ide-8255.txt

用8051单片机实现IDE总线 程序简洁易懂

PC.2 <--> IDE bus D10
PC.1 <--> IDE bus D9
PC.0 <--> IDE bus D8

I have put a 10 KOhm pull-down resistor from the IDE bus IRQ to
ground. The IDE IRQ signal is also connected to the input of the
(one-remaining) inverter. The output of the inverter is connected
to the controller's /IRQ input. As you can see, I do have the
hardware for interrupts here, I do not use it. I tried to use it,
but got unexplained errors (I probably did something wrong, I
have not yet found what)..

                   |\
IDE IRQ o-----+----+ >o--------o CPU's /IRQ
              |    |/
             +++
             | |
             | | 10 KOhm
             +++
              |
              |
             -+- GND
             ///

The IDE /ACT signal is connected to a 330 Ohm resistor, the other
end of the resistor is connected to a LED, the other end of the
LED is connected to the +5 Volts. This gives a nice LED
indication of when I'm using the disk. This is -as far as I know-
the same hardware a PC uses to produce the disk busy LED you may
find on the front of a PC box.

                 330 Ohm
               +-------+     LED
IDE /ACT o-----+       +------|<-----o +5 Volts
               +-------+

So much about the hardware of the IDE interface. I hope that is
all clear now. If I have been less than clear, please ask. If I
have made mistakes, please complain (I said complain, NOT FLAME!!!).


IDE read/write and register description
=======================================

The IDE device appears to the IDE bus as a set of regsiters. The
register selection is done with the /CS0, CS1 and A0, A1, A2
lines. Reading/writing is done with the /RD and /WR signals. I
have used the 8255 port A signals to make read/write cycles on
the IDE bus. What I do is the following:

read cycle:
-----------

1) put the port B and C of the 8255 in input modus.

2) set an address and /CS0 and /CS1 signal on the port A of the
   8255.

3) activate the /RD of the IDE bus by setting the equivalent bit
   in the port A of the 8255.

4) read the data from port B (and C) of the 8255.

5) deactivate the /RD signal on the IDE bus by resetting the
   equivalent bit of port A of the 8255.

write cycle:
-----------

1) put the port B and C of the 8255 in output modus.

2) set an address and /CS0 and /CS1 signal on the port A of the
   8255.

3) set a data word (or byte) on port B (and C) of the 8255.

4) activate the /WR of the IDE bus by setting the equivalent bit
   in the port A of the 8255.

5) deactivate the /WR signal on the IDE bus by resetting the
   equivalent bit of port A of the 8255.

The only difference between 8 bits and 16 bits transfers is the
following:

- In an 8-bit transfer I use only the port B of the 8255 for data
  transfer. When writing I put data only on the lower byte of the
  IDE bus; the upper byte is ignored anyway by the IDE device.
  When reading I read only port B of the 8255; I never even
  bother to look at the upper byte.

- In an 16-bit transfer I read/write to both the upper and the
  lower byte of the IDE bus; thus using both port B and port C.

The IDE device appears as the following registers:
--------------------------------------------------

/CS0=0, /CS1=1, A2=A1=A0=0: data I/O register (16-bits)
This is the data I/O register. This is in fact the only 16-bits
wide register of the entire IDE interface. It is used for all data
block transfers from and to the IDE device.

/CS0=0, /CS1=1, A2..A0=001B: This is the error information
register when read; the write precompensation register when
written. I have never bothered with the write precompensation at
all, I only read this register when an error is indicated in the
IDE status register (see below for the IDE status register).

/CS0=0, /CS1=1, A2..A0=010B: Sector counter register. This
register could be used to make multi-sector transfers. You'd have
to write the number of sectors to transfer in this register. I
use one-sector only transfers; So I'll only write 01H into this
register. I do use this register to pass the parameter the
timeout for idle modus command via this register.

/CS0=0, /CS1=1, A2..A0=011B: Start sector register. This register
holds the start sector of the current track to start reading/
writing to. For each transfer I write the start sector in this
register. For some fancy reason the sector count starts at 1 and
runs up to 256, so writing 00H results in sector number 256. Why
that is done is a mystery to me, all other counting in the IDE
interface starts at 0.....

/CS0=0, /CS1=1, A2..A0=100B: Low byte of the cylinder number.
This register holds low byte of the cylinder number for a disk
transfer.

/CS0=0, /CS1=1, A2..A0=101B: High two bits of the cylinder
number. The traditional IDE interface allows only cylinder
numbers in the range 0..1023. This register gets the two upper
bits of this number. I write the cylinder number's upper two bits
into this register before each transfer.

/CS0=0, /CS1=1, A2..A0=110B: Head and device select register. The
bits 3..0 of this register hold the head number (0..15) for a
transfer. The bit 4 is to be written 0 for access to the IDE
master device, 1 for access to the IDE slave device. The bits
7..5 are fixed at 101B in the traditional interface.

/CS0=0, /CS1=1, A2..A0=111B: command/status register. When
written the IDE device regards the data you write to this
register as a command. When read you get the status of the IDE
device. Reading his register also clears any interrupts from the
IDE device to the controller.

/CS0=1, /CS1=0, A2..A0=110B: 2nd status register/interrupt and
reset register. When read this register gives you the same status
byte as the primary (/CS0=0, /CS1=1, A2..A0=111B) status
register. The only difference is that reading this register does
not clear the interrupt from the IDE device when read. When
written you can enable/disable the interrupts the IDE device
generates; Also you can give a software reset to the IDE device.

/CS0=1, /CS1=0, A2..A0=111B: active status of the IDE device. In
this register (read-only) you can find out if the IDE master or
slave is currently active and find the currently selected head
number. In a PC environment you can also find out if the floppy
is currently in the drive. I have not used this register yet.

Some of these registers have bitwise meanings. I'll elaborate on
that here:

head and device register:
-------------------------
A write register that sets the master/slave selection and the
head number.

bits 3..0: head number [0..15]
bit  4   : master/slave select: 0=master,1=slave
bits 7..5: fixed at 101B. This is in fact the bytes/sector
           coding. In old (MFM) controllers you could specify if
           you wanted 128,256,512 or 1024 bytes/sector. In the
           IDE world only 512 bytes/sector is supported. This bit
           pattern is a relic from the MFM controllers age. The
           bit 6 of this pattern could in fact be used to access
           a disk in LBA modus.

Status register:
----------------
Both the primary and secondary status register use the same bit
coding. The register is a read register.

bit 0    : error bit. If this bit is set then an error has
           occurred while executing the latest command. The error
           status itself is to be found in the error register.
bit 1    : index pulse. Each revolution of the disk this bit is
           pulsed to '1' once. I have never looked at this bit, I
           do not even know if that really happens.
bit 2    : ECC bit. if this bit is set then an ECC correction on
           the data was executed. I ignore this bit.
bit 3    : DRQ bit. If this bit is set then the disk either wants
           data (disk write) or has data for you (disk read).
bit 4    : SKC bit. Indicates that a seek has been executed with
           success. I ignore this bit.
bit 5    : WFT bit. indicates a write error has happened. I do
           not know what to do with this bit here and now. I've
           never seen it go active.
bit 6    : RDY bit. indicates that the disk has finished its
           power-up. Wait for this bit to be active before doing
           anything (execpt reset) with the disk. I once ignored
           this bit and was rewarded with a completely unusable
           disk.
bit 7    : BSY bit. This bit is set when the disk is doing
           something for you. You have to wait for this bit to
           clear before you can start giving orders to the disk.

interrupt and reset register:
-----------------------------
This register has only two bits that do something (that I know
of). It is a write register.

bit 1    : IRQ enable. If this bit is '0' the disk will give and
           IRQ when it has finished executing a command. When it
           is '1' the disk will not generate interrupts.
bit 2    : RESET bit. If you pulse this bit to '1' the disk will
           execute a software reset. The bit is normally '0'. I
           do not use it because I have full software control of
           the hardware /RESET line.

Active status register:
-----------------------
This is a read register. I have -up till now- ignored this
register. I have only one IDE device (a disk) on my contraption.

bit 0    : master active. If this bit is set then the master IDE
           device is active.
bit 1    : slave active. If this bit is set then the slave IDE
           device is active.
bits 5..2: complement of the currently active disk head.
bit 6    : write bit. This bit is set when the device is writing.
bit 7    : in a PC environment this bit indicates if a floppy is
           present in the floppy drive. Here it has no meaning.

error register:
---------------
The error register indicates what went wrong when a command
execution results in an error. The fact that an error has
occurred is indicated in the status register, the explanation is
given in the error register. This is a read register.

bit 0    : AMNF bit. Indicates that an address mark was not
           found. What this means I not sure of. I have never
           seen this happen.
bit 1    : TK0NF bit. When this bit is set the drive was not able
           to find track 0 of the device. I think you will have
           to throw away the disk if this happens.
bit 2    : ABRT bit. This bit is set when you have given an
           indecent command to the disk. Mostly wrong parameters
           (wrong head number etc..) cause the disk to respond
           with error flag in the status bit set and the ABRT bit
           set. I have gotten this error a lot when I tried to
           run the disk with interrupts. Something MUST have been
           wrong with my interface program. I have not (yet)
           found what.
bit 3    : MCR bit. indicated that a media change was requested.
           What that means I do not know. I've ignored this bit
           till now.
bit 4    : IDNF bit. Means that a sector ID was not found. I have
           never seen this happen, I guess it means that you've
           requested a sector that is not there.
bit 5    : MC bit. Indicates that the media has been changed. I