to use a
read-only area, typically between C8000 and EFFFF. These optional
ROM images should not overwrite the rombios (located at
F0000-FFFFF) and the videobios (located at C0000-C7FFF).
Those ROM images will be initialized by the bios if they contain
the right signature (0x55AA).
It can also be a convenient way to upload some arbitrary code/data
in the simulation, that can be retrieved by the boot loader

Example:
  optromimage1: file=optionalrom.bin, address=0xd0000

.TP
.I "vgaromimage:"
You also need to load a VGA ROM BIOS into 0xC0000.

Examples:
  vgaromimage: file=bios/VGABIOS-elpin-2.40
  vgaromimage: file=bios/VGABIOS-lgpl-latest
  vgaromimage: file=$BXSHARE/VGABIOS-lgpl-latest

.TP
.I "vga:"
Here you can specify the display extension to be used. With the value 'none'
you can use standard VGA with no extension. Other supported values are 'vbe'
for Bochs VBE and 'cirrus' for Cirrus SVGA support.

Examples:
  vga: extension=cirrus
  vga: extension=vbe

.TP
.I "floppya: \fPor \fIfloppyb:"

Point  this to  the pathname of a floppy image
file or  device.  Floppya is the  first drive,
and  floppyb is the  second drive.  If  you're
booting from a floppy, floppya should point to
a bootable disk.

You can set the initial status of the media to
\&'ejected' or 'inserted'. Usually you will want
to use 'inserted'.

Example:

2.88M 3.5" Floppy:
  floppya: 2_88=path, status=ejected

1.44M 3.5" Floppy:
  floppya: 1_44=path, status=inserted

1.2M  5.25" Floppy:
  floppyb: 1_2=path, status=ejected

720K  3.5" Floppy:
  floppya: 720k=path, status=inserted

360K  5.25" Floppy:
  floppya: 360k=path, status=inserted

Autodetect Floppy type:
  floppya: image=path, status=inserted

.TP
.I "ata0: \fP, \fIata1: \fP, \fIata2: \fPor \fIata3:"

These options enables up to 4 ata channels. For each channel
the two base io addresses and the irq must be specified.
ata0 and ata1 are enabled by default, with the values shown below.

Examples:
   ata0: enabled=1, ioaddr1=0x1f0, ioaddr2=0x3f0, irq=14
   ata1: enabled=1, ioaddr1=0x170, ioaddr2=0x370, irq=15
   ata2: enabled=1, ioaddr1=0x1e8, ioaddr2=0x3e0, irq=11
   ata3: enabled=1, ioaddr1=0x168, ioaddr2=0x360, irq=9

.TP
.I "ata\fR[\fB0-3\fR]\fI-master: \fPor \fIata\fR[\fB0-3\fR]\fI-slave:"

This defines the type and characteristics of all attached ata devices:
   type=       type of attached device [disk|cdrom] 
   path=       path of the image
   mode=       image mode [flat|concat|external|dll|sparse|vmware3|undoable|growing|volatile], only valid for disks
   cylinders=  only valid for disks
   heads=      only valid for disks
   spt=        only valid for disks
   status=     only valid for cdroms [inserted|ejected]
   biosdetect= type of biosdetection [none|auto], only for disks on ata0 [cmos]
   translation=type of translation of the bios, only for disks [none|lba|large|rechs|auto]
   model=      string returned by identify device command
   journal=    optional filename of the redolog for undoable and volatile disks
   
Point this at a hard disk image file, cdrom iso file,
or a physical cdrom device.  
To create a hard disk image, try running bximage.  
It will help you choose the size and then suggest a line that 
works with it.

In UNIX it is possible to use a raw device as a Bochs hard disk, 
but WE DON'T RECOMMEND IT.

The path is always mandatory. Disk geometry autodetection works with images
created by bximage if CHS is set to 0/0/0 (cylinders are calculated using
heads=16 and spt=63). For other hard disk images and modes the cylinders,
heads, and spt are mandatory.

The mode option defines how the disk image is handled. Disks can be defined as:
  - flat : one file flat layout
  - concat : multiple files layout
  - external : developer's specific, through a C++ class
  - dll : developer's specific, through a DLL
  - sparse : stackable, commitable, rollbackable 
  - vmware3 : vmware3 disk support
  - undoable : flat file with commitable redolog
  - growing : growing file
  - volatile : flat file with volatile redolog

The disk translation scheme (implemented in legacy int13 bios functions, and used by
older operating systems like MS-DOS), can be defined as:
  - none : no translation, for disks up to 528MB (1032192 sectors)
  - large : a standard bitshift algorithm, for disks up to 4.2GB (8257536 sectors)
  - rechs : a revised bitshift algorithm, using a 15 heads fake physical geometry, for disks up to 7.9GB (15482880 sectors). (don't use this unless you understand what you're doing)
  - lba : a standard lba-assisted algorithm, for disks up to 8.4GB (16450560 sectors)
  - auto : autoselection of best translation scheme. (it should be changed if system does not boot)

Default values are:
   mode=flat, biosdetect=auto, translation=auto, model="Generic 1234"

The biosdetect option has currently no effect on the bios

Examples:
   ata0-master: type=disk, path=10M.sample, cylinders=306, heads=4, spt=17
   ata0-slave:  type=disk, path=20M.sample, cylinders=615, heads=4, spt=17
   ata1-master: type=disk, path=30M.sample, cylinders=615, heads=6, spt=17
   ata1-slave:  type=disk, path=46M.sample, cylinders=940, heads=6, spt=17
   ata2-master: type=disk, path=62M.sample, cylinders=940, heads=8, spt=17
   ata2-slave:  type=disk, path=112M.sample, cylinders=900, heads=15, spt=17
   ata3-master: type=disk, path=483M.sample, cylinders=1024, heads=15, spt=63
   ata3-slave:  type=cdrom, path=iso.sample, status=inserted

.TP
.I "com1: \fP, \fIcom2: \fP, \fIcom3: \fPor \fIcom4:"
This defines a serial port (UART type 16550A). In the 'term' you can specify
a device to use as com1. This can be a real serial line, or a pty.  To use
a pty (under X/Unix), create two windows (xterms, usually).  One of them will
run bochs, and the other will act as com1. Find out the tty the com1 window
using the `tty' command, and use that as the `dev' parameter.  Then do
`sleep 1000000' in the com1 window to keep the shell from messing with things,
and run bochs in the other window.  Serial I/O to com1 (port 0x3f8) will all
go to the other window.

Other serial modes are 'null' (no input/output), 'file' (output to a file
specified as the 'dev' parameter), 'raw' (use the real serial port - under
construction for win32) and 'mouse' (standard serial mouse - requires
mouse option setting 'type=serial' or 'type=serial_wheel')

Examples:
  com1: enabled=term, dev=/dev/ttyp7
  com2: enabled=1, mode=file, dev=serial.out
  com1: enabled=1, mode=mouse

.TP
.I "parport1: \fPor \fIparport2:"
This defines a parallel (printer) port. When turned on and an output file is
defined the emulated printer port sends characters printed by the guest
OS into the output file. On some platforms a device filename can be used to
send the data to the real parallel port (e.g. "/dev/lp0" on Linux).

Examples:
  parport1: enabled=1, file=parport.out
  parport2: enabled=1, file="/dev/lp0"
  parport1: enabled=0

.TP
.I "boot:"
This defines the boot sequence. Now you can specify up to 3 boot drives.
You can either boot from 'floppy', 'disk' or 'cdrom'
(legacy 'a' and 'c' are also supported)

Example:
  boot: cdrom, floppy, disk

.TP
.I "floppy_bootsig_check:"
This disables the 0xaa55 signature check on boot floppies
The check is enabled by default.

Example:
  floppy_bootsig_check: disabled=1

.TP
.I "log:"
Give the path of the log file you'd like Bochs
debug and misc. verbiage to be written to.   If
you really don't want it, make it /dev/null.

Example:
  log: bochs.out
  log: /dev/tty               (unix only)
  log: /dev/null              (unix only)

.TP
.I "logprefix:"
This handles the format of the string prepended to each log line :
You may use those special tokens :
  %t : 11 decimal digits timer tick
  %i : 8 hexadecimal digits of cpu0 current eip
  %e : 1 character event type ('i'nfo, 'd'ebug, 'p'anic, 'e'rror)
  %d : 5 characters string of the device, between brackets
 
Default : %t%e%d

Examples:
  logprefix: %t-%e-@%i-%d
  logprefix: %i%e%d

.TP
.I "panic:"
If Bochs reaches  a condition  where it cannot
emulate correctly, it does a panic.  This  can
be a configuration problem  (like a misspelled
bochsrc line) or an emulation problem (like an
unsupported video mode). The  "panic"  setting
in  bochsrc  tells  Bochs  how to respond to a
panic.  You  can  set this to fatal (terminate
the session),  report   (print information  to
the console), or ignore (do nothing).

The safest setting is action=fatal. If you are
getting  panics,  you  can  try  action=report
instead.  If you allow Bochs to continue after
a panic, don't be surprised if you get strange
behavior or crashes if a panic occurs.  Please
report  panic  messages  unless  it is just  a
configuration  problem  like  "could  not find
hard drive image."

Example:
  panic: action=fatal


.TP