rfc2901.txt

著名的RFC文档,其中有一些文档是已经翻译成中文的的.

   Once your local IR is established, you will get detailed information
   on how to submit requests to the RIPE NCC hostmaster.

   Send the completed form via email to RIPE NCC at:

      [e-mail]

   If you have general queries, please contact RIPE NCC at:

      [e-mail]

E.  Section References

   For more information on IP addresses, see RFC 1518, "An Architecture
   for IP Address Allocation with CIDR" and RFC 2050, "Internet Registry
   IP Allocation Guidelines".

III.    Autonomous Systems (AS)

   STEP THREE:  IF NEEDED, OBTAIN AN AUTONOMOUS SYSTEM NUMBER.

A.  What is an ASN and do I need one?

   Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs) are used to facilitate routing in
   multi-homed environments.  They are allocated when your routing
   policy is different from your provider's.  This generally means your
   site is multi-homed.  In nearly all cases, unless you are multi-homed
   to more than one ISP, you will not need an ASN.  If your routing
   policy does not differ from your service provider's, you should use



Wenzel, et al.               Informational                     [Page 13]

RFC 2901      Administrative Internet Infrastructure Guide   August 2000


   the service provider's ASN.  If there is constant traffic between you
   and a point in another country, you may want to connect to a second
   ISP in that country.  Note that the resultant multi-homing generally
   makes the system more robust and may also change registry (and
   therefore request) relationships.  It also increases costs greatly.

   You may have to reduce traffic on your international lines by
   choosing to connect to a local exchange point.  This allows traffic
   to stay within your country and off of expensive international links.
   If you implement this plan, you will be multi-homed and will need to
   read the autonomous systems and routing sections of this document.

B.  How do I register an ASN?

   Since the ASN space is quite limited, request only what you really
   need when you need it.

   For Countries in the APNIC Region

   APNIC-066 is the ASN Request Form. The form is located at:

      http://ftp.apnic.net/apnic/docs/asn-request

   Send the completed form via email to APNIC at:

      [e-mail]

   For Countries in the ARIN Region

   A complete listing of assigned ASNs is located at:

      ftp://rs.arin.net/netinfo/asn.txt

   The ASN registration form is located at:

      ftp://rs.arin.net/templates/asntemplate.txt
   or
      http://www.arin.net/templates/asntemplate.txt

   Send the completed form via email to ARIN at:

      [e-mail]

   with "ASN request" in the subject field.







Wenzel, et al.               Informational                     [Page 14]

RFC 2901      Administrative Internet Infrastructure Guide   August 2000


   For Countries in the RIPE Region

   The European Autonomous System Number Application Form and Supporting
   Notes form (RIPE-147) is located at:

      ftp://ftp.ripe.net/ripe/docs/ripe-147.txt

   Local IRs can send the completed form via email to RIPE at:

   [e-mail]

C.  Section References

   For more information on ASNs, see RFC 1930, "Autonomous Systems
   (AS)".

IV.     Routing and Exchange Points

   STEP FOUR: IF NEEDED, REGISTER WITH A ROUTING DATABASE.

A.  Do I need to register with a routing database?

   You do not need to register with a routing database if you are simply
   carrying default routes to your (single) ISP.  If you get your
   address space from an ISP, the ISP will register you.  If you are
   connected to more than one ISP, then you should register with a
   routing database.

   The more multi-homed you are, the larger your routing tables need to
   be.  If you are connected to public exchange points (see examples
   below), or to more than one backbone ISP, you need to carry full
   routing tables and run without a default route.

   Example European Exchange Points:

   LINX            London Internet Exchange
   M9-IX           Moscow Internet Exchange
   NIX.CZ          Neutral Internet Exchange, Czech Republic

   Example Asia/Pacific Exchange Points:

   AUIX            Australia Internet Exchange
   HKIX            Hong Kong Internet Exchange
   JPIX            Japan Internet Exchange







Wenzel, et al.               Informational                     [Page 15]

RFC 2901      Administrative Internet Infrastructure Guide   August 2000


   Example Americas Exchange Points:

   MAE-EAST        Metropolitan Area Ethernet - East
   MAE-WEST        Metropolitan Area Ethernet - West
   PAIX            Palo Alto Internet Exchange

   Depending on the requirements of your international ISP, you may be
   able to have only a default route to them and specific routes to
   other suppliers if you have an in-country exchange point.  Or they
   may require that you carry a full set of routes, treating your
   connection to the in-country exchange point as if it were a multi-
   homed connection.

B.  What about CIDR and routing?

   All registries use CIDR. All major router vendors (Cisco, 3Com,
   Nortel, Proteon, IBM, etc.) support CIDR.  CIDR Internet routers use
   only the prefix of the destination address to route traffic to a
   subnetted environment.

C.  How do I choose a routing database?

   The Internet Routing Registry (IRR) describes registries maintained
   by several national and international networking organizations.
   These currently include the RIPE Network Coordination Centre (NCC),
   ANS (Advanced Network Solutions, Inc.), Bell Canada (formerly
   CA*net), Cable and Wireless (CW), and the Routing Arbiter Database
   (RADB).  The IRR is a way for ASNs to publicize their own intended
   routing policies without having to request a change from a go-
   between.

   "whois" queries to "whois.ra.net" return data that they gather from
   the entire IRR set of routing registries.  Tools such as "peval" and
   "rtconfig" return data only from the RADB.  Thus, when running those
   tools and desiring data from a set of registries, one must enumerate
   them as in the following example.  "whois" queries to the client
   configure the precedence of routing databases.  For example:

      @RtConfig set sources = "TEST, RADB, RIPE, ANS, BELL, CW"

   There are several other registries, such as ALTDB.  A list, and other
   information on RADB, is available at:

      http://www.radb.net/

   As of January 1, 2000, the transition to the Routing Policy
   Specification Language (RSPL) is complete.  RIPE-181 object
   submissions are no longer accepted.  For more information, see:



Wenzel, et al.               Informational                     [Page 16]

RFC 2901      Administrative Internet Infrastructure Guide   August 2000


      http://www.merit.edu/radb/announce.html

   With the exception of the Routing Arbiter Database, each registry
   serves a limited customer base.  ANS, Cable and Wireless, and Bell
   Canada accept routing registrations for their customers alone, and
   the RIPE NCC oversees European registrations. The Routing Arbiter
   Database is unique in that it handles registrations for networking
   organizations not covered by the other routing registries. The
   Routing Arbiter also provides coordination among all the registries
   to ensure consistent representation of routing policies.

   All Regional IRs need to register with one (only one) of the routing
   databases in the IRR. If you are announcing routes via BGP4, you need
   to register your routes in the Routing Registry in only one of the
   IRR's.  Logically, this will be the "closest" IRR to you.  However,
   note that some ISPs do not use the regional registries or RADB.

D.  How do I register in the RADB (The Americas)?

   You need to submit three types of database records to the RADB: one
   or more maintainer objects, an AS object, and one or more route
   objects.

   To specify the individuals who are allowed to update your records in
   the RADB, fill out one or more maintainer objects and send them via
   email to:

      [e-mail]

   You need to submit a maintainer object before you can register any AS
   or route objects.

   To describe the autonomous system that announces your routes, fill
   out an AS object and submit it via email to:

      [e-mail]

   AS objects are also called aut-num objects.

   To register your routes, fill out one or more route objects, and send
   them to RADB via email to:

      [e-mail]

   Note that most of the IRR participants have the [e-mail] email
   address function for accepting updates to the IRR automatically.





Wenzel, et al.               Informational                     [Page 17]

RFC 2901      Administrative Internet Infrastructure Guide   August 2000


E.  Section References

   For more information on routers, see RFC 1812, "Requirements for IP
   Version 4 Routers".  See also RFC 1786, "Representation of IP Routing
   Policies in a Routing Registry (ripe-181++)".

   For more information on CIDR and routing, see RFC 1817, "CIDR and
   Classful Routing".

V.      Domain Name Registration

   STEP FIVE:  REGISTER YOUR DOMAIN NAME.

A.  What is a country domain?

   The Domain Name System (DNS) specifies the naming of computers within
   a hierarchy.  Top-Level Domain (TLD) names include generic TLDs
   (gTLDs) and two-letter country codes (ccTLDs).  Examples of gTLDs
   include .com (commercial), .net (network), and .org (organization).
   Examples of two-letter country codes are .ca for Canada, .fr for
   France, and .id for Indonesia.  ISO 3166 is used as a basis for
   country code top-level domain names.  Country codes are assigned by
   the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in
   cooperation with the United Nations.  The Internet Assigned Numbers
   Authority (IANA) directly registers all country-code top-level
   domains, however it is not involved in the allocation of codes to
   countries.  IANA is a function of the Internet Corporation for
   Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN, see Appendix A).  See ISO 3166 for
   more information and a current listing of country codes (Appendix C).

   A hierarchy of names may, and normally should be, created under each
   TLD.  There is a wide variation in the structure of country domains.
   In some countries there is a substantial hierarchy, while in others
   the structure is flat.  In some country domains the second levels are
   generic categories, while in others they are based on geography, and
   in still others, organization names are listed directly under the
   country code.  Examples of second level generic categories are ac or
   edu (academic or education), co or com (corporate or commercial), and
   go or gov (government).

B.  How do I register as a country domain?

   First check that: (1) the domain is still available, few are, (2) you
   have someone in your country as the administrative contact, and (3)
   your name servers are prepared (see RFC 1912 for information on
   common errors in preparing name servers).





Wenzel, et al.               Informational                     [Page 18]

RFC 2901      Administrative Internet Infrastructure Guide   August 2000


   The whois master database is the authoritative source of information
   on .com, .net, .org, and .edu domain name registrations.  It is
   currently maintained by Network Solutions, Inc. and holds referral
   pointers to which whois database contains the record for the domain
   name.

   To apply to manage a country code top-level domain you should:

   1. First, if you are on a UNIX host, use the "whois" command to see
   if the domain is already registered:

      whois =<domain>

   2. If the domain does not already have an administrative contact,
   request a Domain Name Agreement template from IANA by sending email
   to:

      [e-mail]

C.  What if my country is already registered?

   If your country is already registered, contact the country-code
   administrator to register a new second-level domain name.

   Please note that ARIN, RIPE, and APNIC do not handle domain names
   (other than IN-ADDR.ARPA).  If you want to register a domain name
   directly under a top-level domain (TLD), please contact the
   appropriate TLD administrator.

D.  How do I resolve a country domain name dispute?