rfc2150.txt

著名的RFC文档,其中有一些文档是已经翻译成中文的的.

   For more information on MUDs, and other collaborative environments,
   explore the references in the appendices.

5.2.4 Audio Video Conferencing

   Audio Video Conferencing has many applications in the arts as well as
   in business.  Using the Internet, teachers can reach students who
   cannot get to their schools, doctors can give medical consultations
   from around the world, and artists can perform in front an audience
   they would never have otherwise.

   CU-SeeMe is a freeware desktop videoconferencing software tool.  CU-
   SeeMe allows Macintosh and Windows users with an Internet connection
   and a desktop camera (some go for as little as $100) to see, hear and
   speak with other CU-SeeMe users across the world.  This program was
   developed at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, USA and is
   freely available.

   CU-SeeMe allows the user to have a one-to-one communication.  It is
   also possible to have a one-to-many or many-to-many communication by
   installing a reflector on another machine running the appropriate
   software.  The reflector software must be installed on a Unix
   machine.  The software can be obtained from Cornell University's CU-
   SeeMe page listed in Appendix B.

   Whiteboard systems also enhance audio visual conferencing.  A
   Whiteboard, which is analogous to a chalkboard, is physically quite
   similar.  Using a write-on wipe-off style of whiteboard, which has
   been electronically enhanced, allows people on the Internet to share
   text, drawings, and other graphic information which is being written
   in real-time.

   Software exists which allows connections between two sites, or
   hundreds, over the Internet, the Web, or your telephone.






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5.3  Archives

   Archive is defined in Webster's New World Dictionary as:
    n. 1 a) a place where public records, documents, etc. are kept b) a
    place where material having documentary interest, as private papers,
    institutional records, memorabilia, or photographs, is kept.

   Archives on the Internet are pretty much the exact same thing.  The
   motivation and much of the content is the same, but the media changes
   (from paper files, to electronic files), and as such allows for a
   much greater diversity of content.

   Archives on the Internet also allow many people access to their files
   simultaneously, and from all over the world.  Many archives on the
   Internet still reside on Anonymous FTP Servers, which allow users to
   log in without a user i.d. or password.  When connecting to these
   servers the protocol used is "ftp" the File Transfer Protocol, as
   mentioned previously in Section 4.3.

   Any and all information that people want to make available on the
   Internet can be.  This means there is a truly vast amount of
   information out there, with more being added every day.  In fact
   there is so much information that it is sometimes difficult and
   confusing to find the information you want.  This is the topic of our
   next section.

   Some anonymous ftp sites are provided in Appendix B.

5.3.1 Searching

   One of the great challenges facing the Internet is how to organize
   the vast amounts of information in ways that allow most people to
   find what they want.  In theory, there may be a "perfect"
   organization, but in practice, we will never achieve it.  This means
   that finding the information you want on the net may require some
   skill on your part.  Fortunately there are many tools and strategies
   that may be helpful.

   One of the all time great ideas for finding the information you want
   is a thing called a search engine.  A search engine is a computer
   program usually living on a remote computer that spends its time
   downloading information from other computers and building an index of
   what lives where.  This behavior has given them the nickname of Web
   Crawlers.  What this means to you, is that you can call up the Search







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   Engine's home page, and enter in a subject, name, title, or random
   string pattern, which is then used to search the engines index for
   stuff out on the net that seems related.  This can lead to both a
   large volume of information, and some rather startling discoveries of
   information from unsuspected sources.

   Some of the available Searchers and Indices on the Internet include:

   Yahoo      - Index of WWW sites, with search capabilities
                http://www.yahoo.com/
   DejaNews   - USENET (news groups) search engine
                http://www.dejanews.com/
   WebCrawler - http://query.webcrawler.com/
   Lycos      - http://www.lycos.com/
   AltaVista  - WWW and USENET search engine
                http://www.altavista.digital.com/
   Magellan   - Index of reviewed and rated Internet sites, with
                search capabilities
                http://www.mckinley.com/

   Yahoo, for example, has a high-level category called "Arts", which
   has a multitude of subcategories below it, most of which have further
   subdivision, each of which can contain lists of lists.

   For example, to find information on Modern Dance, from a starting
   point of http://www.yahoo.com/, you can follow the links to
   http://www.yahoo.com/Recreation/Dance/Modern/Groups or simply type
   "Modern Dance" into the search field and choose from a list of
   selections returned.

   On a typical attempt on March 25, 1997, Yahoo returned 4 major
   categories of Modern Dance, and offered 82 other links to related
   pages around the web.  Statistics, however, can be changing by the
   moment.

   There are many other Searchers and Indices on the Internet, and a
   good way to find them, is to do a search for them in one of the
   services above, or others you encounter in your travels.  The
   resources in Appendix B may also be helpful.

   After experimenting with the available search engines, it quickly
   becomes clear that searching on a broad category can result in too
   much information.  For example, a recent search at AltaVista for the
   subject "Rembrandt" matched over 8500 individual items, including
   information on the famous artist (Rembrandt von Rijn (1606-1669)),
   His Self-Portrait, a hotel in Thailand (Rembrandt Hotel and Plaza,
   Bangkok),  and a pizza restaurant in California.  (The URLs for these
   sites are listed under Rembrandt in Appendix B.)



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   To be more particular in what you find, all of the available search
   engines allow you to do compound searches, in which multiple keywords
   are used, possibly in combination with Boolean logic operators such
   as AND, OR, and NOT. For example, to focus in on Rembrandt the
   artist, at the exclusion of pizza cafes, try the following advanced
   search in Magellan:

   Rembrandt AND artist AND portrait NOT pizza

   Note that the method of entering search items differs slightly from
   service to service.  When trying a new service, check the available
   help topic before searching.  And as with any new skill, practice,
   practice, practice!

   Test of search scope:
     Lycos:     rembrandt.                       1837 relevant documents
     Lycos:     rembrandt and artist and portrait   6 relevant documents
     Yahoo:     rembrandt                 2 Category and 39 site matches
     Yahoo:     rembrandt and artist      2 Category and 11 site matches
     AltaVista: rembrandt                        about "10000" documents
     AltaVista: rembrandt +artist +museum          about "100" documents
     WebCrawler: rembrandt.                     347 matching "rembrandt"
     WebCrawler: rembrandt and artist and portrait 21 matching documents
     Magellan:  rembrandt                                    666 results
     Magellan:  rembrandt and artist and portrait          39379 results

   You will notice, in the above statistics, that the numbers for
   Magellan are quite different from the others.  This is because
   different search engines may function differently.  When you do a
   this+that search on Magellan, it looks for all instances of This AND
   all instances of That rather than the standard response of Only
   documents which contain both This AND That.  On almost all the sites
   I have explored, there is an explanation of how the search process
   works on that site.  You should read that explanation if you are
   having trouble or need further information.

   You will also begin to see patterns in the way people name, or file,
   their information, which will help you find more information.  Some
   may list their links to ART, while others list their links to
   PAINTINGS.  Also many people put links to related pages in their
   pages, so one page you find that does not have what you are looking
   for, may have a pointer to another page that does have what you are
   looking for. Searching is an iterative process, keep going from one
   search key to another, and continue down multiple levels to see what
   is out there.  Its known as Exploring, or Surfing the Net, and it is
   a major part of the joy of the Internet.





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6. Accessing the Internet

   Having decided to explore the Internet, you will need some tools and
   information to get you started.

   Accessing the Internet in terms of simply receiving, downloading, and
   viewing files, uses most of the same tools (software and hardware)
   needed to create files and make them available on the Internet.
   Sections 6 and 7 overlap a great deal in the areas of basic hardware
   and software.

   The Internet can be accessed in many comfortable ways: at school, at
   home, at work, and even at trendy CyberCoffeeHouses.  Accessing the
   Internet is not synonymous with publishing and displaying on the
   Internet, however.  You may need different equipment for creating
   content, then you need for retrieving content.  Section 6 focuses on
   the specific needs of those who wish to create content and publish on
   the Internet.

   If you live near a major metropolitan area you may have already begun
   to see advertising for Internet access from your local telephone
   company, or cable TV provider.  Contact them to get information on
   equipment needed, services provided, access restrictions and costs
   involved.

   Local libraries and schools may now offer both Internet Access, and
   instruction on Internet related subjects, including getting
   connected.  Check the Internet sections of your bookstore and
   magazine stands.

   Do not be dissuaded if you find limited access.  The Internet will
   soon be everywhere, but if you do not want to wait, then you might
   consider taking matters into your own hands as these enterprising
   youths did...

      When several students from large universities returned home to
      Taos, NM, a few summers ago, they left behind their Internet
      connections.  Missing their connectivity, they approached the
      owner of a local bakery and suggested he start an Internet room
      where he could charge people by the hour to use the Internet.  The
      entrepreneurial baker applied for a government grant and received
      a few computers with high speed modems.

   You may be able to find a place like this, often called a CyberCafe,
   rather than having to create one.  Try your local magazine stand for
   the latest periodicals, or your public library or bookstore for
   pointers to other people who will know more.




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   Once you have some Internet access, you can find out more about
   Cybercafes, InternetCafes, and other physical Internet access points,
   by searching as described in Section 5.3.1. and in the newsgroup
   alt.cybercafes.

6.1 Internet Service Providers

   Being an Internet Service Provider (ISP) these days is pretty easy
   and can be financially worthwhile, so there are alot of them, and
   they are starting and failing every day.  In addition to the
   information and pointers you will find in this document, many
   organizations exist to help you locate, and choose a service
   p