rfc2150.txt

著名的RFC文档,其中有一些文档是已经翻译成中文的的.

   The Internet provides a forum in which diverse cultures can merge,
   and allows people to visit faraway places from the privacy and safety
   of their own computer.  The Internet explorer will also find that
   many sites are multilingual.

   Once you have the basic tools for using the Internet you will begin
   to understand how easy, helpful, informative, and exciting it can be.
   With a few quick strokes you have accessed a great library, museum,
   or gallery, toured a faraway city, or looked up an old friend.  You
   might find an out of print book you have always wanted, then either
   read it on your computer screen, or print it out on your printer.  If
   you do not have a printer, simply save it to your floppy disk and
   bring that to a printshop or friend with a printer.  It really is
   that easy.

   You could spend the afternoon at the Smithsonian, or the Louvre
   without ever leaving your chair.  For a more athletic adventure, you
   could put your computer in front of your treadmill, and jog through
   the online Olympics site.

   When you are ready, you can explore deeper.  Follow other links to
   smaller sites, lesser known writers, artists, poets, and thinkers,
   and discover the emerging world they are creating.  With the proper
   tools you can even view moving pictures, and listen to music and
   other audio.

   Perhaps you would like to locate a rare album, or debate one
   musicians merit over anothers.  Perhaps you prefer to discuss and
   compare the works of others with producers, collectors, gallery
   owners or other professionals in your field, or related fields.  You
   might want to find out who's hot and why.  You could also find out
   where, and when shows, showings, benefits, conferences, releases,
   signings, and performances are taking place, or announce your own.

   They say that for every artist, there is a critic, and you could meet
   one, or be one, on the Internet.

2.2 Sharing Your Work and Collaborating with Others

   Artists often want to share their work with other artists so that
   they can get peer comments and recognition.  The Internet is a great
   place to explore new ideas with other artists as well.

   Perhaps you are a painter who has developed a method for keeping
   acrylics moist during long sessions, or a photographer who has
   discovered a new lighting technique.  You could make the information
   available over the Internet to enlighten others, or to get their
   feedback.



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RFC 2150          Humanities and Arts on the Internet       October 1997


   Perhaps you've had difficulty in some aspect of your work, and you'd
   like to talk to others who have had similar experiences to find out
   how they solved them.

   There are many types of content that artists can share.  Including:

      - text: stories, poetry, historic accounts, transcripts, etc.
      - images of their visual work: paintings, photographs,
        sculpture, etc.
      - images of themselves: photographs, self-portraits, etc.
      - sound files of their audio works or voice presentations of
        their works: books on tape, speeches, tutorials, music, etc.
      - moving pictures: video arts, performance arts, etc.
      - a description of their art process and works of art
      - resumes and biographical data
      - contact information in the form of electronic mail address,
        postal mail address, phone, etc.  Electronic mail is most
        popular because it allows people to respond spontaneously.

   After you've met some of the global critics, and compared your work
   with others, you may feel so bold as to share your work with others.
   Perhaps emailing a manuscript to a publisher, or putting up scans of
   your art will entice a buyer.  Perhaps it will entice a critic to say
   wonderful things about your work.

   Perhaps putting your work on the Internet will bring fortune and
   fame, or perhaps it will encourage others to put their work up.
   Increasing the cultural content of the Internet will have profound
   results in all areas of the Arts.

   There are many ways of collaborating over the Internet.  As mentioned
   in previous sections it is easy to see how to communicate and
   exchange work with other artists from anywhere in the world.  In
   addition, there are art and literature projects which explore the
   Internet by asking people to submit their feelings, thoughts, and
   ideas through the Internet.  Some of these projects will allow
   interested people to come to them, others may be distributed in
   various ways to actively seek out people interested in participation.

   There are also games which are played over the Internet, by players
   all over the planet.  These types of games, which are described in
   greater detail in Section 5, can be both entertaining and
   educational.  Some games offer players the opportunity to alter the
   environment, so that ideas and information contained in the game
   evolve over time into a jointly constructed experience.






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2.3 Freely Available Software, and Other Information

   There is a world of useful software available to you via the
   Internet.  Known as Shareware, Public Domain, or Freely Copyable, you
   can find many software programs you may download and use on your own
   machine, often completely free, occasionally for a small and/or
   optional fee which helps the author to afford to create more software
   for general use. There are also libraries, stores, and news groups
   you can peruse in search of just the tool or information you want.

   As you explore the Internet, you will begin to find information that
   is beyond your reach without the right tools for viewing, listening,
   etc.  For example, someone may have put up a sound file using a
   format which cannot be recognized by the software you have installed.
   In these cases, that person will often have included a pointer to the
   exact tool necessary to recognize their format, or convert the
   format, and you can download, install, and use this tool right away.
   More information on file formats is provided throughout the document.

   Using the basic tools acquired to access the Internet, you can begin
   to add to your collection software tools, both for accessing the
   information already on the Internet, and for creating your own
   content.  After reading this document you will have the tools
   necessary to find and use this information.

   Appendix B provides a list of Internet sites, where communication
   about the arts, and freely copyable software tools and art, among
   other things, can be found.

   There are many people both like, and unlike, yourself with whom you
   can meet, communicate, and share ideas.  Some like to just talk, you
   can listen if you like.  Others like to just listen, so you and
   others can talk.

   There are also many forms that communication can take, from private
   electronic mail, to group video conferencing, to moderated
   newsgroups, to public bulletin boards.  See Section 5 for additional
   information on Electronic Forums.

3. What is the Internet?

   As new users, the first question that probably comes to mind is:
   "What is the Internet?"  A good answer is: "People, computers and
   information electronically linked around the world by a common
   protocol for communicating with each other."






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   The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was founded in the late
   1960s.  Among its many projects, ARPA created a network of computers
   called the ARPANET.  As other networks were created, most were
   connected to the ARPANET, and the resulting network that
   interconnected many networks was named, "The Internet".  At last
   count, this "Information Superhighway" connects several million
   computers and over 40 million users from all over the world.

   The Internet should not be confused with America OnLine (AOL),
   CompuServe, Prodigy, and other type service providers, which may use
   their own, often proprietary protocols and are sites unto themselves
   but may also have connections to the Internet.  The Internet should
   also not be confused with the World Wide Web which is the topic of
   the next section.

3.1 What is the World Wide Web?

   The World Wide Web, generally referred to as simply, The Web, is
   comprised of a subset of the computers on the Internet.

   You can visualize the World Wide Web as a giant magazine stand with a
   vast web of strings connecting various words pictures and ideas.
   Like a magazine rack, you may quickly select a chosen magazine, or
   you may browse, following the strings from magazine to magazine.

   More formally, the Web is vast multimedia "document" distributed
   among a large number of the computers on the Internet.

   There is no central hierarchy that organizes the Web.  Instead, the
   information is distributed among many "Web Sites" created and used by
   the many people on the Internet.  Each Web Site is much like a
   magazine in that it has a Cover Page, called the Home Page, and other
   pages of related information that can be connected in whatever way
   the author wishes.  This "document" is in a format called "hypertext"
   which allows information in the web to be linked by words or pictures
   viewed on the computer.

   The Web is broken up into a large set of pages, called "Web Pages",
   of information connected by hypertext "links" which let you click on
   a highlighted word or picture to call up a page of related
   information.  This is what differentiates hyper-text from "normal"
   text.  In "normal" text, each idea, sentence or paragraph is
   connected in a sequence or "train of thought", from beginning to end.
   In hypertext however, tracks of ideas branch out through "Links", so
   that each idea may be connected to many different "trains of
   thought".  This ability to follow an idea to many different
   destinations allows you to read hypertext documents in a way more
   naturally resembling human thought.



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   For example, you might create a "Cool Music" Web Page and place it on
   a "Web Server", which is any computer somewhere on the Internet
   running the software needed to provide access to the resident Web
   Pages.  Anyone on the Internet could then use a piece of software
   called a "Web Browser" to ask the Web Server to view your Home Page.

   This Home Page could be a striking artwork featuring a list of your
   favorite albums and a few labeled buttons.  While your music plays
   from their speakers they might choose to click on any album that
   catches their eye, or go to lists of information sorted by Artist,
   Label, or Genre.  Once they get to the page for a particular album,
   they might see the artwork, a song list, and other links to follow.
   Clicking on a song might pull up the song lyrics, or perhaps even
   download the song.  Or they could follow a link you provided from
   your page to the HomePage of the artists record company, or to a
   magazine interview of the band.  If the information is out there,
   your page could link to it.

   At last check there were hundreds of thousands of web sites, home
   pages, and hosts on the Web.  The contents of those sites are almost
   as varied.  Some pages are personal pages containing photos of family
   members, lists of hobbies, or the sharing of collections such as song
   lyrics.  Some pages are strictly business, selling everything from
   abalone to zymoscopes.  Still other pages provide services such as
   information searches, and weather reports.

   Human culture is based on communication, and the widespread
   availability of information and the thought-like constructions of
   hypertext are the most powerful new ideas in communication since the
   invention of writing.  A glance back at history will easily show how
   written language has shaped our societies.  These results are only a
   foreshadowing of the things to come.

4. How Does the Internet Work?

   While it is not necessary to understand how the Internet works in
   order to use it, a brief technical overview will introduce you to
   some concepts and terms that will be used in the sections ahead.

   As we go into more detail here, we are assuming that you, the reader,
   have at least a passing familiarity with computers.  Section 6.2
   provides more information on computer hardware and software.

   On one level, networks are built out of wires, phone lines, and other
   pieces of hardware, and the Internet is indeed built of all these
   things.  The essence of the Internet however is built out of an idea
   called the Internet Protocol.




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RFC 2150          Humanities and Arts on the Internet       October 1997


   There are many different kinds of computers.  Most of them work by
   encoding information into ones and zeroes, which they can manipulate