rfc1120.txt

著名的RFC文档,其中有一些文档是已经翻译成中文的的.

Network Working Group                                            V. Cerf
Request for Comments:  1120                                          NRI
                                                          September 1989


                     The Internet Activities Board

Status of this Memo

   This RFC provides a history and description of the Internet
   Activities Board (IAB) and its subsidiary organizations.  This memo
   is for informational use and does not constitute a standard.
   Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

1. Introduction

   In 1968, the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
   initiated an effort to develop a technology which is now known as
   packet switching.  This technology had its roots in message switching
   methods, but was strongly influenced by the development of low-cost
   minicomputers and digital telecommunications techniques during the
   mid-1960's [BARAN 64, ROBERTS 70, HEART 70, ROBERTS 78].  A very
   useful survey of this technology can be found in [IEEE 78].

   During the early 1970's, DARPA initiated a number of programs to
   explore the use of packet switching methods in alternative media
   including mobile radio, satellite and cable [IEEE 78, IEEE 87].
   Concurrently, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) began an
   exploration of packet switching on coaxial cable which ultimately led
   to the development of Ethernet local area networks [METCALFE 76].

   The successful implementation of packet radio and packet satellite
   technology raised the question of interconnecting ARPANET with other
   types of packet nets.  A possible solution to this problem was
   proposed by Cerf and Kahn [CERF 74] in the form of an internetwork
   protocol and a set of gateways to connect the different networks.
   This solution was further developed as part of a research program in
   internetting sponsored by DARPA and resulted in a collection of
   computer communications protocols based on the original Transmission
   Control Protocol (TCP) and its lower level counterpart, Internet
   Protocol (IP).  Together, these protocols, along with many others
   developed during the course of the research, are referred to as the
   TCP/IP Protocol Suite [LEINER 85, POSTEL 85, CERF 82, CLARK 86, RFC
   1100].

   In the early stages of the Internet research program, only a few
   researchers worked to develop and test versions of the internet
   protocols.  Over time, the size of this activity increased until, in



Cerf                                                            [Page 1]

RFC 1120                        The IAB                   September 1989


   1979, it was necessary to form an informal committee to guide the
   technical evolution of the protocol suite.  This group was called the
   Internet Configuration Control Board (ICCB) and was established by
   Dr. Vinton Cerf who was then the DARPA program manager for the
   effort.  Dr. David C. Clark of the Lab for Computer Science at
   Massachusetts Institute of Technology was named the chairman of this
   committee.

   In January, 1983, the Defense Communications Agency, then responsible
   for the operation of the ARPANET, declared the TCP/IP protocol suite
   to be standard for the ARPANET and all systems on the network
   converted from the earlier Network Control Program (NCP) to TCP/IP.
   Late that year, the ICCB was reorganized by Dr. Barry Leiner, Cerf's
   successor at DARPA, around a series of task forces considering
   different technical aspects of internetting.  The re-organized group
   was named the Internet Activities Board.

   As the Internet expanded, it drew support from U.S. Government
   organizations including DARPA, the National Science Foundation (NSF),
   the Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Aeronautics and Space
   Administration (NASA).  Key managers in these organizations,
   responsible for computer networking research and development, formed
   an informal Federal Research Internet Coordinating Committee (FRICC)
   to coordinate U.S. Government support for and development and use of
   the Internet system.  The FRICC sponsors most of the U.S. research on
   internetting, including support for the Internet Activities Board and
   its subsidiary organizations.

   At the international level, a Coordinating Committee for
   Intercontinental Research Networks (CCIRN) has been formed which
   includes the U.S.  FRICC and its counterparts in North America and
   Europe.  The CCIRN provides a forum for cooperative planning among
   the principal North American and European research networking bodies.

2. Internet Activities Board

   The Internet Activities Board (IAB) is the coordinating committee for
   Internet design, engineering and management.  The Internet is a
   collection of over a thousand packet switched networks located
   principally in the U.S., but also includes systems in many other
   parts of the world, all interlinked and operating using the protocols
   of the TCP/IP protocol suite.  The IAB is an independent committee of
   researchers and professionals with a technical interest in the health
   and evolution of the Internet system.  Membership changes with time
   to adjust to the current realities of the research interests of the
   participants, the needs of the Internet system and the concerns of
   the U.S. Government, university and industrial sponsors of the
   elements of the Internet.



Cerf                                                            [Page 2]

RFC 1120                        The IAB                   September 1989


   IAB members are deeply committed to making the Internet function
   effectively and evolve to meet a large scale, high speed future.  All
   IAB members are required to have at least one other major role in the
   Internet community in addition to their IAB membership.  New members
   are appointed by the chairman of the IAB, with the advice and consent
   of the remaining members.  The chairman serves a term of two years.

   The IAB focuses on the TCP/IP protocol suite, and extensions to the
   Internet system to support multiple protocol suites.

   The IAB has two principal subsidiary task forces:

      1) Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

      2) Internet Research Task Force (IRTF)

   Each of these Task Forces is led by a chairman and guided by a
   Steering Group which reports to the IAB through its chairman.  Each
   task force is organized by the chairman, as required, to carry out
   its charter.  For the most part, a collection of Working Groups
   carries out the work program of each Task Force.

   All decisions of the IAB are made public.  The principal vehicle by
   which IAB decisions are propagated to the parties interested in the
   Internet and its TCP/IP protocol suite is the Request for Comment
   (RFC) note series.  The archival RFC series was initiated in 1969 by
   Dr. Stephen D. Crocker as a means of documenting the development of
   the original ARPANET protocol suite [RFC 1000].  The editor-in-chief
   of this series, Dr. Jonathan B.  Postel, has maintained the quality
   of and managed the archiving of this series since its inception.  A
   small proportion of the RFCs document Internet standards.  Most of
   them are intended to stimulate comment and discussion.  The small
   number which document standards are especially marked in a "status"
   section to indicate the special status of the document.  An RFC
   summarizing the status of all standard RFCs is published regularly
   [RFC 1100].

   RFCs describing experimental protocols, along with other submissions
   whose intent is merely to inform, are typically submitted directly to
   the RFC Editor.  A Standard RFC starts out as a Proposed Standard and
   may be promoted to Draft Standard and finally Standard after suitable
   review, comment, implementation, and testing.

   Prior to publication of a Proposed Standard, Draft Standard or
   Standard RFC, it is made available for comment through an on-line
   Internet-Draft directory.  Typically, these Internet-Drafts are
   working documents of the IAB or of the working groups of the Internet
   Engineering and Research Task Forces.  Internet Drafts are either



Cerf                                                            [Page 3]

RFC 1120                        The IAB                   September 1989


   submitted to the RFC Editor for publication or discarded within three
   months.

   The IAB performs the following functions:

      1)   Sets Internet Standards,

      2)   Manages the RFC publication process,

      3)   Reviews the operation of the IETF and IRTF,

      4)   Performs strategic planning for the Internet, identifying
           long-range problems and opportunities,

      5)   Acts as a technical policy liaison and representative for the
           Internet community, and

      6)   Resolves technical issues which cannot be treated within the
           IETF or IRTF frameworks.

   To supplement its work via electronic mail, the IAB meets quarterly
   to review the condition of the Internet, to review and approve
   proposed changes or additions to the TCP/IP suite of protocols, to
   set technical development priorities, to discuss policy matters which
   may need the attention of the Internet sponsors, and to agree on the
   addition or retirement of IAB members and on the addition or
   retirement of task forces reporting to the IAB.  Typically, two of
   the quarterly meetings are by means of video teleconferencing
   (provided, when possible, through the experimental Internet packet
   video-conferencing system).

   The IAB membership is currently as follows:

            Vinton Cerf          - Chairman
            David Clark          - IRTF Chairman
            Phillip Gross        - IETF Chairman
            Jonathan Postel      - RFC Editor
            Robert Braden        - Executive Director
            Hans-Werner Braun    - Member
            Barry Leiner         - Member
            Daniel Lynch         - Member
            Stephen Kent         - Member

3.  The Internet Engineering Task Force

   The Internet has grown to encompass a large number of widely geo-
   graphically dispersed networks in academic and research communities.
   It now provides an infrastructure for a broad community with various



Cerf                                                            [Page 4]

RFC 1120                        The IAB                   September 1989


   interests.  Moreover, the family of Internet protocols and system
   components has moved from experimental to commercial development.  To
   help coordinate the operation, management and evolution of the
   Internet, the IAB established the Internet Engineering Task Force
   (IETF).

   The IETF is chaired by Mr. Phillip Gross and managed by its Internet
   Engineering Steering Group (IESG).  The IAB has delegated to the IESG
   the general responsibility for making the Internet work and for the
   resolution of all short- and mid-range protocol and architectural
   issues required to make the Internet function effectively.

   The charter of the IETF includes:

      1) Responsibility for specifying the short and mid-term
         Internet protocols and architecture and recommending
         standards for IAB approval.

      2) Provision of a forum for the exchange of information within the
         Internet community.

      3) Identification of pressing and relevant short- to mid-range
         operational and technical problem areas and convening of
         Working Groups to explore solutions.

   The Internet Engineering Task Force is a large open community of
   network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with
   the Internet and the Internet protocol suite.  It is organized around
   a set of eight technical areas, each managed by a technical area
   director.  In addition to the IETF Chairman, the area directors make
   up the IESG membership.  Each area director has primary
   responsibility for one area of Internet engineering activity, and
   hence for a subset of the IETF Working Groups.  The area directors
   have jobs of critical importance and difficulty and are selected not
   only for their technical expertise but also for their managerial
   skills and judgment.  At present, the eight technical areas and
   chairs are:

            1) Applications          - TBD
            2) Host Services         - Craig Partridge
            3) Internet Services     - Noel Chiappa
            4) Routing               - Robert Hinden
            5) Network Management    - David Crocker
            6) OSI Coexistence       - Ross Callon and Robert Hagens
            7) Operations            - TBD
            8) Security              - TBD

   The work of the IETF is performed by subcommittees known as Working



Cerf                                                            [Page 5]

RFC 1120                        The IAB                   September 1989


   Groups.  There are currently more than 20 of these.  Working Groups
   tend to have a narrow focus and a lifetime bounded by completion of a
   specific task, although there are exceptions.  The IETF is a major
   source of proposed protocol standards, for final approval by the IAB.

   The IETF meets quarterly and extensive minutes of the plenary
   proceedings as well as reports from each of the working groups are
   issued by the IAB Secretariat, at the Corporation for National
   Research Initiatives.

4.  The Internet Research Task Force

   To promote research in networking and the development of new
   technology, the IAB established the Internet Research Task Force
   (IRTF).

   In the area of network protocols, the distinction between research
   and engineering is not always clear, so there will sometimes be
   overlap between activities of the IETF and the IRTF.  There is, in
   fact, considerable overlap in membership between the two groups. This
   overlap is regarded as vital for cross-fertilization and technology
   transfer.  In general, the distinction between research and
   engineering is one of viewpoint and sometimes (but not always) time-
   frame.  The IRTF is generally more concerned with understanding than