rfc1580.txt

著名的RFC文档,其中有一些文档是已经翻译成中文的的.

      Some sites allow public access to a client. To access such a
      remote client, telnet to one of these sites:

      +---------------------------------------------------------------+
      |  info.anu.edu.au                 Australia (login: info)      |
      |  tolten.puc.cl                   Columbia                     |
      |  ecnet.ec                        Ecuador                      |
      |  gopher.chalmers.se              Sweden                       |
      |  consultant.micro.umn.edu        USA                          |
      |  gopher.uiuc.edu                 USA                          |
      |  panda.uiowa.edu                 USA (login: panda)           |
      |  sunsite.unc.edu                 USA                          |
      +---------------------------------------------------------------+



EARN Staff                                                      [Page 6]

RFC 1580            Guide to Network Resource Tools           March 1994


      At the login: prompt type gopher (unless specified otherwise) and
      the top-level Gopher menu for that site will be displayed.

      Users are requested to use the site closest to them.

   2.4. Using Gopher

      The implementations of the Gopher clients on various platforms are
      slightly different to take advantage of the platforms'
      capabilities (mouse, graphic functions, X-Windows server) and to
      offer the popular look and feel. Even with different
      implementations, the same set of functions and commands is
      available.

      When issuing the gopher command, you will be connected
      automatically to the default Gopher server specified at the
      installation. The format of the command is:

      +---------------------------------------------------------------+
      |                                                               |
      |  gopher    <hostname>                                         |
      |                                                               |
      +---------------------------------------------------------------+

      where hostname is an optional alternative Gopher server you want
      to talk to.

      When connected to a Gopher server, it is still possible to access
      another server by exploring the Other Gopher servers in the rest
      of the world branch. To locate them more easily, the Gopher
      servers are distributed in geographical regions:

         * Africa
         * Europe
         * Middle East
         * North America
         * Pacific
         * South America

      and then by countries.

      Access to a Gopher server is identical whether using a local or a
      remote client: a simple menu-driven interface which doesn't
      require any special training or knowledge from the user.

      Here is a sample menu:





EARN Staff                                                      [Page 7]

RFC 1580            Guide to Network Resource Tools           March 1994


      -----------------------------------------------------------------

                       Internet Gopher Information Client v1.1

                            Information About Gopher

          1.  About Gopher.
          2.  Search Gopher News <?>
          3.  Gopher News Archive/
          4.  comp.infosystems.gopher (Usenet newsgroup)/
          5.  Gopher Software Distribution/
          6.  Gopher Protocol Information/
          7.  University of Minnesota Gopher software licensing policy.
          8.  Frequently Asked Questions about Gopher.
          9.  gopher93/
          10. Gopher| example server/
          11. How to get your information into Gopher.
      --> 12. New Stuff in Gopher.
          13. Reporting Problems or Feedback.
          14. big Ann Arbor gopher conference picture.gif <Picture>


      Press ? for Help, q to Quit, u to go up a menu          Page: 1/1

      -----------------------------------------------------------------

      In the example above, any item can be selected by typing its line
      number or by moving the cursor (-->) next to it.

      An item could be:

         * a subdirectory
         * a text file
         * a binary file
         * a sound file
         * an image file
         * a phone book (directory information)
         * an index-search
         * a Telnet session

      Items are displayed with an identifying symbol next to them. In
      the example above, "<?>" means a full text index-search, "/" means
      a subdirectory, "<Picture>" means an image file and no symbol
      means a text file.

      Some Gopher clients are not able to handle certain file types
      (e.g., sound files). Some clients display only files of types they
      can handle or files they suppose you are interested in. Others



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RFC 1580            Guide to Network Resource Tools           March 1994


      display all types of files.

      Most Gopher clients allow you to create, view and select
      bookmarks. A bookmark keeps track of the exact location of a
      Gopher item, regardless of where it resides. It is useful when you
      often need to reach a file or a service located far from the
      top-level directory. A collection of bookmarks is like a
      customized Gopher menu.

      Some capabilities of a local Gopher client are bound to the
      capabilities of your own computer. In fact, for sound files, image
      files and Telnet sessions, the Gopher client looks for the
      appropriate software on your computer and passes control to it to
      perform the requested task. When the task is completed, control is
      returned to the Gopher client.

      At any time, it is possible to terminate the session (quit
      command), to cancel the current processing or to get the on-line
      help (help command).

      An item is processed according to its type:

      a subdirectory
         its contents are displayed. To go up one level, use the up
         command.

      a text file
         the file is displayed. Then you can browse it, search for a
         particular string, print it on a local printer or copy (save)
         it onto your local disk space in a user-specified file (the
         last 2 functions may not be available to you).

      a binary file
         the remote file is simply copied onto your local disk space in
         a user-specified file. Binary files are binhexed Macintosh
         files, archives (.zip, .tar,...), compressed files, programs,
         etc.

      a sound file
         the remote file is played through your local audio device if it
         exists, as well as the appropriate utility. Only one sound file
         can be active at a time; you will be warned if you try to play
         a sound before a previous one is done.

      an image file
         the remote file is displayed on your computer screen if an
         image viewer exists on your computer.




EARN Staff                                                      [Page 9]

RFC 1580            Guide to Network Resource Tools           March 1994


      a phone book
         you are prompted for a search string to look up people
         information through the selected phone book. Since different
         institutions have different directory services, the queries are
         not performed in the same fashion.

      an index-search
         you are prompted for a search string which may be one or more
         words, plus the special operators and, or, and not. The search
         is case-insensitive. Usually, an index is created to help users
         locate the information in a set of documents quickly. E.g.:

              terminal and setting or tset

         will find all documents which contain both the words terminal
         and setting, or the word tset. or is nonexclusive so the
         documents may contain all of the words.

         The result of the index-search looks like any Gopher menu, but
         each menu item is a file that contains the specified search
         string.

      a Telnet session
         Telnet sessions are normally text-based information services,
         for example, access to library catalogs.

2.5. VERONICA

   Veronica was designed as a solution to the problem of resource
   discovery in the rapidly-expanding Gopher web, providing a keyword
   search of more than 500 Gopher menus. Veronica helps you find
   Gopher-based information without doing a menu-by-menu, site-by-site
   search. It is to the Gopher information space, what archie is to the
   FTP archives.

   Veronica is accessible from most top-level Gopher menus or from the
   Other Gopher servers... branch. There is no need for opening another
   connection or another application.

   When you choose a veronica search , you will be prompted to enter a
   keyword or keywords. The simplest way to search with veronica is to
   enter a single word and hit the RETURN key. It does not matter
   whether the word is upper-case or lower-case. The veronica server
   will return a gopher menu composed of items whose titles match your
   keyword specification. Items can be accessed as with any Gopher menu.
   E.g.:

        eudora



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   will give you a list of menu titles that contain eudora, such as:

        Electronic Mail: Eudora on Macintosh, Micro-08
        Modem Setting Eudora Slip.
        A UNIX-based Eudora reader for those that ...
        Eudora:  Popmail for the Macintosh.
        Eudora.

   etc.

   The search string may contain keywords optionally separated by and,
   or and not. If there is no operator between 2 keywords, and is
   assumed. E.g.:

        eudora and macintosh

   will give you a list of menu titles that contain both eudora and
   macintosh, such as:

        Eudora:  Popmail for the Macintosh.
        v4.1 EUDORA: E-MAIL FOR THE MACINTOSH.
        Micro News:  Eudora - A Mailer for the Macintosh.
        Eudora: Electronic Mail on Your Macintosh.
        ACS News - Eudora Mail Reader for Macintosh.

   etc.

   "*" is the wildcard character. It can replace any other character or
   characters at the end of a keyword. E.g.:

        desk*

   will give you a list of menu titles, such as:

        The Help Desk.
        Keene State College Press Release COMPUTER ON EVERY DESK.
        DESKQview/X... An alternative to Windows???.
        Ethernet at Your Desktop/

   etc.

2.6. Learning more about Gopher

   The Internet Gopher is developed by the Computer and Information
   Services Department of the University of Minnesota. Bug reports,
   comments, suggestions, etc. should be mailed to the Gopher
   development team at: [e-mail].




EARN Staff                                                     [Page 11]

RFC 1580            Guide to Network Resource Tools           March 1994


   Mailing list: [e-mail]
   To subscribe send a mail to:
   [e-mail]

   Usenet newsgroup: comp.infosystems.gopher

   A comprehensive description of veronica search methods is available
   from the veronica menus.

   Veronica is being developed by Steve Foster and Fred Barrie at the
   University of Nevada. Bug reports, comments, suggestions, etc. should
   be addressed to: [e-mail]

3. WORLD-WIDE WEB

3.1. What is World-Wide Web

   World-Wide Web (also called WWW or W3) is an information system based