📄 matlab3.htm
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<P class=MsoNormal> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">MATLAB</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">还有其他各种二维绘图函数，以适合不同的应用，详见下表。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小整理：其他各种二维绘图函数</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">
<O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">bar </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">长条图</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">errorbar </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">图形加上误差范围</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">
<O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">fplot </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">较精确的函数图形</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">
<O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">polar </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">极座标图</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">hist </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">累计图</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">rose </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">极座标累计图</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">stairs </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">阶梯图</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">stem </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">针状图</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">
<O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">fill </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">实心图</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">feather </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">羽毛图</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">compass </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">罗盘图</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">quiver </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">向量场图</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以下我们针对每个函数举例。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">当资料点数量不多时，长条图是很适合的表示方式：</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">close all; % </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">关闭所有的图形视窗</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">x=1:10;<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">y=rand(size(x));<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">bar(x,y);<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal> <SPAN style="mso-ignore: vglayout">
<TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 align=left>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD width=12 height=10></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD></TD>
<TD><IMG height=159 src="matlab3.files/image020.gif" width=212
v:shapes="_x0000_s1034"></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><O:P></O:P></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal><BR style="mso-ignore: vglayout" clear=all></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如果已知资料的误差量，就可用</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">errorbar</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">来表示。下例以单位标准差来做资的误差量：</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">
<O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">x =
linspace(0,2*pi,30);<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">y = sin(x);<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">e =
std(y)*ones(size(x));<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">errorbar(x,y,e)<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="mso-ignore: vglayout">
<TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 align=left>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD width=36 height=10></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD></TD>
<TD><IMG height=199 src="matlab3.files/image022.gif" width=265
v:shapes="_x0000_s1035"></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><O:P></O:P></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal><BR style="mso-ignore: vglayout" clear=all></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对於变化剧烈的函数，可用</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">fplot</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">来进行较精确的绘图，会对剧烈变化处进行较密集的取样，如下例：</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">fplot('sin(1/x)', [0.02
0.2]); % [0.02 0.2]</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是绘图范围</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="MARGIN-TOP: 10px; Z-INDEX: 11; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 260px; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 195px; mso-ignore: vglayout"><IMG
height=195 src="matlab3.files/image024.gif" width=260
v:shapes="_x0000_s1036"></SPAN> <![endif]> <SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">若要产生极座标图形，可用</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">polar</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">theta=linspace(0,
2*pi);<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">r=cos(4*theta);<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">polar(theta, r);<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><O:P><IMG height=195
src="matlab3.files/image026.gif" width=260
v:shapes="_x0000_s1037"></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal>
<P><BR style="mso-ignore: vglayout" clear=all></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对於大量的资料，我们可用</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">hist</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">来显示资料的分 情况和统计特性。下面几个命令可用来验证</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">randn</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">产生的高斯乱数分 ：</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">x=randn(5000, 1); %
</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">产生</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">5000</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> m=0</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">s=1 </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的高斯乱数</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">hist(x,20); % 20</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">代表长条的个数</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="mso-ignore: vglayout">
<TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 align=left>
<TBODY>
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