rfc1206.txt

著名的RFC文档,其中有一些文档是已经翻译成中文的的.

      use the news.  As the FAQ list provide new users with the answers
      to such questions, it helps keep the newsgroups themselves
      comparatively free of repetition.  Often specific newsgroups will
      have and frequently post versions of a FAQ list that are specific
      to their topics.

      Other information is also routinely posted.  Here are the subject
      lines of several general information postings provided on Usenet:

         Answers to Frequently Asked Questions  (the "FAQ" list)
         Introduction to news.announce
         Rules for posting to Usenet
         How to Create a New Newsgroup
         How to Create a New Trial Newsgroup
         A Primer on How to Work With the Usenet Community
         Emily Postnews Answers Your Questions on Netiquette
         Hints on writing style for Usenet
         USENET Software: History and Sources
         List of Active Newsgroups
         Alternative Newsgroup Hierarchies
         How to Construct the Mailpaths File
         Regional Newsgroup Hierarchies
         List of Moderators
         Publicly Accessible Mailing Lists
         List of Periodic Informational Postings
         How to Get Information about Networks
         A Guide to Social Newsgroups and Mailing Lists

11. Suggested Reading

   For further information about the Internet and its protocols in
   general, you may choose to obtain copies of the following works:





User Services Working Group                                    [Page 18]

RFC 1206            FYI Q/A - for New Internet Users       February 1991


      Bowers, K., T. LaQuey, J. Reynolds, K. Roubicek, M. Stahl, and A.
      Yuan, "Where to Start - A Bibliography of General Internetworking
      Information", RFC 1175, FYI 3, CNRI, U Texas, ISI, BBN, SRI,
      Mitre, August 1990.

      Comer, D., "Internetworking with TCP/IP: Principles, Protocols,
      and Architecture", Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1989.

      Krol, E., "The Hitchhikers Guide to the Internet", RFC 1118,
      University of Illinois Urbana, September 1989.

12. References

   [1] Reynolds, J., and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", RFC 1060,
       USC/Information Sciences Institute, March 1990.

   [2] Postel, J., Editor, "IAB Official Protocol Standards", RFC 1140,
       Internet Activities Board, May 1990.

   [3] Postel, J., and J. Reynolds, "File Transfer Protocol (FTP), RFC
       959, USC/Information Sciences Institute, October 1985.

   [4] Postel, J., "Internet Protocol - DARPA Internet Program Protocol
       Specification", RFC 791, DARPA, September 1981.

   [5] Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol - DARPA Internet
       Program Protocol Specification", RFC 793, DARPA, September 1981.

   [6] Leiner, B., R. Cole, J. Postel, and D. Mills, "The DARPA Internet
       Protocol Suite", IEEE INFOCOM85, Washington D.C., March 1985.
       Also in IEEE Communications Magazine, March 1985.  Also as
       ISI/RS-85-153.

   [7] Cerf, V., "The Internet Activities Board" RFC 1160, CNRI, May
       1990.

   [8] Postel, J., "Simple Mail Transport Protocol", RFC 788,
       USC/Information Sciences Institute, November 1981.

   [9] Postel, J., and J. Reynolds, "TELNET Protocol Specification", RFC
       854, USC/Information Sciences Institute, May 1983.

  [10] Postel, J., "Request for Comments on Request for Comments -
       Instructions to RFC Authors", RFC 1111, USC/Information Sciences
       Institute, August 1989.






User Services Working Group                                    [Page 19]

RFC 1206            FYI Q/A - for New Internet Users       February 1991


13. Condensed Glossary

   As with any profession, computers have a particular terminology all
   their own.  Below is a condensed glossary to assist in making some
   sense of the Internet world.

   ACM     Association for Computer Machinery
           A group established in 1947 to promote professional
           development and research on computers.

   address There are two separate uses of this term in internet
           networking: "electronic mail address" and "internet
           address".   An electronic mail address is the string
           of characters that you must give an electronic mail
           program to direct a message to a particular person.
           See "internet address" for its definition.

   AI      Artificial Intelligence
           The branch of computer science which deals with the
           simulation of human intelligence by computer systems.

   AIX     Advanced Interactive Executive
           IBM's version of Unix.

   ANSI    American National Standards Institute
           A group that certifies organizations which develop U.S.
           standards for the information processing industry.  ANSI
           accredited groups participate in defining network protocol
           standards.

   ARP     Address Resolution Protocol
           An Internet protocol which runs on Ethernet and all IEEE
           802.X LANs which maps internet addresses to MAC addresses.

   ARPA    Advanced Research Projects Agency
           The former name of what is now called DARPA.

   ARPANET Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
           A pioneering long haul network funded by ARPA.  It
           served as the basis for early networking research as
           well as a central backbone during the development of
           the Internet.  The ARPANET consisted of individual
           packet  switching computers interconnected by leased lines.

   AS      Autonomous System
           A collection of gateways (routers) under a single
           administrative authority using a common Interior Gateway
           Protocol for routing packets.



User Services Working Group                                    [Page 20]

RFC 1206            FYI Q/A - for New Internet Users       February 1991


   ASCII   American Standard Code for Information Interchange


   B       Byte
           One character of information, usually eight bits wide.

   b       bit - binary digit
           The smallest amount of information which may be stored
           in a computer.

   BBN     Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc.
           The Cambridge, MA company responsible for development,
           operation and monitoring of the ARPANET, and later,
           the Internet core gateway system, the CSNET Coordination
           and Information Center (CIC), and NSFNET Network
           Service Center (NNSC).

   BITNET  Because It's Time Network
           BITNET has about 2,500 host computers, primarily at
           universities, in many countries.  It is managed by
           EDUCOM, which provides administrative support and
           information services.  There are three
           main constituents of the network: BITNET in the United
           States and Mexico, NETNORTH in Canada, and EARN in
           Europe.  There are also AsiaNet, in Japan, and
           connections in South America.  See CREN.

   bps     bits per second
           A measure of data transmission speed.

   BSD     Berkeley Software Distribution
           Term used when describing different versions
           of the Berkeley UNIX software, as in "4.3BSD
           UNIX".


   catenet A network in which hosts are connected to networks
           with varying characteristics, and the networks
           are interconnected by gateways (routers).  The
           Internet is an example of a catenet.

   CCITT   International Telegraph and Telephone
           Consultative Committee

   core gateway
           Historically, one of a set of gateways (routers)
           operated by the Internet Network Operations Center
           at BBN.  The core gateway system forms a central part



User Services Working Group                                    [Page 21]

RFC 1206            FYI Q/A - for New Internet Users       February 1991


           of Internet routing in that all groups had to advertise
           paths to their networks from a core gateway.

   CREN    The Corporation for Research and Educational Networking
           BITNET and CSNET have recently merged to form CREN.

   CSNET   Computer + Science Network
           A large data communications network for institutions doing
           research in computer science.   It uses several different
           protocols including some of its own.  CSNET sites include
           universities, research laboratories, and commercial
           companies.  See CREN.


   DARPA   U.S. Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
           The government agency that funded the ARPANET and later
           started the Internet.

   datagram
           The unit transmitted between a pair of internet modules.
           The Internet Protocol provides for transmitting blocks of
           data, called datagrams, from sources to destinations.
           The Internet Protocol does not provide a reliable
           communication facility.  There are no acknowledgements
           either end-to-end or hop-by-hop.  There is no error
           control for data, only a header checksum.  There are
           no retransmissions.  There is no flow control.  See IP.

   DCA     Defense Communications Agency
           The government agency responsible for installation of
           the Defense Data Network (DDN), including the ARPANET
           and MILNET lines and PSNs.  Currently, DCA administers
           the DDN, and supports the user assistance and network
           registration services of the DDN NIC.

   DDN     Defense Data Network
           Comprises the MILNET and several other DoD networks.

   DDN NIC The network information center at SRI International.
           It is the primary repository for RFCs and Internet Drafts,
           as well as providing other services.

   DEC     Digital Equipment Corporation

   DECnet  Digital Equipment Corporation network
           A networking protocol for DEC computers and network devices.





User Services Working Group                                    [Page 22]

RFC 1206            FYI Q/A - for New Internet Users       February 1991


   default route
           A routing table entry which is used to direct any data
           addressed to any network numbers not explicitly listed
           in the routing table.

   DNS     The Domain Name System is a mechanism used in
           the Internet for translating names of host computers
           into addresses.  The DNS also allows host computers
           not directly on the Internet to have registered
           names in the same style, but returns the electronic
           mail gateway which accesses the non-Internet network
           instead of an IP address.

   DOD     U.S. Department of Defense

   DOE     U.S. Department of Energy

   dot address (dotted address notation)
           Dot address refers to the common notation for Internet
           addresses of the form A.B.C.D; where each letter represents,
           in decimal, one byte of the four byte IP address.

   EARN    European Academic Research Network
           One of three main constituents of BITNET.

   EBCDIC  Extended Binary-coded Decimal Interchange Code

   EGP     Exterior Gateway Protocol
           A protocol which distributes routing information to the
           gateways (routers) which connect autonomous systems.

   Ethernet
           A network standard for the hardware and data link levels.
           There are two types of Ethernet: Digital/Intel/Xerox (DIX)
           and IEEE 802.3.


   FDDI    Fiber Distributed Data Interface
           FDDI is a high-speed (100Mb) token ring LAN.

   FIPS    Federal Information Processing Standard

   FTP     File Transfer Protocol
           The Internet standard high-level protocol for
           transferring files from one computer to another.






User Services Working Group                                    [Page 23]

RFC 1206            FYI Q/A - for New Internet Users       February 1991


   gateway See router