autoconf.texi

这是一个自动生成MAKEFILE的工具。在LINUX工程项目里是很好的帮手。希望对大家有点帮助。

\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
@c %**start of header
@setfilename autoconf.info
@settitle Autoconf
@c For double-sided printing, uncomment:
@c @setchapternewpage odd
@c %**end of header

@set EDITION 2.13
@set VERSION 2.13
@set UPDATED December 1998

@iftex
@finalout
@end iftex

@ifinfo
@format
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* Autoconf: (autoconf).         Create source code configuration scripts.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
@end format

Autoconf: Creating Automatic Configuration Scripts, by David MacKenzie.

This file documents the GNU Autoconf package for creating scripts to
configure source code packages using templates and an @code{m4} macro
package.

Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
are preserved on all copies.

@ignore
Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the
results, provided the printed document carries copying permission
notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).

@end ignore
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire
resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission
notice identical to this one.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved
by the Foundation.
@end ifinfo

@titlepage
@title Autoconf
@subtitle Creating Automatic Configuration Scripts
@subtitle Edition @value{EDITION}, for Autoconf version @value{VERSION}
@subtitle @value{UPDATED}
@author by David MacKenzie and Ben Elliston
@c I think I've rewritten all of Noah and Roland's contributions by now.

@page
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
Copyright @copyright{} 1992, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
are preserved on all copies.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire
resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission
notice identical to this one.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved
by the Foundation.
@end titlepage

@c Define an environment variable index.
@defcodeindex ev
@c Define an output variable index.
@defcodeindex ov
@c Define a CPP variable index.
@defcodeindex cv
@c Define a macro index that @@defmac doesn't write to.
@defcodeindex ma

@node Top, Introduction, (dir), (dir)
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up

@ifinfo
This file documents the GNU Autoconf package for creating scripts to
configure source code packages using templates and an @code{m4} macro
package.  This is edition @value{EDITION}, for Autoconf version @value{VERSION}.

@end ifinfo

@c The master menu, created with texinfo-master-menu, goes here.

@menu
* Introduction::                Autoconf's purpose, strengths, and weaknesses.
* Making configure Scripts::    How to organize and produce Autoconf scripts.
* Setup::                       Initialization and output.
* Existing Tests::              Macros that check for particular features.
* Writing Tests::               How to write new feature checks.
* Results::                     What to do with results from feature checks.
* Writing Macros::              Adding new macros to Autoconf.
* Manual Configuration::        Selecting features that can't be guessed.
* Site Configuration::          Local defaults for @code{configure}.
* Invoking configure::          How to use the Autoconf output.
* Invoking config.status::      Recreating a configuration.
* Questions::                   Questions about Autoconf, with answers.
* Upgrading::                   Tips for upgrading from version 1.
* History::                     History of Autoconf.
* Old Macro Names::             Backward compatibility macros.
* Environment Variable Index::  Index of environment variables used.
* Output Variable Index::       Index of variables set in output files.
* Preprocessor Symbol Index::   Index of C preprocessor symbols defined.
* Macro Index::                 Index of Autoconf macros.

@detailmenu
 --- The Detailed Node Listing ---

Making @code{configure} Scripts

* Writing configure.in::        What to put in an Autoconf input file.
* Invoking autoscan::           Semi-automatic @file{configure.in} writing.
* Invoking ifnames::            Listing the conditionals in source code.
* Invoking autoconf::           How to create configuration scripts.
* Invoking autoreconf::         Remaking multiple @code{configure} scripts.

Initialization and Output Files

* Input::                       Where Autoconf should find files.
* Output::                      Creating output files.
* Makefile Substitutions::      Using output variables in @file{Makefile}s.
* Configuration Headers::       Creating a configuration header file.
* Subdirectories::              Configuring independent packages together.
* Default Prefix::              Changing the default installation prefix.
* Versions::                    Version numbers in @code{configure}.

Substitutions in Makefiles

* Preset Output Variables::     Output variables that are always set.
* Build Directories::           Supporting multiple concurrent compiles.
* Automatic Remaking::          Makefile rules for configuring.

Configuration Header Files

* Header Templates::            Input for the configuration headers.
* Invoking autoheader::         How to create configuration templates.

Existing Tests

* Alternative Programs::        Selecting between alternative programs.
* Libraries::                   Library archives that might be missing.
* Library Functions::           C library functions that might be missing.
* Header Files::                Header files that might be missing.
* Structures::                  Structures or members that might be missing.
* Typedefs::                    @code{typedef}s that might be missing.
* C Compiler Characteristics::  
* Fortran 77 Compiler Characteristics::  
* System Services::             Operating system services.
* UNIX Variants::               Special kludges for specific UNIX variants.

Alternative Programs

* Particular Programs::         Special handling to find certain programs.
* Generic Programs::            How to find other programs.

Library Functions

* Particular Functions::        Special handling to find certain functions.
* Generic Functions::           How to find other functions.

Header Files

* Particular Headers::          Special handling to find certain headers.
* Generic Headers::             How to find other headers.

Typedefs

* Particular Typedefs::         Special handling to find certain types.
* Generic Typedefs::            How to find other types.

Writing Tests

* Examining Declarations::      Detecting header files and declarations.
* Examining Syntax::            Detecting language syntax features.
* Examining Libraries::         Detecting functions and global variables.
* Run Time::                    Testing for run-time features.
* Portable Shell::              Shell script portability pitfalls.
* Testing Values and Files::    Checking strings and files.
* Multiple Cases::              Tests for several possible values.
* Language Choice::             Selecting which language to use for testing.

Checking Run Time Behavior

* Test Programs::               Running test programs.
* Guidelines::                  General rules for writing test programs.
* Test Functions::              Avoiding pitfalls in test programs.

Results of Tests

* Defining Symbols::            Defining C preprocessor symbols.
* Setting Output Variables::    Replacing variables in output files.
* Caching Results::             Speeding up subsequent @code{configure} runs.
* Printing Messages::           Notifying users of progress or problems.

Caching Results

* Cache Variable Names::        Shell variables used in caches.
* Cache Files::                 Files @code{configure} uses for caching.

Writing Macros

* Macro Definitions::           Basic format of an Autoconf macro.
* Macro Names::                 What to call your new macros.
* Quoting::                     Protecting macros from unwanted expansion.
* Dependencies Between Macros::  What to do when macros depend on other macros.

Dependencies Between Macros

* Prerequisite Macros::         Ensuring required information.
* Suggested Ordering::          Warning about possible ordering problems.
* Obsolete Macros::             Warning about old ways of doing things.

Manual Configuration

* Specifying Names::            Specifying the system type.
* Canonicalizing::              Getting the canonical system type.
* System Type Variables::       Variables containing the system type.
* Using System Type::           What to do with the system type.

Site Configuration

* External Software::           Working with other optional software.
* Package Options::             Selecting optional features.
* Site Details::                Configuring site details.
* Transforming Names::          Changing program names when installing.
* Site Defaults::               Giving @code{configure} local defaults.

Transforming Program Names When Installing

* Transformation Options::      @code{configure} options to transform names.
* Transformation Examples::     Sample uses of transforming names.
* Transformation Rules::        @file{Makefile} uses of transforming names.

Running @code{configure} Scripts

* Basic Installation::          Instructions for typical cases.
* Compilers and Options::       Selecting compilers and optimization.
* Multiple Architectures::      Compiling for multiple architectures at once.
* Installation Names::          Installing in different directories.
* Optional Features::           Selecting optional features.
* System Type::                 Specifying the system type.
* Sharing Defaults::            Setting site-wide defaults for @code{configure}.
* Operation Controls::          Changing how @code{configure} runs.

Questions About Autoconf

* Distributing::                Distributing @code{configure} scripts.
* Why GNU m4::                  Why not use the standard @code{m4}?
* Bootstrapping::               Autoconf and GNU @code{m4} require each other?
* Why Not Imake::               Why GNU uses @code{configure} instead of Imake.

Upgrading From Version 1

* Changed File Names::          Files you might rename.
* Changed Makefiles::           New things to put in @file{Makefile.in}.
* Changed Macros::              Macro calls you might replace.
* Invoking autoupdate::         Replacing old macro names in @code{configure.in}.
* Changed Results::             Changes in how to check test results.
* Changed Macro Writing::       Better ways to write your own macros.

History of Autoconf

* Genesis::                     Prehistory and naming of @code{configure}.
* Exodus::                      The plagues of @code{m4} and Perl.
* Leviticus::                   The priestly code of portability arrives.
* Numbers::                     Growth and contributors.
* Deuteronomy::                 Approaching the promises of easy configuration.

@end detailmenu
@end menu

@node Introduction, Making configure Scripts, Top, Top
@chapter Introduction

@display
A physicist, an engineer, and a computer scientist were
discussing the nature of God.  Surely a Physicist, said the
physicist, because early in the Creation, God made Light; and you
know, Maxwell's equations, the dual nature of electro-magnetic
waves, the relativist consequences@dots{} An Engineer!, said the
engineer, because before making Light, God split the Chaos into
Land and Water; it takes a hell of an engineer to handle that big
amount of mud, and orderly separation of solids from
liquids@dots{} The computer scientist shouted: And the Chaos,
where do you think it was coming from, hmm?

---Anonymous
@end display
@c (via Franc,ois Pinard)

Autoconf is a tool for producing shell scripts that automatically
configure software source code packages to adapt to many kinds of
UNIX-like systems.  The configuration scripts produced by Autoconf are
independent of Autoconf when they are run, so their users do not need to
have Autoconf.

The configuration scripts produced by Autoconf require no manual user
intervention when run; they do not normally even need an argument
specifying the system type.  Instead, they test for the presence of each