rfc1325.txt

著名的RFC文档,其中有一些文档是已经翻译成中文的的.


RFC 1325            FYI Q/A - for New Internet Users            May 1992


      maintained by the IANA are:

         Address Resolution Protocol Parameters
         ARPANET and MILNET X.25 Address Mappings
         ARPANET and MILNET Logical Addresses
         ARPANET and MILNET Link Numbers
         BOOTP Parameters and BOOTP Extension Codes
         Domain System Parameters
         IANA Ethernet Address Blocks
         Ethernet Numbers of Interest
         IEEE 802 Numbers of Interest
         Internet Protocol Numbers
         Internet Version Numbers
         IP Time to Live Parameter
         IP TOS Parameters
         Machine Names
         Mainl Encryption Types
         Multicast Addresses
         Network Management Parameters
         Point-to-Point Protocol Field Assignments
         PRONET 80 Type Numbers
         Port Assignments
         Protocol and Service Names
         Protocol/Type Field Assignments
         Public Data Network Numbers
         Reverse Address Resolution Protocol Operation Codes
         TELNET Options
         Terminal Type Names
         Unix Ports
         X.25 Type Numbers

      For more information on number assignments, contact [e-mail].

   What is a NIC?  What is a NOC?

      "NIC" stands for Network Information Center.  It is an
      organization which provides network users with information about
      services provided by the network.

      "NOC" stands Network Operations Center.  It is an organization
      that is responsible for maintaining a network.

      For many networks, especially smaller, local networks, the
      functions of the NIC and NOC are combined.  For larger networks,
      such as mid-level and backbone networks, the NIC and NOC
      organizations are separate, yet they do need to interact to fully
      perform their functions.




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   What is "The NIC"?

      "The NIC" usually refers to the Defense Data Network, Network
      Information Center (DDN NIC), which is now at Network Solutions,
      Inc.  The DDN NIC is a network information center that maintains a
      repository for RFCs and Internet Drafts.  The host name is
      NIC.DDN.MIL.  Shadow copies of the RFCs and the Internet Drafts
      are maintained on several other hosts as well, including
      NIS.NSF.NET and FTP.NISC.SRI.COM.

      The DDN NIC also provides various user assistance services for DDN
      users; contact [e-mail] or call 1-800-365-3642 for more
      information.  In addition, the DDN NIC is the Internet
      registration authority for the root domain and several top and
      second level domains; maintains the official DoD Internet Host
      Table; is the site of the Internet Registry (IR); and maintains
      the WHOIS database of network users, hosts, domains, networks, and
      Points of Contact.

      This NIC was located for many years at SRI International, so you
      may also hear the term "SRI NIC".  SRI also maintains an online
      information repository and provides general Internet information
      services.  For example, the SRI Network Information Systems Center
      is currently the only site that provides paper copies of the RFCs,
      which are made available on a cost recovery basis.  Call 415-859-
      3695 for more information on this service.

   What is the IR?

      The Internet Registry (IR) is the organization that is responsible
      for assigning identifiers, such as IP network numbers and
      autonomous system numbers, to networks.  The IR also gathers and
      registers such assigned information.  The IR may, in the future,
      allocate the authority to assign network identifiers to other
      organizations; however, it will continue to gather data regarding
      such assignments.  At present, the DDN NIC at Network Solutions,
      Inc., serves as the IR.

8. Questions About Services

   How do I find someone's electronic mail address?

      There are a number of directories on the Internet; however, all of
      them are far from complete.  The largest directories are the WHOIS
      database at the DDN NIC, the PSInet White Pages, and KNOWBOT.
      Generally, it is still necessary to ask the person for his or her
      email address.




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RFC 1325            FYI Q/A - for New Internet Users            May 1992


   How do I use the WHOIS program at the DDN NIC?

      To use the WHOIS program to search the WHOIS database at the DDN
      NIC, TELNET to the NIC host, NIC.DDN.MIL.  There is no need to
      login.  Type "whois" to call up the information retrieval program.
      Next, type the name of the person, host, domain, network, or
      mailbox for which you need information.  If you are only typing
      part of the name, end your search string with a period.  Type
      "help" for a more in-depth explanation of what you can search for
      and how you can search.  If you have trouble, send a message to
      [e-mail] or call 1-800-365-3642.

   How do I become registered in the DDN NIC's WHOIS database?

      If you would like to be listed in the WHOIS database, you must
      have an electronic mailbox accessible from the Internet.  First
      obtain the file netinfo/user-template.txt.  You can retrieve this
      file via anonymous FTP from NIC.DDN.MIL.

      Fill out the name and address information requested in the file
      and return it to [e-mail].  Your application will be
      processed and you will be added to the database.  Unless you are
      an official Point of Contact for a network entity registered at
      the DDN NIC, the DDN NIC will not regularly poll you for updates,
      so you should remember to send corrections to your information as
      your contact data changes.

   How do I use the White Pages at PSI?

      Performance Systems International, Inc. (PSI), sponsors a White
      Pages Pilot Project that collects personnel information from
      member organizations into a database and provides online access to
      that data.  This effort is based on the OSI X.500 Directory
      standard.

      To access the data, TELNET to WP.PSI.COM and login as "fred" (no
      password is necessary).  You may now look up information on
      participating organizations.  The program provides help on usage.
      For example, typing "help" will show you a list of commands,
      "manual" will give detailed documentation, and "whois" will
      provide information regarding how to find references to people.
      For a list of the organizations that are participating in the
      pilot project by providing information regarding their members,
      type "whois -org *".

      For more information, send a message to [e-mail].





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RFC 1325            FYI Q/A - for New Internet Users            May 1992


   How do I use the Knowbot Information Service?

      The Knowbot Information Service is a white pages "meta-service"
      that provides a uniform interface to heterogeneous white pages
      services in the Internet.  Using the Knowbot Information Service,
      you can form a single query that can search for white pages
      information from the NIC WHOIS service, the PSI White Pages Pilot
      Project, and MCI Mail, among others, and have the responses
      displayed in a single, uniform format.

      Currently, the Knowbot Information Service can be accessed through
      TELNET to port 185 on hosts nri.reston.va.us and sol.bucknell.edu.
      From a UNIX host, use "telnet nri.reston.va.us 185".  There is
      also an electronic mail interface avaliable by sending mail to
      netaddress at either nri.reston.va.us or sol.bucknell.edu.

      The commands "help" and "man" summarize the command interface.
      Simply entering a user name at the prompt searches a default list
      of Internet directory services for the requested information.
      Organization and country information can be included thorgh the
      syntax: "[e-mail]".  For example, the queries
      "droms@bucknell" and "[e-mail]" are both valid.  Note that
      these are not Domain Names, but rather a syntax to specify an
      organization and a country for the search.

      The default list of directory services currently includes the
      whois services at the DDN NIC and the white pages service for
      MCIMail.  If an organization is specified, the PSI X.500 service
      is also searched.  Other services can be requested explicitly.

   What is USENET?  What is Netnews?

      USENET is the formal name, and Netnews a common informal name, for
      a distributed computer information service that some hosts on the
      Internet use.  USENET handles only news and not mail.  USENET uses
      a variety of underlying networks for transport, including parts of
      the Internet, UUCP, BITNET, and others.  USENET is not part of the
      Internet proper.  Netnews can be a valuable tool to economically
      transport traffic that would otherwise be sent via mail.  USENET
      has no central administration.

   How do I get on USENET?

      To get on USENET, you must acquire the software, which is
      available for some computers at no cost from some anonymous FTP
      sites across the Internet, and you must find an existing USENET
      site that is willing to support a connection to your computer.  In
      many cases, this "connection" merely represents additional traffic



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RFC 1325            FYI Q/A - for New Internet Users            May 1992


      over existing Internet access channels.

      One well-known anonymous FTP archive site for software and
      information regarding USENET is ftp.uu.net.  There is a "news"
      directory which contains many software distribution and
      information sub-directories.

      It is recommended that new users subscribe to and read
      news.announce.newusers since it will help to become oriented to
      USENET and the Internet.

   What is anonymous FTP?

      Anonymous FTP is a conventional way of allowing you to sign on to
      a computer on the Internet and copy specified public files from it
      [3].  Some sites offer anonymous FTP to distribute software and
      various kinds of information.  You use it like any FTP, but the
      username is "anonymous".  Many systems will allow any password and
      request that the password you choose is your userid.  If this
      fails, the generic password is usually "guest".

   What is "archie"?

      The archie system was created by a group at McGill University in
      Montreal to automatically track anonymous FTP archive sites, and
      this is still its primary function.  The system curently makes
      available the names and locations of some 1,500,000 files at some
      900 archive sites.

      Archie's User Access component allows you to search the "files"
      database for these filenames.  When matches are found, you are
      presented with the appropriate archive site name, IP address, the
      location within the archive, and other useful information.

      You can also use archie to "browse" through a site's complete
      listing in search of information of interest, or obtain a complete
      list of the archive sites known to that server.

      The archie server also offers a "package descriptions" (or
      "whatis") database. This is a collection of names and descriptions
      gathered from a variety of sources and can be used to identify
      files located throughout the Internet, as well as other useful
      information.  Files identified in the whatis database can then be
      found by searching the files database as described above.
      Additional databases are planned for the coming months.






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RFC 1325            FYI Q/A - for New Internet Users            May 1992


   How do I connect to archie?

      You can connect to archie in a variety of ways. There is a
      conventional TELNET interface, an electronic mail interface, and a
      variety of client programs available.  There are currently nine
      archie servers located throughout the world.

      To try the TELNET interface to archie you can TELNET to the host
      ARCHIE.MCGILL.CA and login as user "archie" (there is no password
      required).  Type "help" to get you started.  The "servers" command
      can be used to locate an archie server closer to your site.  Using
      an archie server closer to you relieves some of the load on the
      McGill host.

      You can obtain details on using the electronic mail interface by
      sending mail to "[e-mail]" with the word "help" in
      either the subject or body of the message.

      Documentation on archie is available for anonymous ftp from
      ARCHIE.MCGILL.CA in the subdirectory "archie/doc".  A variety of
      archie client programs are available in the subdirectory
      "archie/clients".  Questions, comments, and suggestions can be
      sent to the archie development group by sending mail to "archie-
      [e-mail]".

   What is "TELNET"?

      The term "TELNET" refers to the remote login that's possible on
      the Internet because of the TELNET Protocol [9].  The use of this
      term as a verb, as in "telnet to a host" means to establish a
      connection across the Internet from one host to another.  Usually,
      you must have an account on the remote host to be able to login to
      it once you've made a connection.  However, some hosts, such as
      those offering white pages directories, provide public services