rfc1210.txt

著名的RFC文档,其中有一些文档是已经翻译成中文的的.

Cerf, Kirstein, & Randell                                      [Page 16]

RFC 1210      Network and Infrastructure User Requirements    March 1991


   provide intercontinental packet video, multimedia conferencing and
   computer supported collaborative group technology facilities.  The
   workshop should propose actions which could be made the basis of a
   future harmonised ESPRIT and DARPA/NSF work programme.

6.9  Access to Unique Resources

   A number of resources can be labelled unique in the scope of
   ESPRIT/DARPA/NSF or even on a worldwide basis.  Their uniqueness may
   derive from their nature (e.g., large test facilities or a focus
   point of knowledge in a discipline) or be such in a transitory phase.
   In the spirit of the future EC/US cooperation, it is clear that there
   should be agreed access to some such resources.  This will require:

   (i)   Provision of appropriate access and usage information;

   (ii)  Physical access for visitors;

   (iii) Continued non-local access.

   The third point has clear networking implication.  Appropriate remote
   access to the resources, connectivity to the users and adequate
   access speeds have to be provided, possibly together with access
   control facilities.

   The most demanding cases are those of newly developed products; their
   transitory uniqueness does not allow one to amortise costs over
   substantial periods as would be reasonable for large scale centres
   like NCAR or CERN.

6.9.1  One Year Target

   (i)   Identify appropriate unique transitory resources
         (e.g., Touchstone);

   (ii)  Specify the provisions needed to make at least one such
         resource available.

6.9.2  Three Year Target

   Set up one or more significant transatlantic pilots demonstrating
   remote, secured access.

6.9.3  Recommended Actions

   Organise a workshop dedicated to analysing the needs and defining the
   steps required to provide pilot access to one or more specific such
   resources.  The workshop may need to address networking needs,



Cerf, Kirstein, & Randell                                      [Page 17]

RFC 1210      Network and Infrastructure User Requirements    March 1991


   security provisions, documentation and advisory requirements,
   modification of current access capabilities, and usage policies.

6.10  Distributed Visualization

   Scientific visualization applications often involve multiple
   resources.  These resources can span a complete range of
   sophistication, from simple hardcopy at one end to elaborate
   rendering at the other end.  Interactive graphics workstations,
   supercomputers and specialized scientific databases may all be
   involved in a single application.  The scientist at a workstation
   should be able to view all of these resources as a single network
   resource, although they may be physically distributed over
   considerable distances.  A typical example is a high performance
   graphics workstation, a supercomputer and a network to connect them
   together, all with appropriate software.  The workstation may be
   close to the supercomputer or distant from it.

   Currently there are efforts underway at several installations -
   including ones funded by NSF/DARPA and ESPRIT - to develop
   techniques, interfaces and software necessary to create this
   environment.  In limited instances it already exists.  Better
   coordination of these efforts on both sides of the Atlantic would be
   desirable.  Coordinating such efforts across the Atlantic will be
   necessary for effective collaboration in end-user visualization
   applications in a variety of disciplines to take place in the future.

6.10.1  One Year Targets

   Identify the significant current development efforts in these areas
   and determine which ones to support.  Identify the areas requiring
   standards.  Minimize duplication of effort and begin to distribute
   the techniques and software.

6.10.2  Three Year Targets

   Establish mutually agreed upon standards.  Demonstrate transatlantic
   distributed visualization applications.

6.10.3  Recommended Actions

   Establish a working group to further refine and to implement the one
   year and three year targets and to identify additional distributed
   visualization topics that would benefit from coordinated efforts.
   Determine the appropriate mechanisms for supporting such
   collaborations.





Cerf, Kirstein, & Randell                                      [Page 18]

RFC 1210      Network and Infrastructure User Requirements    March 1991


UNDERLYING SERVICES

   Most of the services described below are required to achieve the
   goals of reliability, availability and transparency of the user
   services.

6.11  Network Management

   Current network management technology and practice are not adequate
   to support large scale, international research networks.  Time-zone
   differences and lack of organizational operational network management
   agreements combine to make international network management a serious
   challenge.  To be effective, network management must operate on a
   campus-to-campus basis, since the campuses are the sources and sinks
   of traffic in the system.

6.11.1  One Year Target

   Put in place an administrative structure to coordinate existing
   facilities manually and to plan technical solutions.

6.11.2  Three Year Target

   Develop and deploy technology for automating international network
   management.

6.11.3  Recommended Actions

   (i)    Convene an international research network operations,
          planning and management team to develop and apply
          procedural and technical recommendations for international
          network management;

   (ii)   Organize a set of international network operations centres
          devoted to configuration management, fault detection,
          isolation and repair of network problems;

   (iii)  Form one or more intercontinental Computer Emergency Response
          Teams to coordinate response to attacks against hosts and
          networks and to develop procedures for collecting actionable
          evidence.

6.12 Multi-protocol Support

   Users depend on a variety of protocols to support their research.
   The international network infrastructure does not uniformly support
   the use of multiple protocols (e.g., DECNET, TCP/IP/ST, OSI) on an
   end-to-end basis.  The use of various portions of the international



Cerf, Kirstein, & Randell                                      [Page 19]

RFC 1210      Network and Infrastructure User Requirements    March 1991


   network also may be restricted by policy, and this must be
   accommodated in implementing routing for campus-to-campus protocols.

   Support for campus-to-campus multi-protocol transmission and routing
   is needed at a minimum of 64 Kb/s end-to-end - higher for the support
   of some of the services.  Where the end-users have adopted similar
   protocols, the intervening networks should not impede the full
   exploitation of the facilities available in the chosen protocol
   suite.  Where different protocol suites are used, high quality
   application-level gateways which can translate among protocols are
   needed also; to the greatest extent possible, these should allow
   people to use their own procedures, even though they are
   communicating with services which use different ones.  For some
   services, this will lead to a requirement to upgrade access, and
   possibly even transparent access (including protocol conversion), to
   at least 1.5 Mb/s between individual campuses in the US and Europe.

6.12.1  One Year Targets

   (i)  Support campus-to-campus communication for a subset of
        coexisting protocol suites (at least OSI and TCP/IP) at a
        minimum of 64 Kb/s;

   (ii) Deploy internationally supported versions of existing
        application level (protocol-translating) gateways.

6.12.2  Three Year Targets

   (i)  Improve management and resource allocation for multi-protocol
        routers (e.g., to achieve service guarantees);

   (ii) Support campus-to-campus communication at a minimum of 1.5 Mb/s.

6.12.3  Recommended Actions

   (i)   Validate current multi-protocol solutions for intercontinental,
         and indeed campus-to-campus use;

   (ii)  Collaborate on research and experimentation with multi-protocol
         routing and resource allocation;

   (iii) Make recommendations, to funders and national research network
         service providers, on technical solutions and standards for
         multi-protocol support.







Cerf, Kirstein, & Randell                                      [Page 20]

RFC 1210      Network and Infrastructure User Requirements    March 1991


6.13  Client-Server Technology

   Among the more important computer communications techniques emerging
   on a widespread basis during the last decade is the client-server
   model of interprocess communication.  This notion was actually
   developed during the earliest stages of packet network exploration
   and dramatically enhanced with the invention of local area networks
   (such as Ethernet) which could support very high speed, low delay
   inter-computer exchanges.  Applications of this concept range from
   remote procedure calls to remote file access and support for remote,
   bit-mapped graphics.

   At present, these techniques work best in a high bandwidth, low delay
   environment; they are generally not well-supported in wide-area,
   intercontinental networks.  Collaborative efforts between the US and
   Europe could be enhanced substantially by support for client-server
   services on an intercontinental basis.  Such facilities would permit
   collaborative use of distributed filing systems, X-windows
   applications and other distributed computing applications.  High
   capacity, low-delay channels will be needed on an intercontinental
   basis to support serious use of this technology.  In addition,
   agreement must be reached on which protocols should be used to
   support this technology.

6.13.1  One Year Targets

   (i)   Provide limited bandwidth intercontinental X-Windows support
         for graphical user interfaces;

   (ii)  Achieve agreements on intercontinental Remote Procedure Call
         and Distributed File System protocols;

   (iii) Validate support of X-Windows under OSI and through protocol
         translating gateways.

6.13.2  Three Year Targets

   (i)  Achieve selective support for intercontinental remote
        visualization;

   (ii) Achieve support for intercontinental RPC and Distributed File
        Systems.

6.13.3  Recommended Actions

   (i)   Convene workshops to achieve agreements on intercontinental
         Remote Procedure Call and Distributed File System protocols;




Cerf, Kirstein, & Randell                                      [Page 21]

RFC 1210      Network and Infrastructure User Requirements    March 1991


   (ii)  Form working group on support for X-Windows in OSI and to
         validate performance through TCP/TPn protocol translating
         gateways;

   (iii) Initiate collaboration on implementation and test of
         intercontinental RPC and distributed file systems.

Section 6.14   Archival Storage for Distributed Computing Environments

   There are several major issues that must be addressed by distributed
   computing environments (DCEs) containing supercomputers.  Resolution
   of these issues is likely to evolve over the next five to ten years.

   One such issue is archival storage and bitfile management for the