installation.sgml

PostgreSQL 8.1.4的源码 适用于Linux下的开源数据库系统

    repeat this test at any later time by issuing the same command.
   </para>
  </step>

  <step id="install">
   <title>Installing The Files</title>

   <note>
    <para>
     If you are upgrading an existing system and are going to install
     the new files over the old ones, be sure to back up
     your data and shut down the old server before proceeding, as explained in
     <xref linkend="install-upgrading"> above.
    </para>
   </note>

   <para>
    To install <productname>PostgreSQL</> enter
<screen>
<userinput>gmake install</userinput>
</screen>
    This will install files into the directories that were specified
    in <xref linkend="configure">. Make sure that you have appropriate
    permissions to write into that area. Normally you need to do this
    step as root. Alternatively, you could create the target
    directories in advance and arrange for appropriate permissions to
    be granted.
   </para>

   <para>
    You can use <literal>gmake install-strip</literal> instead of
    <literal>gmake install</literal> to strip the executable files and
    libraries as they are installed.  This will save some space.  If
    you built with debugging support, stripping will effectively
    remove the debugging support, so it should only be done if
    debugging is no longer needed.  <literal>install-strip</literal>
    tries to do a reasonable job saving space, but it does not have
    perfect knowledge of how to strip every unneeded byte from an
    executable file, so if you want to save all the disk space you
    possibly can, you will have to do manual work.
   </para>

   <para>
    The standard installation provides all the header files needed for client
    application development as well as for server-side program
    development, such as custom functions or data types written in C.
    (Prior to <productname>PostgreSQL</> 8.0, a separate <literal>gmake
    install-all-headers</> command was needed for the latter, but this
    step has been folded into the standard install.)
   </para>

   <formalpara>
    <title>Client-only installation:</title>
    <para>
     If you want to install only the client applications and
     interface libraries, then you can use these commands:
<screen>
<userinput>gmake -C src/bin install</>
<userinput>gmake -C src/include install</>
<userinput>gmake -C src/interfaces install</>
<userinput>gmake -C doc install</>
</screen>
    </para>
   </formalpara>
  </step>
  </procedure>

  <formalpara>
   <title>Registering <application>eventlog</> on <systemitem 
   class="osname">Windows</>:</title>
   <para>
    To register a <systemitem class="osname">Windows</> <application>eventlog</>
    library with the operating system, issue this command after installation:
<screen>
<userinput>regsvr32 <replaceable>pgsql_library_directory</>/pgevent.dll</>
</screen>
    This creates registry entries used by the event viewer.
   </para>
  </formalpara>

  <formalpara>
   <title>Uninstallation:</title>
   <para>
    To undo the installation use the command <command>gmake
    uninstall</>. However, this will not remove any created directories.
   </para>
  </formalpara>

  <formalpara>
   <title>Cleaning:</title>

   <para>
    After the installation you can make room by removing the built
    files from the source tree with the command <command>gmake
    clean</>. This will preserve the files made by the <command>configure</command>
    program, so that you can rebuild everything with <command>gmake</>
    later on. To reset the source tree to the state in which it was
    distributed, use <command>gmake distclean</>. If you are going to
    build for several platforms within the same source tree you must do
    this and re-configure for each build.  (Alternatively, use
    a separate build tree for each platform, so that the source tree
    remains unmodified.)
   </para>
  </formalpara>

  <para>
   If you perform a build and then discover that your <command>configure</>
   options were wrong, or if you change anything that <command>configure</>
   investigates (for example, software upgrades), then it's a good
   idea to do <command>gmake distclean</> before reconfiguring and
   rebuilding.  Without this, your changes in configuration choices
   may not propagate everywhere they need to.
  </para>
 </sect1>

 <sect1 id="install-post">
  <title>Post-Installation Setup</title>

  <sect2>
   <title>Shared Libraries</title>

   <indexterm>
    <primary>shared library</primary>
   </indexterm>

   <para>
    On some systems that have shared libraries (which most systems do)
    you need to tell your system how to find the newly installed
    shared libraries.  The systems on which this is
    <emphasis>not</emphasis> necessary include <systemitem
    class="osname">BSD/OS</>, <systemitem class="osname">FreeBSD</>,
    <systemitem class="osname">HP-UX</>, <systemitem
    class="osname">IRIX</>, <systemitem class="osname">Linux</>,
    <systemitem class="osname">NetBSD</>, <systemitem
    class="osname">OpenBSD</>, <systemitem class="osname">Tru64
    UNIX</> (formerly <systemitem class="osname">Digital UNIX</>), and
    <systemitem class="osname">Solaris</>.
   </para>

   <para>
    The method to set the shared library search path varies between
    platforms, but the most widely usable method is to set the
    environment variable <envar>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</> like so: In Bourne
    shells (<command>sh</>, <command>ksh</>, <command>bash</>, <command>zsh</>)
<programlisting>
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
</programlisting>
    or in <command>csh</> or <command>tcsh</>
<programlisting>
setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/local/pgsql/lib
</programlisting>
    Replace <literal>/usr/local/pgsql/lib</> with whatever you set
    <option><literal>--libdir</></> to in <xref linkend="configure">.
    You should put these commands into a shell start-up file such as
    <filename>/etc/profile</> or <filename>~/.bash_profile</>.  Some
    good information about the caveats associated with this method can
    be found at <ulink
    url="http://www.visi.com/~barr/ldpath.html"></ulink>.
   </para>

   <para>
    On some systems it might be preferable to set the environment
    variable <envar>LD_RUN_PATH</envar> <emphasis>before</emphasis>
    building.
   </para>

   <para>
    On <systemitem class="osname">Cygwin</systemitem>, put the library
    directory in the <envar>PATH</envar> or move the
    <filename>.dll</filename> files into the <filename>bin</filename>
    directory.
   </para>

   <para>
    If in doubt, refer to the manual pages of your system (perhaps
    <command>ld.so</command> or <command>rld</command>). If you later
    on get a message like
<screen>
psql: error in loading shared libraries
libpq.so.2.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
</screen>
    then this step was necessary.  Simply take care of it then.
   </para>

   <para>
    <indexterm>
     <primary>ldconfig</primary>
    </indexterm>
    If you are on <systemitem class="osname">BSD/OS</>, <systemitem
    class="osname">Linux</>, or <systemitem class="osname">SunOS 4</>
    and you have root access you can run
<programlisting>
/sbin/ldconfig /usr/local/pgsql/lib
</programlisting>
    (or equivalent directory) after installation to enable the
    run-time linker to find the shared libraries faster.  Refer to the
    manual page of <command>ldconfig</> for more information.  On
    <systemitem class="osname">FreeBSD</>, <systemitem
    class="osname">NetBSD</>, and <systemitem
    class="osname">OpenBSD</> the command is
<programlisting>
/sbin/ldconfig -m /usr/local/pgsql/lib
</programlisting>
    instead.  Other systems are not known to have an equivalent
    command.
   </para>
  </sect2>

  <sect2>
   <title>Environment Variables</title>

   <indexterm>
    <primary><envar>PATH</envar></primary>
   </indexterm>

   <para>
    If you installed into <filename>/usr/local/pgsql</> or some other
    location that is not searched for programs by default, you should
    add <filename>/usr/local/pgsql/bin</> (or whatever you set
    <option><literal>--bindir</></> to in <xref linkend="configure">)
    into your <envar>PATH</>.  Strictly speaking, this is not
    necessary, but it will make the use of <productname>PostgreSQL</>
    much more convenient.
   </para>

   <para>
    To do this, add the following to your shell start-up file, such as
    <filename>~/.bash_profile</> (or <filename>/etc/profile</>, if you
    want it to affect every user):
<programlisting>
PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/bin:$PATH
export PATH
</programlisting>
    If you are using <command>csh</> or <command>tcsh</>, then use this command:
<programlisting>
set path = ( /usr/local/pgsql/bin $path )
</programlisting>
   </para>

   <para>
    <indexterm>
     <primary><envar>MANPATH</envar></primary>
    </indexterm>
    To enable your system to find the <application>man</>
    documentation, you need to add lines like the following to a
    shell start-up file unless you installed into a location that is
    searched by default.
<programlisting>
MANPATH=/usr/local/pgsql/man:$MANPATH
export MANPATH
</programlisting>
   </para>

   <para>
    The environment variables <envar>PGHOST</> and <envar>PGPORT</>
    specify to client applications the host and port of the database
    server, overriding the compiled-in defaults. If you are going to
    run client applications remotely then it is convenient if every
    user that plans to use the database sets <envar>PGHOST</>.  This
    is not required, however: the settings can be communicated via command
    line options to most client programs.
   </para>
  </sect2>
 </sect1>


<![%standalone-include;[
 <sect1 id="install-getting-started">
  <title>Getting Started</title>

  <para>
   The following is a quick summary of how to get <productname>PostgreSQL</> up and
   running once installed. The main documentation contains more information.
  </para>

  <procedure>
   <step>
    <para>
     Create a user account for the <productname>PostgreSQL</>
     server. This is the user the server will run as. For production
     use you should create a separate, unprivileged account
     (<quote>postgres</> is commonly used). If you do not have root
     access or just want to play around, your own user account is
     enough, but running the server as root is a security risk and
     will not work.
<screen>
<userinput>adduser postgres</>
</screen>
    </para>
   </step>

   <step>
    <para>
     Create a database installation with the <command>initdb</>
     command. To run <command>initdb</> you must be logged in to your
     <productname>PostgreSQL</> server account. It will not work as
     root.
<screen>
root# <userinput>mkdir /usr/local/pgsql/data</>
root# <userinput>chown postgres /usr/local/pgsql/data</>
root# <userinput>su - postgres</>
postgres$ <userinput>/usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data</>
</screen>
    </para>

    <para>
     The <option>-D</> option specifies the location where the data
     will be stored. You can use any path you want, it does not have
     to be under the installation directory. Just make sure that the
     server account can write to the directory (or create it, if it
     doesn't already exist) before starting <command>initdb</>, as
     illustrated here.
    </para>
   </step>

   <step>
    <para>
     The previous step should have told you how to start up the
     database server. Do so now. The command should look something
     like
<programlisting>
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
</programlisting>
     This will start the server in the foreground. To put the server
     in the background use something like
<programlisting>
nohup /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data \
    &lt;/dev/null &gt;&gt;server.log 2&gt;&amp;1 &lt;/dev/null &amp;
</programlisting>
    </para>

    <para>
     To stop a server running in the background you can type
<programlisting>
kill `cat /usr/local/pgsql/data/postmaster.pid`
</programlisting>
    </para>

    <para>
     In order to allow TCP/IP connections (rather than only Unix
     domain socket ones) you need to pass the <option>-i</> option to
     <filename>postmaster</>.
    </para>
   </step>

   <step>
    <para>
     Create a database:
<screen>
<userinput>createdb testdb</>