pg_dump.sgml

PostgreSQL 8.1.4的源码 适用于Linux下的开源数据库系统

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-s</option></term>
      <term><option>--schema-only</option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Dump only the object definitions (schema), not data.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-S <replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable></option></term>
      <term><option>--superuser=<replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable></option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Specify the superuser user name to use when disabling triggers.
        This is only relevant if <option>--disable-triggers</> is used.
        (Usually, it's better to leave this out, and instead start the
        resulting script as superuser.)
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-t <replaceable class="parameter">table</replaceable></option></term>
      <term><option>--table=<replaceable class="parameter">table</replaceable></option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Dump data for <replaceable class="parameter">table</replaceable>
        only. It is possible for there to be
        multiple tables with the same name in different schemas; if that
        is the case, all matching tables will be dumped.  Specify both
        <option>--schema</> and <option>--table</> to select just one table.
       </para>

       <note>
        <para>
         In this mode, <application>pg_dump</application> makes no
         attempt to dump any other database objects that the selected table
         may depend upon. Therefore, there is no guarantee
         that the results of a single-table dump can be successfully
         restored by themselves into a clean database.
        </para>
       </note>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-v</></term>
      <term><option>--verbose</></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Specifies verbose mode.  This will cause
        <application>pg_dump</application> to output detailed object
        comments and start/stop times to the dump file, and progress 
        messages to standard error.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-x</></term>
      <term><option>--no-privileges</></term>
      <term><option>--no-acl</></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Prevent dumping of access privileges (grant/revoke commands).
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-X disable-dollar-quoting</></term>
      <term><option>--disable-dollar-quoting</></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        This option disables the use of dollar quoting for function bodies,
        and forces them to be quoted using SQL standard string syntax.
       </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-X disable-triggers</></term>
      <term><option>--disable-triggers</></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        This option is only relevant when creating a data-only dump.
        It instructs <application>pg_dump</application> to include commands
        to temporarily disable triggers on the target tables while
        the data is reloaded.  Use this if you have referential
        integrity checks or other triggers on the tables that you
        do not want to invoke during data reload.
       </para>

       <para>
        Presently, the commands emitted for <option>--disable-triggers</>
        must be done as superuser.  So, you should also specify
        a superuser name with <option>-S</>, or preferably be careful to
        start the resulting script as a superuser.
       </para>

       <para>
        This option is only meaningful for the plain-text format.  For
        the archive formats, you may specify the option when you
        call <command>pg_restore</command>.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-X use-set-session-authorization</></term>
      <term><option>--use-set-session-authorization</></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Output SQL-standard <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</> commands
        instead of <command>ALTER OWNER</> commands to determine object
        ownership.  This makes the dump more standards compatible, but
        depending on the history of the objects in the dump, may not restore
        properly.  Also, a dump using <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</>
        will certainly require superuser privileges to restore correctly,
        whereas <command>ALTER OWNER</> requires lesser privileges.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-Z <replaceable class="parameter">0..9</replaceable></option></term>
      <term><option>--compress=<replaceable class="parameter">0..9</replaceable></option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Specify the compression level to use in archive formats that
        support compression.  (Currently only the custom archive
        format supports compression.)
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
   </para>

   <para>
    The following command-line options control the database connection parameters.

    <variablelist>
     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-h <replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable></option></term>
      <term><option>--host=<replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable></option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Specifies the host name of the machine on which the server is
        running.  If the value begins with a slash, it is used as the
        directory for the Unix domain socket. The default is taken
        from the <envar>PGHOST</envar> environment variable, if set,
        else a Unix domain socket connection is attempted.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></option></term>
      <term><option>--port=<replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Specifies the TCP port or local Unix domain socket file
        extension on which the server is listening for connections.
        Defaults to the <envar>PGPORT</envar> environment variable, if
        set, or a compiled-in default.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-U <replaceable>username</replaceable></option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Connect as the given user
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-W</option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Force a password prompt.  This should happen automatically if
        the server requires password authentication.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
   </para>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1>
  <title>Environment</title>

  <variablelist>
   <varlistentry>
    <term><envar>PGDATABASE</envar></term>
    <term><envar>PGHOST</envar></term>
    <term><envar>PGPORT</envar></term>
    <term><envar>PGUSER</envar></term>

    <listitem>
     <para>
      Default connection parameters.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>
  </variablelist>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1 id="app-pgdump-diagnostics">
  <title>Diagnostics</title>

  <para>
   <application>pg_dump</application> internally executes
   <command>SELECT</command> statements. If you have problems running
   <application>pg_dump</application>, make sure you are able to
   select information from the database using, for example, <xref
   linkend="app-psql">.
  </para>
 </refsect1>


 <refsect1 id="pg-dump-notes">
  <title>Notes</title>

  <para>
   If your database cluster has any local additions to the <literal>template1</> database,
   be careful to restore the output of <application>pg_dump</application> into a
   truly empty database; otherwise you are likely to get errors due to
   duplicate definitions of the added objects.  To make an empty database
   without any local additions, copy from <literal>template0</> not <literal>template1</>,
   for example:
<programlisting>
CREATE DATABASE foo WITH TEMPLATE template0;
</programlisting>
  </para>

  <para>
   <application>pg_dump</application> has a few limitations:

   <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      When a data-only dump is chosen and the option
      <option>--disable-triggers</> is used,
      <application>pg_dump</application> emits commands to disable
      triggers on user tables before inserting the data and commands
      to re-enable them after the data has been inserted.  If the
      restore is stopped in the middle, the system catalogs may be
      left in the wrong state.
     </para>
    </listitem>

   </itemizedlist>
  </para>

  <para>
   Members of tar archives are limited to a size less than 8 GB.
   (This is an inherent limitation of the tar file format.)  Therefore
   this format cannot be used if the textual representation of any one table
   exceeds that size.  The total size of a tar archive and any of the
   other output formats is not limited, except possibly by the
   operating system.
  </para>

  <para>
   The dump file produced by <application>pg_dump</application> does
   not contain the statistics used by the optimizer to make query
   planning decisions.  Therefore, it is wise to run
   <command>ANALYZE</command> after restoring from a dump file to
   ensure good performance.
  </para>

  <para>
   Because <application>pg_dump</application> is used to tranfer data
   to newer versions of <productname>PostgreSQL</>, the output of
   <application>pg_dump</application> can be loaded into
   newer <productname>PostgreSQL</> databases.  It also can read older
   <productname>PostgreSQL</> databases.  However, it usually cannot
   read newer <productname>PostgreSQL</> databases or produce dump output
   that can be loaded into older database versions.  To do this, manual
   editing of the dump file might be required.
  </para>

 </refsect1>

 <refsect1 id="pg-dump-examples">
  <title>Examples</title>

  <para>
   To dump a database:
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_dump mydb &gt; db.out</userinput>
</screen>
  </para>

  <para>
   To reload this database:
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>psql -d database -f db.out</userinput>
</screen>
  </para>

  <para>
   To dump a database called <literal>mydb</> to a <filename>tar</filename>
   file:

<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_dump -Ft mydb &gt; db.tar</userinput>
</screen>
  </para>

  <para>
   To reload this dump into an existing database called <literal>newdb</>:

<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_restore -d newdb db.tar</userinput>
</screen>
  </para>

 </refsect1>

 <refsect1>
  <title>History</title>

  <para>
   The <application>pg_dump</application> utility first appeared in
   <application>Postgres95</application> release 0.02.  The
   non-plain-text output formats were introduced in
   <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> release 7.1.
  </para>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1>
  <title>See Also</title>

  <simplelist type="inline">
   <member><xref linkend="app-pg-dumpall"></member>
   <member><xref linkend="app-pgrestore"></member>
   <member><xref linkend="app-psql"></member>
   <member>Environment Variables (<xref linkend="libpq-envars">)</member>
  </simplelist>
 </refsect1>

</refentry>

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