installation.sgml

PostgreSQL 8.1.4的源码 适用于Linux下的开源数据库系统

<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/installation.sgml,v 1.249 2005/11/05 00:04:04 tgl Exp $ -->

<chapter id="installation">
 <title><![%standalone-include[<productname>PostgreSQL</>]]>
  Installation Instructions</title>

 <indexterm zone="installation">
  <primary>installation</primary>
 </indexterm>

 <para>
  This <![%standalone-include;[document]]>
  <![%standalone-ignore;[chapter]]> describes the installation of
  <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> from the source code
  distribution.  (If you are installing a pre-packaged distribution,
  such as an RPM or Debian package, ignore this
  <![%standalone-include;[document]]>
  <![%standalone-ignore;[chapter]]>
  and read the packager's instructions instead.)
 </para>

 <sect1 id="install-short">
  <title>Short Version</title>

  <para>
<synopsis>
./configure
gmake
su
gmake install
adduser postgres
mkdir /usr/local/pgsql/data
chown postgres /usr/local/pgsql/data
su - postgres
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data &gt;logfile 2&gt;&amp;1 &amp;
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/createdb test
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql test
</synopsis>
   The long version is the rest of this
   <![%standalone-include;[document.]]>
   <![%standalone-ignore;[chapter.]]>
  </para>
 </sect1>


 <sect1 id="install-requirements">
  <title>Requirements</title>

  <para>
   In general, a modern Unix-compatible platform should be able to run
   <productname>PostgreSQL</>.
    The platforms that had received specific testing at the
   time of release are listed in <xref linkend="supported-platforms">
   below. In the <filename>doc</> subdirectory of the distribution
   there are several platform-specific <acronym>FAQ</> documents you
   might wish to consult if you are having trouble.
  </para>

  <para>
   The following software packages are required for building
   <productname>PostgreSQL</>:

   <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <indexterm>
       <primary>make</primary>
      </indexterm>

      <acronym>GNU</> <application>make</> is required; other
      <application>make</> programs will <emphasis>not</> work.
      <acronym>GNU</> <application>make</> is often installed under
      the name <filename>gmake</filename>; this document will always
      refer to it by that name. (On some systems
      <acronym>GNU</acronym> <application>make</> is the default tool with the name
      <filename>make</>.) To test for <acronym>GNU</acronym>
      <application>make</application> enter
<screen>
<userinput>gmake --version</userinput>
</screen>
      It is recommended to use version 3.76.1 or later.
     </para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
     <para>
      You need an <acronym>ISO</>/<acronym>ANSI</> C compiler. Recent
      versions of <productname>GCC</> are recommendable, but
      <productname>PostgreSQL</> is known to build with a wide variety
      of compilers from different vendors.
     </para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
     <para>
      <application>tar</> is required to unpack the source
      distribution in the first place, in addition to either
      <application>gzip</> or <application>bzip2</>.
     </para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
     <para>
      <indexterm>
       <primary>readline</primary>
      </indexterm>

      The <acronym>GNU</> <productname>Readline</> library (for
      comfortable line editing and command history retrieval) will be
      used by default.  If you don't want to use it then you must
      specify the <option>--without-readline</option> option for
      <filename>configure</>.  (On <productname>NetBSD</productname>,
      the <filename>libedit</filename> library is
      <productname>Readline</productname>-compatible and is used if
      <filename>libreadline</filename> is not found.)  If you are using
      a package-based Linux distribution, be aware that you need both
      the <literal>readline</> and <literal>readline-devel</> packages,
      if those are separate in your distribution.
     </para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
     <para>
      <indexterm>
       <primary>zlib</primary>
      </indexterm>

      The <productname>zlib</productname> compression library will be
      used by default. If you don't want to use it then you must
      specify the <option>--without-zlib</option> option for
      <filename>configure</filename>. Using this option disables
      support for compressed archives in <application>pg_dump</> and
      <application>pg_restore</>.
     </para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
     <para>
      <indexterm>
       <primary>installation</primary>
       <secondary>on Windows</secondary>
      </indexterm>

      Additional software is needed to build
      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> on <productname>Windows</>.
      You can build <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> for
      <productname>NT</>-based versions of <productname>Windows</>
      (like Windows XP and 2003) using <productname>MinGW</productname>;
      see <filename>doc/FAQ_MINGW</> for details.  You can also build
      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> using
      <productname>Cygwin</productname>; see <filename>doc/FAQ_CYGWIN</>.
      A <productname>Cygwin</productname>-based build will work on older
      versions of <productname>Windows</>, but if you have a choice,
      we recommend the <productname>MinGW</productname> approach.
      While these are the only tool sets recommended for a complete build,
      it is possible to build just the C client library
      (<application>libpq</application>) and the interactive terminal
      (<application>psql</application>) using other <productname>Windows</>
      tool sets.  For details of that see
      <![%standalone-include[the documentation chapter "Client-Only
      Installation on Windows"]]> <![%standalone-ignore[<xref
      linkend="install-win32">]]>.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </itemizedlist>
  </para>

  <para>
   The following packages are optional.  They are not required in the
   default configuration, but they are needed when certain build
   options are enabled, as explained below.

   <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      To build the server programming language
      <application>PL/Perl</application> you need a full
      <productname>Perl</productname> installation, including the
      <filename>libperl</filename> library and the header files.
      Since <application>PL/Perl</application> will be a shared
      library, the <indexterm><primary>libperl</primary></indexterm>
      <filename>libperl</filename> library must be a shared library
      also on most platforms.  This appears to be the default in
      recent <productname>Perl</productname> versions, but it was not
      in earlier versions, and in any case it is the choice of whomever
      installed Perl at your site.
     </para>

     <para>
      If you don't have the shared library but you need one, a message
      like this will appear during the build to point out this fact:
<screen>
*** Cannot build PL/Perl because libperl is not a shared library.
*** You might have to rebuild your Perl installation.  Refer to
*** the documentation for details.
</screen>
      (If you don't follow the on-screen output you will merely notice
      that the <application>PL/Perl</application> library object,
      <filename>plperl.so</filename> or similar, will not be
      installed.)  If you see this, you will have to rebuild and
      install <productname>Perl</productname> manually to be able to
      build <application>PL/Perl</application>.  During the
      configuration process for <productname>Perl</productname>,
      request a shared library.
     </para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
     <para>
      To build the <application>PL/Python</> server programming
      language, you need a <productname>Python</productname>
      installation with the header files and the <application>distutils</application> module.
      The <application>distutils</application> module is included by default with
      <productname>Python</productname> 1.6 and later; users of
      earlier versions of <productname>Python</productname> will need
      to install it.
     </para>

     <para>
      Since <application>PL/Python</application> will be a shared
      library, the <indexterm><primary>libpython</primary></indexterm>
      <filename>libpython</filename> library must be a shared library
      also on most platforms.  This is not the case in a default
      <productname>Python</productname> installation.  If after
      building and installing you have a file called
      <filename>plpython.so</filename> (possibly a different
      extension), then everything went well.  Otherwise you should
      have seen a notice like this flying by:
<screen>
*** Cannot build PL/Python because libpython is not a shared library.
*** You might have to rebuild your Python installation.  Refer to
*** the documentation for details.
</screen>
      That means you have to rebuild (part of) your
      <productname>Python</productname> installation to supply this
      shared library.
     </para>

     <para>
      If you have problems, run <productname>Python</> 2.3 or later's
      configure using the <literal>--enable-shared</> flag.  On some
      operating systems you don't have to build a shared library, but
      you will have to convince the <productname>PostgreSQL</> build
      system of this.  Consult the <filename>Makefile</filename> in
      the <filename>src/pl/plpython</filename> directory for details.
     </para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
     <para>
      If you want to build the <application>PL/Tcl</application>
      procedural language, you of course need a Tcl installation.
     </para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
     <para>
      To enable Native Language Support (<acronym>NLS</acronym>), that
      is, the ability to display a program's messages in a language
      other than English, you need an implementation of the
      <application>Gettext</> <acronym>API</acronym>.  Some operating
      systems have this built-in (e.g., <systemitem
      class="osname">Linux</>, <systemitem class="osname">NetBSD</>,
      <systemitem class="osname">Solaris</>), for other systems you
      can download an add-on package from <ulink
      url="http://developer.postgresql.org/~petere/bsd-gettext/"></ulink>.
      If you are using the <application>Gettext</> implementation in
      the <acronym>GNU</acronym> C library then you will additionally
      need the <productname>GNU Gettext</productname> package for some
      utility programs.  For any of the other implementations you will
      not need it.
     </para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
     <para>
      <application>Kerberos</>, <productname>OpenSSL</>, and/or
      <application>PAM</>, if you want to support authentication or
      encryption using these services.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </itemizedlist>
  </para>

  <para>
   If you are building from a <acronym>CVS</acronym> tree instead of
   using a released source package, or if you want to do development,
   you also need the following packages:

   <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      <indexterm>
       <primary>flex</primary>
      </indexterm>
      <indexterm>
       <primary>bison</primary>
      </indexterm>
      <indexterm>
       <primary>yacc</primary>
      </indexterm>

      GNU <application>Flex</> and <application>Bison</>
      are needed to build a CVS checkout or if you changed the actual
      scanner and parser definition files. If you need them, be sure
      to get <application>Flex</> 2.5.4 or later and
      <application>Bison</> 1.875 or later. Other <application>yacc</>
      programs can sometimes be used, but doing so requires extra
      effort and is not recommended. Other <application>lex</>
      programs will definitely not work.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </itemizedlist>
  </para>

  <para>
   If you need to get a <acronym>GNU</acronym> package, you can find
   it at your local <acronym>GNU</acronym> mirror site (see <ulink
   url="http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html"></>
   for a list) or at <ulink
   url="ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/"></ulink>.
  </para>

  <para>
   Also check that you have sufficient disk space. You will need about
   65 MB for the source tree during compilation and about 15 MB for
   the installation directory. An empty database cluster takes about
   25 MB, databases take about five times the amount of space that a
   flat text file with the same data would take. If you are going to
   run the regression tests you will temporarily need up to an extra
   90 MB. Use the <command>df</command> command to check free disk
   space.
  </para>
 </sect1>

<![%standalone-ignore;[
 <sect1 id="install-getsource">
  <title>Getting The Source</title>

  <para>
   The <productname>PostgreSQL</> &version; sources can be obtained by
   anonymous FTP from <ulink
   url="ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v&version;/postgresql-&version;.tar.gz"></ulink>.
   Other download options can be found on our website:
   <ulink url="http://www.postgresql.org/download/"></ulink>. After you
   have obtained the file, unpack it:
<screen>
<userinput>gunzip postgresql-&version;.tar.gz</userinput>
<userinput>tar xf postgresql-&version;.tar</userinput>
</screen>