rfc2564.txt

著名的RFC文档,其中有一些文档是已经翻译成中文的的.

     -      the tables providing a service-level view, including:

            -      the service name to service instance table

            -      the service instance to service name table

            -      the service instance to running application element
                   table

            -      the running application element to service instance
                   table

     -      the tables providing information on I/O channels, including:

            -      the table of open channels

            -      the table of open files

            -      the open connections table

            -      the transaction statistics tables

     -      historical information on I/O channels

     -      the running application element status and control group

            -      the running application element status table

            -      the running application element control table

   In order to support SNMPv1, SNMPv2, and SNMPv3 environments, in cases
   where counter objects may potentially advance very rapidly, where
   sixty-four bit counters have been used thirty-two bit counters
   reporting the low-order thirty-two bits of the value have also been
   defined.

   Since rows in most of these tables will come and go with the running
   application elements whose information is contained in them,
   sysUpTime.0 is not appropriate as a discontinuity indicator for
   counters in these tables.  By defining separate discontinuity
   indicators for the rows in these tables, entries can come and go as
   needed without causing other objects to appear to have
   discontinuities.  As required by [15], the discontinuity indicators
   for the various information objects in these tables are identified in



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   the relevant DESCRIPTION clauses.  Note that a discontinuity in one
   of these counters does not imply a sysUpTime.0 discontinuity, nor
   does a sysUpTime.0 discontinuity imply a discontinuity in any of
   these counters.

4.1.  The service-level tables

   The service-level tables permit the identification of one or more
   instances of named services on a system, and the association of
   running application elements to these services.

   Service names are represented as human-readable strings, using values
   assigned by IANA where possible.  The allocation of unique values for
   service instance identifiers is a local administrative issue; the
   values allocated must be constant for the lifetime of the service
   instance, and re-use of values should be avoided.

   It is important to understand that a service is not the same thing as
   a protocol.  Rather, some services may be at least partially
   described by the protocol(s) used to provide that service.

   In deciding what should or should not be considered a service, the
   following factors merit consideration:

     -      is there an identifiable set of resources associated with
            providing this service?

     -      is there a reasonably long-lived server or client process?

   Following this reasoning, one can see where SMTP and HTTP service
   providers would be good candidates for classification as services for
   purposes of application management, where finger probably would not.
   Of course, implementors of this MIB are free to define additional
   services.  An applicability statement may be an appropriate vehicle
   for standardizing how a specific service's information is reported
   using this MIB.

4.1.1.  The service name to service instance table

   The service name to service instance table uses the service name as
   its primary key, and the service instance identifier as its secondary
   key.  It facilitates the identification and lookup of the instances
   of a given service in a system.








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4.1.2.  The service instance to service name table

   The service instance to service name table uses the service instance
   identifier as its primary key, and the service name as its secondary
   key.  Given a service instance identifier, it facilitates the lookup
   of the name of the service being provided.

4.1.3.  The service instance to running application element table

   The service instance to running application element table uses the
   service instance identifier as its primary key, and the running
   application element index as its secondary key.  This facilitates the
   identification of the set of running application elements providing a
   given instance of a service.

4.1.4.  The running application element to service instance table

   The running application element to service instance table uses the
   running application element index as its primary key and the service
   instance identifier as its secondary key.  It identifies the set of
   services provided by a given running application element.

4.2.  The I/O channel group

   Information processed by an application can be modeled using the
   concept of a channel.  Two kinds of channels, for example, are files
   and network connections.

                                                  +-------+
                                                  | File  |
                             +---------+         /+-------+
          +-------------+    | Generic |        /
          | transaction |----|  I/O    |-------<
          |   stream    |    | Channel |        \  +------------+
          +-------------+    +---------+         \ | open or    |
                                                  \| listening  |
                                                   | connection |
                                                   +------------+


   For each entry in the open channel table, there will be a
   corresponding entry in either the open file table or the open
   connection table.

   The information flowing on a channel may be structured as
   transactions.  When the information flow on a channel is being
   monitored as a transaction stream, an entry in the transaction stream
   table will represent this fact and the associated information about



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   that stream.

   To facilitate traversal of these tables and retrieval of information
   relevant to a specific running application element or service
   instances, the initial indexes of these tables are the same.  In each
   case, the first index determines whether the second index is
   interpreted as a running application element identifier or as a
   service instance identifier.  The third index serves to uniquely
   identify a channel (and consequently, an open connection or file) in
   the context of a running application element or service instance.

   The transaction stream summary table contains per-stream summaries of
   transaction statistics.  The transaction flow statistics table
   contains statistics broken into both transmit and receive counts for
   requests and responses on each stream.  The transaction kind
   statistics table contains information further broken down by
   transaction kind.

   The transaction tables have a common structure for their indexing,
   with additional indexes added for increasing detail.  The initial
   three indexes are the same as all the other tables in this group,
   serving to uniquely identify each transaction stream.

4.2.1.  The open channels table

   The following information is available in this table:

     -      time at which the channel was opened

     -      number of read requests

     -      number of bytes read

     -      time at which most recent read operation was initiated

     -      number of write requests

     -      number of bytes written

     -      time at which most recent write operation was initiated

4.2.2.  The open files table

   The open files table contains one entry for each file in use by a
   manageable running application element.  (See "Definitions of
   System-Level Managed Objects for Applications" [31] for a detailed
   definition of a running application element.)  The purpose of this
   table is to identify the files in use and to record information



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   peculiar to files not already covered in the open channel table.

   If multiple running application elements open the same file, there
   will be an entry for each running application element opening that
   file.  Similarly, if a running application element opens a file
   multiple times, there will be an entry in this table for the file
   corresponding to each open.

   The task of combining the information for file activity from this
   table (organized by running application element) into per-application
   statistics can be accomplished by a manager using the System
   Application MIB's [31] sysApplInstallPkgTable to find the installed
   application, the sysApplRunTable to find the running instances of
   that application, and the sysApplElmtRunTable to find the relevant
   values of sysApplElmtRunIndex.  The manager, armed with a set of
   values for sysApplElmtRunIndex, is now able to retrieve the relevant
   portions of the applOpenFileTable and other tables in this MIB.

   The following information is available in this table:

     -      file name

     -      file size

     -      current mode (read/write) of this file

   By convention, the names "stdin", "stdout" and "stderr" are used when
   these streams cannot be resolved to actual file names.

4.2.3.  The open connections table

   This table provides information on channels that are open connections
   or listeners.

   The following information is available for each connection:

     -      identification of the transport protocol in use

     -      near-end address and port

     -      far-end address and port

     -      identification of the application layer protocol in use








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4.2.4.  The transaction stream summary table

   The transaction stream summary table contains per-stream summaries of
   transaction statistics.  The simple model of a transaction used here
   looks like this:

                   invoker  |   Request     | performer
                            | - - - - - - > |
                            |               |
                            |   Response    |
                            | < - - - - - - |
                            |               |


   Since in some protocols it is possible for an entity to take on both
   the invoker and performer roles, information here is accumulated for
   transmitted and received requests, as well as for transmitted and
   received responses.  Counts are maintained for both transactions and
   bytes transferred.  The information represented in this table
   includes:

     -      identification of the underlying connection or file used for
            this transaction stream

     -      a human-readable description of this stream

     -      a human-readable description of this stream's notion of what
            a unit of work is

     -      the cumulative amount of time spent (as an operation
            invoker) waiting for responses (from queueing of request to
            arrival of first response)

     -      the cumulative amount of time spent (as an operation
            invoker) receiving responses (time from the arrival of the
            first response to the arrival of the last response in a
            series of responses to a particular request)

     -      the cumulative amount of time spent (as an operation
            performer) handling requests (time from receipt of request
            to queueing of first outgoing response)

     -      the cumulative amount of time spent (as an operation
            performer) sending responses  (time from queuing of first
            response to the last response in a series of responses to a
            particular request)





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     -      the cumulative number of transactions initiated (as an
            invoker)

     -      the cumulative number of transactions processed (as a
            performer)

4.2.5.  The transaction flow statistics table

   The transaction flow statistics table contains statistics broken into
   both transmit and receive counts for requests and responses on each
   stream.  In addition to the service instance / running application
   element and transaction stream identifier indexes, rows in this table
   are indexed by flow direction (transmit or receive) and role