postgres-ref.sgml

PostgreSQL 8.1.4的源码 适用于Linux下的开源数据库系统

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$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/postgres-ref.sgml,v 1.45 2004/11/15 06:32:15 neilc Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation
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<refentry id="APP-POSTGRES">
 <refmeta>
  <refentrytitle id="APP-POSTGRES-TITLE"><application>postgres</application></refentrytitle>
  <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
  <refmiscinfo>Application</refmiscinfo>
 </refmeta>

 <refnamediv>
  <refname>postgres</refname>
  <refpurpose>run a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> server in single-user mode</refpurpose>
 </refnamediv>

 <indexterm zone="app-postgres">
  <primary>postgres (the program)</primary>
 </indexterm>

 <refsynopsisdiv>
  <cmdsynopsis>
   <!-- standalone call -->
   <command>postgres</command>
   <arg>-A <group choice="plain"><arg>0</arg><arg>1</arg></group></arg>
   <arg>-B <replaceable>nbuffers</replaceable></arg>
   <arg>-c <replaceable>name</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</replaceable></arg>
   <arg>-d <replaceable>debug-level</replaceable></arg>
   <arg>--describe-config</arg>
   <arg>-D <replaceable>datadir</replaceable></arg>
   <arg>-e</arg>
   <arg>-E</arg>
   <arg>-f<group choice="plain"><arg>s</arg><arg>i</arg><arg>t</arg><arg>n</arg><arg>m</arg><arg>h</arg></group></arg>
   <arg>-F</arg>
   <arg>-N</arg>
   <arg>-o <replaceable>filename</replaceable></arg>
   <arg>-O</arg>
   <arg>-P</arg>
   <group>
    <arg>-s</arg>
    <arg>-t<group choice="plain"><arg>pa</arg><arg>pl</arg><arg>ex</arg></group></arg>
   </group>
   <arg>-S <replaceable>work-mem</replaceable></arg>
   <arg>-W <replaceable>seconds</replaceable></arg>
   <arg>--<replaceable>name</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</replaceable></arg>
   <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>database</replaceable></arg>
   <sbr>
   <!-- postmaster fork -->
   <command>postgres</command>
   <arg>-A <group choice="plain"><arg>0</arg><arg>1</arg></group></arg>
   <arg>-B <replaceable>nbuffers</replaceable></arg>
   <arg>-c <replaceable>name</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</replaceable></arg>
   <arg>-d <replaceable>debug-level</replaceable></arg>
   <arg>-D <replaceable>datadir</replaceable></arg>
   <arg>-e</arg>
   <arg>-f<group choice="plain"><arg>s</arg><arg>i</arg><arg>t</arg><arg>n</arg><arg>m</arg><arg>h</arg></group></arg>
   <arg>-F</arg>
   <arg>-o <replaceable>filename</replaceable></arg>
   <arg>-O</arg>
   <arg>-p <replaceable>database</replaceable></arg>
   <arg>-P</arg>
   <group>
    <arg>-s</arg>
    <arg>-t<group choice="plain"><arg>pa</arg><arg>pl</arg><arg>ex</arg></group></arg>
   </group>
   <arg>-S <replaceable>work-mem</replaceable></arg>
   <arg>-v <replaceable>protocol</replaceable></arg>
   <arg>-W <replaceable>seconds</replaceable></arg>
   <arg>--<replaceable>name</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</replaceable></arg>
  </cmdsynopsis>
 </refsynopsisdiv>

 <refsect1>
  <title>Description</title>

  <para>
   The <command>postgres</command> executable is the actual
   <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> server process that processes
   queries.  It is normally not called directly; instead a <xref
   linkend="app-postmaster"> multiuser server is started.
  </para>

  <para>
   The second form above is how
   <command>postgres</command> is invoked by the <xref
   linkend="app-postmaster"> (only
   conceptually, since both <filename>postmaster</filename> and
   <filename>postgres</filename> are in fact the same program); it
   should not be invoked directly this way.  The first form invokes
   the server directly in interactive single-user mode.  The primary use
   for this mode is during bootstrapping by <xref linkend="app-initdb">.
   Sometimes it is used for debugging or disaster recovery.
  </para>

  <para>
   When invoked in interactive mode from the shell, the user can enter
   queries and the results will be printed to the screen, but in a
   form that is more useful for developers than end users.  But note
   that running a single-user server is not truly suitable for
   debugging the server since no realistic interprocess communication
   and locking will happen.
  </para>

  <para>
   When running a stand-alone server, the session user will be set to
   the user with ID 1.  This user does not actually have to exist, so
   a stand-alone server can be used to manually recover from certain
   kinds of accidental damage to the system catalogs.  Implicit
   superuser powers are granted to the user with ID 1 in stand-alone
   mode.
  </para>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1>
  <title>Options</title>

   <para>
    When <command>postgres</command> is started by a <xref
    linkend="app-postmaster"> then it
    inherits all options set by the latter.  Additionally,
    <command>postgres</command>-specific options can be passed
    from the <command>postmaster</command> with the
    <option>-o</option> switch.
   </para>

   <para>
    You can avoid having to type these options by setting up a
    configuration file.  See <xref linkend="runtime-config"> for details.  Some
    (safe) options can also be set from the connecting client in an
    application-dependent way.  For example, if the environment
    variable <envar>PGOPTIONS</envar> is set, then
    <application>libpq</>-based clients will pass that string to the
    server, which will interpret it as
    <command>postgres</command> command-line options.
   </para>

   <refsect2>
    <title>General Purpose</title>

    <para>
     The options <option>-A</option>, <option>-B</option>,
     <option>-c</option>, <option>-d</option>, <option>-D</option>,
     <option>-F</option>, and <option>--<replaceable>name</></option> have the same meanings
     as the <xref linkend="app-postmaster"> except that
     <literal>-d 0</> prevents the server log level of
     the <command>postmaster</> from being propagated to <command>postgres</>.
    </para>

    <variablelist>
     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-e</option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Sets the default date style to <quote>European</quote>, that is
	<literal>DMY</> ordering of input date fields.  This also causes
	the day to be printed before the month in certain date output formats.
	See <xref linkend="datatype-datetime"> for more information.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-o</option> <replaceable class="parameter">filename</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	Send all server log output to 
	<replaceable class="parameter">filename</replaceable>.
	If <command>postgres</command> is running under the
	<command>postmaster</command>, this option is ignored,
	and the <systemitem>stderr</> inherited from the
	<command>postmaster</command> is used.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-P</option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	Ignore system indexes when reading system tables (but still update
	the indexes when modifying the tables).  This is useful when
	recovering from damaged system indexes.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-s</option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	Print time information and other statistics at the end of each command.
	This is useful for benchmarking or for use in tuning the number of
	buffers.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-S</option> <replaceable class="parameter">work-mem</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	Specifies the amount of memory to be used by internal sorts and hashes
	before resorting to temporary disk files.  See the description of the
	<varname>work_mem</> configuration parameter in <xref
	linkend="runtime-config-resource-memory">.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>
   </refsect2>

   <refsect2>
    <title>Options for stand-alone mode</title>

    <variablelist>
     <varlistentry>
      <term><replaceable class="parameter">database</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	Specifies the name of the database to be accessed.  If it is
	omitted it defaults to the user name.	
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-E</option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
	Echo all commands.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-N</option></term>