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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html><head><meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy for Linux/x86 (vers 1st December 2004), see www.w3.org"><title>NCURSES Programming HOWTO</title><meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7"></head><body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="ARTICLE"><div class="TITLEPAGE"><h1 class="TITLE"><a name="AEN2" id="AEN2">NCURSES ProgrammingHOWTO</a></h1><h3 class="AUTHOR"><a name="AEN4" id="AEN4">Pradeep Padala</a></h3><div class="AFFILIATION"><div class="ADDRESS"><p class="ADDRESS"><code class="EMAIL"><<a href="mailto:ppadala@gmail.com">ppadala@gmail.com</a>></code></p></div></div><p class="PUBDATE">v1.9, 2005-06-20<br></p><div class="REVHISTORY"><table width="100%" border="0"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" colspan="3"><b>RevisionHistory</b></th></tr><tr><td align="left">Revision 1.9</td><td align="left">2005-06-20</td><td align="left">Revised by: ppadala</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="3">The license has been changed to theMIT-style license used by NCURSES. Note that the programs are alsore-licensed under this.</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revision 1.8</td><td align="left">2005-06-17</td><td align="left">Revised by: ppadala</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="3">Lots of updates. Added references andperl examples. Changes to examples. Many grammatical and stylisticchanges to the content. Changes to NCURSES history.</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revision 1.7.1</td><td align="left">2002-06-25</td><td align="left">Revised by: ppadala</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="3">Added a README file for building andinstructions for building from source.</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revision 1.7</td><td align="left">2002-06-25</td><td align="left">Revised by: ppadala</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="3">Added "Other formats" section and madea lot of fancy changes to the programs. Inlining of programs isgone.</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revision 1.6.1</td><td align="left">2002-02-24</td><td align="left">Revised by: ppadala</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="3">Removed the old Changelog section,cleaned the makefiles</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revision 1.6</td><td align="left">2002-02-16</td><td align="left">Revised by: ppadala</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="3">Corrected a lot of spelling mistakes,added ACS variables section</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revision 1.5</td><td align="left">2002-01-05</td><td align="left">Revised by: ppadala</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="3">Changed structure to present properTOC</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revision 1.3.1</td><td align="left">2001-07-26</td><td align="left">Revised by: ppadala</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="3">Corrected maintainers paragraph,Corrected stable release number</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revision 1.3</td><td align="left">2001-07-24</td><td align="left">Revised by: ppadala</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="3">Added copyright notices to maindocument (LDP license) and programs (GPL), Correctedprintw_example.</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revision 1.2</td><td align="left">2001-06-05</td><td align="left">Revised by: ppadala</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="3">Incorporated ravi's changes. Mainly tointroduction, menu, form, justforfun sections</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revision 1.1</td><td align="left">2001-05-22</td><td align="left">Revised by: ppadala</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="3">Added "a word about window" section,Added scanw_example.</td></tr></table></div><div><div class="ABSTRACT"><a name="AEN67" id="AEN67"></a><p><em>This document is intended to be an "All in One" guide forprogramming with ncurses and its sister libraries. We graduate froma simple "Hello World" program to more complex form manipulation.No prior experience in ncurses is assumed. Send comments to<a href="mailto:ppadala@gmail.com" target="_top">thisaddress</a></em></p></div></div><hr></div><div class="TOC"><dl><dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt><dt>1. <a href="#INTRO">Introduction</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>1.1. <a href="#WHATIS">What is NCURSES?</a></dt><dt>1.2. <a href="#WHATCANWEDO">What we can do withNCURSES</a></dt><dt>1.3. <a href="#WHERETOGETIT">Where to get it</a></dt><dt>1.4. <a href="#PURPOSE">Purpose/Scope of the document</a></dt><dt>1.5. <a href="#ABOUTPROGRAMS">About the Programs</a></dt><dt>1.6. <a href="#OTHERFORMATS">Other Formats of thedocument</a></dt><dt>1.7. <a href="#CREDITS">Credits</a></dt><dt>1.8. <a href="#WISHLIST">Wish List</a></dt><dt>1.9. <a href="#COPYRIGHT">Copyright</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>2. <a href="#HELLOWORLD">Hello World !!!</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>2.1. <a href="#COMPILECURSES">Compiling With the NCURSESLibrary</a></dt><dt>2.2. <a href="#DISSECTION">Dissection</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>3. <a href="#GORY">The Gory Details</a></dt><dt>4. <a href="#INIT">Initialization</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>4.1. <a href="#ABOUTINIT">Initialization functions</a></dt><dt>4.2. <a href="#RAWCBREAK">raw() and cbreak()</a></dt><dt>4.3. <a href="#ECHONOECHO">echo() and noecho()</a></dt><dt>4.4. <a href="#KEYPAD">keypad()</a></dt><dt>4.5. <a href="#HALFDELAY">halfdelay()</a></dt><dt>4.6. <a href="#MISCINIT">Miscellaneous Initializationfunctions</a></dt><dt>4.7. <a href="#INITEX">An Example</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>5. <a href="#AWORDWINDOWS">A Word about Windows</a></dt><dt>6. <a href="#PRINTW">Output functions</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>6.1. <a href="#ADDCHCLASS">addch() class of functions</a></dt><dt>6.2. <a href="#AEN298">mvaddch(), waddch() andmvwaddch()</a></dt><dt>6.3. <a href="#PRINTWCLASS">printw() class offunctions</a></dt><dt>6.4. <a href="#ADDSTRCLASS">addstr() class offunctions</a></dt><dt>6.5. <a href="#ACAUTION">A word of caution</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>7. <a href="#SCANW">Input functions</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>7.1. <a href="#GETCHCLASS">getch() class of functions</a></dt><dt>7.2. <a href="#SCANWCLASS">scanw() class of functions</a></dt><dt>7.3. <a href="#GETSTRCLASS">getstr() class offunctions</a></dt><dt>7.4. <a href="#GETSTREX">Some examples</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>8. <a href="#ATTRIB">Attributes</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>8.1. <a href="#ATTRIBDETAILS">The details</a></dt><dt>8.2. <a href="#ATTRONVSATTRSET">attron() vs attrset()</a></dt><dt>8.3. <a href="#ATTR_GET">attr_get()</a></dt><dt>8.4. <a href="#ATTR_FUNCS">attr_ functions</a></dt><dt>8.5. <a href="#WATTRFUNCS">wattr functions</a></dt><dt>8.6. <a href="#CHGAT">chgat() functions</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>9. <a href="#WINDOWS">Windows</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>9.1. <a href="#WINDOWBASICS">The basics</a></dt><dt>9.2. <a href="#LETBEWINDOW">Let there be a Window !!!</a></dt><dt>9.3. <a href="#BORDEREXEXPL">Explanation</a></dt><dt>9.4. <a href="#OTHERSTUFF">The other stuff in theexample</a></dt><dt>9.5. <a href="#OTHERBORDERFUNCS">Other Borderfunctions</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>10. <a href="#COLOR">Colors</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>10.1. <a href="#COLORBASICS">The basics</a></dt><dt>10.2. <a href="#CHANGECOLORDEFS">Changing ColorDefinitions</a></dt><dt>10.3. <a href="#COLORCONTENT">Color Content</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>11. <a href="#KEYS">Interfacing with the key board</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>11.1. <a href="#KEYSBASICS">The Basics</a></dt><dt>11.2. <a href="#SIMPLEKEYEX">A Simple Key Usageexample</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>12. <a href="#MOUSE">Interfacing with the mouse</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>12.1. <a href="#MOUSEBASICS">The Basics</a></dt><dt>12.2. <a href="#GETTINGEVENTS">Getting the events</a></dt><dt>12.3. <a href="#MOUSETOGETHER">Putting it all Together</a></dt><dt>12.4. <a href="#MISCMOUSEFUNCS">MiscellaneousFunctions</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>13. <a href="#SCREEN">Screen Manipulation</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>13.1. <a href="#GETYX">getyx() functions</a></dt><dt>13.2. <a href="#SCREENDUMP">Screen Dumping</a></dt><dt>13.3. <a href="#WINDOWDUMP">Window Dumping</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>14. <a href="#MISC">Miscellaneous features</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>14.1. <a href="#CURSSET">curs_set()</a></dt><dt>14.2. <a href="#TEMPLEAVE">Temporarily Leaving Cursesmode</a></dt><dt>14.3. <a href="#ACSVARS">ACS_ variables</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>15. <a href="#OTHERLIB">Other libraries</a></dt><dt>16. <a href="#PANELS">Panel Library</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>16.1. <a href="#PANELBASICS">The Basics</a></dt><dt>16.2. <a href="#COMPILEPANELS">Compiling With the PanelsLibrary</a></dt><dt>16.3. <a href="#PANELBROWSING">Panel Window Browsing</a></dt><dt>16.4. <a href="#USERPTRUSING">Using User Pointers</a></dt><dt>16.5. <a href="#PANELMOVERESIZE">Moving and ResizingPanels</a></dt><dt>16.6. <a href="#PANELSHOWHIDE">Hiding and ShowingPanels</a></dt><dt>16.7. <a href="#PANELABOVE">panel_above() and panel_below()Functions</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>17. <a href="#MENUS">Menus Library</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>17.1. <a href="#MENUBASICS">The Basics</a></dt><dt>17.2. <a href="#COMPILEMENUS">Compiling With the MenuLibrary</a></dt><dt>17.3. <a href="#MENUDRIVER">Menu Driver: The work horse of themenu system</a></dt><dt>17.4. <a href="#MENUWINDOWS">Menu Windows</a></dt><dt>17.5. <a href="#SCROLLMENUS">Scrolling Menus</a></dt><dt>17.6. <a href="#MULTICOLUMN">Multi Columnar Menus</a></dt><dt>17.7. <a href="#MULTIVALUEMENUS">Multi Valued Menus</a></dt><dt>17.8. <a href="#MENUOPT">Menu Options</a></dt><dt>17.9. <a href="#MENUUSERPTR">The useful User Pointer</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>18. <a href="#FORMS">Forms Library</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>18.1. <a href="#FORMBASICS">The Basics</a></dt><dt>18.2. <a href="#COMPILEFORMS">Compiling With the FormsLibrary</a></dt><dt>18.3. <a href="#PLAYFIELDS">Playing with Fields</a></dt><dt>18.4. <a href="#FORMWINDOWS">Form Windows</a></dt><dt>18.5. <a href="#FILEDVALIDATE">Field Validation</a></dt><dt>18.6. <a href="#FORMDRIVER">Form Driver: The work horse of theforms system</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>19. <a href="#TOOLS">Tools and Widget Libraries</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>19.1. <a href="#CDK">CDK (Curses Development Kit)</a></dt><dt>19.2. <a href="#DIALOG">The dialog</a></dt><dt>19.3. <a href="#PERLCURSES">Perl Curses Modules CURSES::FORMand CURSES::WIDGETS</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>20. <a href="#JUSTFORFUN">Just For Fun !!!</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>20.1. <a href="#GAMEOFLIFE">The Game of Life</a></dt><dt>20.2. <a href="#MAGIC">Magic Square</a></dt><dt>20.3. <a href="#HANOI">Towers of Hanoi</a></dt>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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