rfc1445.txt

著名的RFC文档,其中有一些文档是已经翻译成中文的的.

          Network Working Group                                J. Galvin
          Request for Comments: 1445         Trusted Information Systems
                                                           K. McCloghrie
                                                      Hughes LAN Systems
                                                              April 1993


                               Administrative Model
                               for version 2 of the
                   Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)






          Status of this Memo

          This RFC specifes an IAB standards track protocol for the
          Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions
          for improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the
          "IAB Official Protocol Standards" for the standardization
          state and status of this protocol.  Distribution of this memo
          is unlimited.


          Table of Contents


          1 Introduction ..........................................    2
          1.1 A Note on Terminology ...............................    2
          2 Elements of the Model .................................    3
          2.1 SNMPv2 Party ........................................    3
          2.2 SNMPv2 Entity .......................................    6
          2.3 SNMPv2 Management Station ...........................    7
          2.4 SNMPv2 Agent ........................................    7
          2.5 View Subtree ........................................    7
          2.6 MIB View ............................................    8
          2.7 Proxy Relationship ..................................    8
          2.8 SNMPv2 Context ......................................   10
          2.9 SNMPv2 Management Communication .....................   10
          2.10 SNMPv2 Authenticated Management Communication ......   12
          2.11 SNMPv2 Private Management Communication ............   13
          2.12 SNMPv2 Management Communication Class ..............   14
          2.13 SNMPv2 Access Control Policy .......................   14
          3 Elements of Procedure .................................   17
          3.1 Generating a Request ................................   17
          3.2 Processing a Received Communication .................   18
          3.3 Generating a Response ...............................   21





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          4 Application of the Model ..............................   23
          4.1 Non-Secure Minimal Agent Configuration ..............   23
          4.2 Secure Minimal Agent Configuration ..................   26
          4.3 MIB View Configurations .............................   28
          4.4 Proxy Configuration .................................   32
          4.4.1 Foreign Proxy Configuration .......................   33
          4.4.2 Native Proxy Configuration ........................   37
          4.5 Public Key Configuration ............................   41
          5 Security Considerations ...............................   44
          6 Acknowledgements ......................................   45
          7 References ............................................   46
          8 Authors' Addresses ....................................   47






































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          RFC 1445       Administrative Model for SNMPv2      April 1993


          1.  Introduction

          A network management system contains: several (potentially
          many) nodes, each with a processing entity, termed an agent,
          which has access to management instrumentation; at least one
          management station; and, a management protocol, used to convey
          management information between the agents and management
          stations.  Operations of the protocol are carried out under an
          administrative framework which defines both authentication and
          authorization policies.

          Network management stations execute management applications
          which monitor and control network elements.  Network elements
          are devices such as hosts, routers, terminal servers, etc.,
          which are monitored and controlled through access to their
          management information.

          It is the purpose of this document, the Administrative Model
          for SNMPv2, to define how the administrative framework is
          applied to realize effective network management in a variety
          of configurations and environments.

          The model described here entails the use of distinct
          identities for peers that exchange SNMPv2 messages.  Thus, it
          represents a departure from the community-based administrative
          model of the original SNMP [1].  By unambiguously identifying
          the source and intended recipient of each SNMPv2 message, this
          new strategy improves upon the historical community scheme
          both by supporting a more convenient access control model and
          allowing for effective use of asymmetric (public key) security
          protocols in the future.


          1.1.  A Note on Terminology

          For the purpose of exposition, the original Internet-standard
          Network Management Framework, as described in RFCs 1155, 1157,
          and 1212, is termed the SNMP version 1 framework (SNMPv1).
          The current framework is termed the SNMP version 2 framework
          (SNMPv2).










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          RFC 1445       Administrative Model for SNMPv2      April 1993


          2.  Elements of the Model

          2.1.  SNMPv2 Party

          A SNMPv2 party  is a conceptual, virtual execution environment
          whose operation is restricted (for security or other purposes)
          to an administratively defined subset of all possible
          operations of a particular SNMPv2 entity (see Section 2.2).
          Whenever a SNMPv2 entity processes a SNMPv2 message, it does
          so by acting as a SNMPv2 party and is thereby restricted to
          the set of operations defined for that party.  The set of
          possible operations specified for a SNMPv2 party may be
          overlapping or disjoint with respect to the sets of other
          SNMPv2 parties; it may also be a proper or improper subset of
          all possible operations of the SNMPv2 entity.

          Architecturally, each SNMPv2 party comprises

          o    a single, unique party identity,

          o    a logical network location at which the party executes,
               characterized by a transport protocol domain and
               transport addressing information,

          o    a single authentication protocol and associated
               parameters by which all protocol messages originated by
               the party are authenticated as to origin and integrity,
               and

          o    a single privacy protocol and associated parameters by
               which all protocol messages received by the party are
               protected from disclosure.


















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          Conceptually, each SNMPv2 party may be represented by an ASN.1
          value with the following syntax:

               SnmpParty ::= SEQUENCE {
                 partyIdentity
                    OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
                 partyTDomain
                    OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
                 partyTAddress
                    OCTET STRING,
                 partyMaxMessageSize
                    INTEGER,
                 partyAuthProtocol
                    OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
                 partyAuthClock
                    INTEGER,
                 partyAuthPrivate
                    OCTET STRING,
                 partyAuthPublic
                    OCTET STRING,
                 partyAuthLifetime
                    INTEGER,
                 partyPrivProtocol
                    OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
                 partyPrivPrivate
                    OCTET STRING,
                 partyPrivPublic
                    OCTET STRING
               }

          For each SnmpParty value that represents a SNMPv2 party, the
          following statements are true:

          o    Its partyIdentity component is the party identity.

          o    Its partyTDomain component is called the transport domain
               and indicates the kind of transport service by which the
               party receives network management traffic.  An example of
               a transport domain is snmpUDPDomain (SNMPv2 over UDP,
               using SNMPv2 parties).

          o    Its partyTAddress component is called the transport
               addressing information and represents a transport service
               address by which the party receives network management
               traffic.





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          o    Its partyMaxMessageSize component is called the maximum
               message size and represents the length in octets of the
               largest SNMPv2 message this party is prepared to accept.

          o    Its partyAuthProtocol component is called the
               authentication protocol and identifies a protocol and a
               mechanism by which all messages generated by the party
               are authenticated as to integrity and origin.  In this
               context, the value noAuth signifies that messages
               generated by the party are not authenticated as to
               integrity and origin.

          o    Its partyAuthClock component is called the authentication
               clock and represents a notion of the current time that is
               specific to the party.  The significance of this
               component is specific to the authentication protocol.

          o    Its partyAuthPrivate component is called the private
               authentication key and represents any secret value needed
               to support the authentication protocol.  The significance
               of this component is specific to the authentication
               protocol.

          o    Its partyAuthPublic component is called the public
               authentication key and represents any public value that
               may be needed to support the authentication protocol.
               The significance of this component is specific to the
               authentication protocol.

          o    Its partyAuthLifetime component is called the lifetime
               and represents an administrative upper bound on
               acceptable delivery delay for protocol messages generated
               by the party.  The significance of this component is
               specific to the authentication protocol.

          o    Its partyPrivProtocol component is called the privacy
               protocol and identifies a protocol and a mechanism by
               which all protocol messages received by the party are
               protected from disclosure.  In this context, the value
               noPriv signifies that messages received by the party are
               not protected from disclosure.

          o    Its partyPrivPrivate component is called the private
               privacy key and represents any secret value needed to
               support the privacy protocol.  The significance of this





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               component is specific to the privacy protocol.