📄 rfc1866.txt
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RFC 1866 Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0 November 19955.1. Document Element: HTML The HTML document element consists of a head and a body, much like a memo or a mail message. The head contains the title and optional elements. The body is a text flow consisting of paragraphs, lists, and other elements.5.2. Head: HEAD The head of an HTML document is an unordered collection of information about the document. For example: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"> <HEAD> <TITLE>Introduction to HTML</TITLE> </HEAD> ...5.2.1. Title: TITLE Every HTML document must contain a <TITLE> element. The title should identify the contents of the document in a global context. A short title, such as "Introduction" may be meaningless out of context. A title such as "Introduction to HTML Elements" is more appropriate. NOTE - The length of a title is not limited; however, long titles may be truncated in some applications. To minimize this possibility, titles should be fewer than 64 characters. A user agent may display the title of a document in a history list or as a label for the window displaying the document. This differs from headings (5.4, "Headings: H1 ... H6"), which are typically displayed within the body text flow.5.2.2. Base Address: BASE The optional <BASE> element provides a base address for interpreting relative URLs when the document is read out of context (see 7, "Hyperlinks"). The value of the HREF attribute must be an absolute URI.5.2.3. Keyword Index: ISINDEX The <ISINDEX> element indicates that the user agent should allow the user to search an index by giving keywords. See 7.5, "Queries and Indexes" for details.Berners-Lee & Connolly Standards Track [Page 21] RFC 1866 Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0 November 19955.2.4. Link: LINK The <LINK> element represents a hyperlink (see 7, "Hyperlinks"). Any number of LINK elements may occur in the <HEAD> element of an HTML document. It has the same attributes as the <A> element (see 5.7.3, "Anchor: A"). The <LINK> element is typically used to indicate authorship, related indexes and glossaries, older or more recent versions, document hierarchy, associated resources such as style sheets, etc.5.2.5. Associated Meta-information: META The <META> element is an extensible container for use in identifying specialized document meta-information. Meta-information has two main functions: * to provide a means to discover that the data set exists and how it might be obtained or accessed; and * to document the content, quality, and features of a data set, indicating its fitness for use. Each <META> element specifies a name/value pair. If multiple META elements are provided with the same name, their combined contents-- concatenated as a comma-separated list--is the value associated with that name. NOTE - The <META> element should not be used where a specific element, such as <TITLE>, would be more appropriate. Rather than a <META> element with a URI as the value of the CONTENT attribute, use a <LINK> element. HTTP servers may read the content of the document <HEAD> to generate header fields corresponding to any elements defining a value for the attribute HTTP-EQUIV. NOTE - The method by which the server extracts document meta-information is unspecified and not mandatory. The <META> element only provides an extensible mechanism for identifying and embedding document meta-information -- how it may be used is up to the individual server implementation and the HTML user agent.Berners-Lee & Connolly Standards Track [Page 22] RFC 1866 Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0 November 1995 Attributes of the META element: HTTP-EQUIV binds the element to an HTTP header field. An HTTP server may use this information to process the document. In particular, it may include a header field in the responses to requests for this document: the header name is taken from the HTTP-EQUIV attribute value, and the header value is taken from the value of the CONTENT attribute. HTTP header names are not case sensitive. NAME specifies the name of the name/value pair. If not present, HTTP-EQUIV gives the name. CONTENT specifies the value of the name/value pair. Examples If the document contains: <META HTTP-EQUIV="Expires" CONTENT="Tue, 04 Dec 1993 21:29:02 GMT"> <meta http-equiv="Keywords" CONTENT="Fred"> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Reply-to" content="fielding@ics.uci.edu (Roy Fielding)"> <Meta Http-equiv="Keywords" CONTENT="Barney"> then the server may include the following header fields: Expires: Tue, 04 Dec 1993 21:29:02 GMT Keywords: Fred, Barney Reply-to: fielding@ics.uci.edu (Roy Fielding) as part of the HTTP response to a `GET' or `HEAD' request for that document. An HTTP server must not use the <META> element to form an HTTP response header unless the HTTP-EQUIV attribute is present. An HTTP server may disregard any <META> elements that specify information controlled by the HTTP server, for example `Server', `Date', and `Last-modified'.Berners-Lee & Connolly Standards Track [Page 23] RFC 1866 Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0 November 19955.2.6. Next Id: NEXTID The <NEXTID> element is included for historical reasons only. HTML documents should not contain <NEXTID> elements. The <NEXTID> element gives a hint for the name to use for a new <A> element when editing an HTML document. It should be distinct from all NAME attribute values on <A> elements. For example: <NEXTID N=Z27>5.3. Body: BODY The <BODY> element contains the text flow of the document, including headings, paragraphs, lists, etc. For example: <BODY> <h1>Important Stuff</h1> <p>Explanation about important stuff... </BODY>5.4. Headings: H1 ... H6 The six heading elements, <H1> through <H6>, denote section headings. Although the order and occurrence of headings is not constrained by the HTML DTD, documents should not skip levels (for example, from H1 to H3), as converting such documents to other representations is often problematic. Example of use: <H1>This is a heading</H1> Here is some text <H2>Second level heading</H2> Here is some more text. Typical renderings are: H1 Bold, very-large font, centered. One or two blank lines above and below. H2 Bold, large font, flush-left. One or two blank lines above and below.Berners-Lee & Connolly Standards Track [Page 24] RFC 1866 Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0 November 1995 H3 Italic, large font, slightly indented from the left margin. One or two blank lines above and below. H4 Bold, normal font, indented more than H3. One blank line above and below. H5 Italic, normal font, indented as H4. One blank line above. H6 Bold, indented same as normal text, more than H5. One blank line above.5.5. Block Structuring Elements Block structuring elements include paragraphs, lists, and block quotes. They must not contain heading elements, but they may contain phrase markup, and in some cases, they may be nested.5.5.1. Paragraph: P The <P> element indicates a paragraph. The exact indentation, leading space, etc. of a paragraph is not specified and may be a function of other tags, style sheets, etc. Typically, paragraphs are surrounded by a vertical space of one line or half a line. The first line in a paragraph is indented in some cases. Example of use: <H1>This Heading Precedes the Paragraph</H1> <P>This is the text of the first paragraph. <P>This is the text of the second paragraph. Although you do not need to start paragraphs on new lines, maintaining this convention facilitates document maintenance.</P> <P>This is the text of a third paragraph.</P>5.5.2. Preformatted Text: PRE The <PRE> element represents a character cell block of text and is suitable for text that has been formatted for a monospaced font. The <PRE> tag may be used with the optional WIDTH attribute. The WIDTH attribute specifies the maximum number of characters for a lineBerners-Lee & Connolly Standards Track [Page 25] RFC 1866 Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0 November 1995 and allows the HTML user agent to select a suitable font and indentation. Within preformatted text: * Line breaks within the text are rendered as a move to the beginning of the next line. NOTE - References to the "beginning of a new line" do not imply that the renderer is forbidden from using a constant left indent for rendering preformatted text. The left indent may be constrained by the width required. * Anchor elements and phrase markup may be used. NOTE - Constraints on the processing of <PRE> content may limit or prevent the ability of the HTML user agent to faithfully render phrase markup. * Elements that define paragraph formatting (headings, address, etc.) must not be used. NOTE - Some historical documents contain <P> tags in <PRE> elements. User agents are encouraged to treat this as a line break. A <P> tag followed by a newline character should produce only one line break, not a line break plus a blank line. * The horizontal tab character (code position 9 in the HTML document character set) must be interpreted as the smallest positive nonzero number of spaces which will leave the number of characters so far on the line as a multiple of 8. Documents should not contain tab characters, as they are not supported consistently. Example of use: <PRE> Line 1. Line 2 is to the right of line 1. <a href="abc">abc</a> Line 3 aligns with line 2. <a href="def">def</a> </PRE>Berners-Lee & Connolly Standards Track [Page 26] RFC 1866 Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0 November 19955.5.2.1. Example and Listing: XMP, LISTING The <XMP> and <LISTING> elements are similar to the <PRE> element, but they have a different syntax. Their content is declared as CDATA, which means that no markup except the end-tag open delimiter-in- context is recognized (see 9.6 "Delimiter Recognition" of [SGML]). NOTE - In a previous draft of the HTML specification, the syntax of <XMP> and <LISTING> elements allowed closing tags to be treated as data characters, as long as the tag name was not <XMP> or <LISTING>, respectively. Since CDATA declared content has a number of unfortunate interactions with processing techniques and tends to be used and implemented inconsistently, HTML documents should not contain <XMP> nor <LISTING> elements -- the <PRE> tag is more expressive and more consistently supported. The <LISTING> element should be rendered so that at least 132 characters fit on a line. The <XMP> element should be rendered so that at least 80 characters fit on a line but is otherwise identical to the <LISTING> element. NOTE - In a previous draft, HTML included a <PLAINTEXT> element that is similar to the <LISTING> element, except that there is no closing tag: all characters after the <PLAINTEXT> start-tag are data.5.5.3. Address: ADDRESS The <ADDRESS> element contains such information as address, signature and authorship, often at the beginning or end of the body of a document.⌨️ 快捷键说明
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