users-guide.ps

linux下将各类格式图片转换工具

(2.1) 56.69 640.31 T
(1 Compression Decision List \050CDL, also) 71.24 640.31 T
(Speci\336cs File \050parameter \336le\051\051) 56.69 626.31 T
0 10 Q
0.18 (If you want to be very exact in what is set during the) 85.04 599.64 P
1.71 (encoding, use CDL_FILE \050the older SPECIFICS_FILE is) 56.69 588.64 P
0.18 (supported as well\051 to point to a file describing the exact set-) 56.69 577.64 P
0.22 (tings wished for the encoding. The version 1.0 of CDL sup-) 56.69 566.64 P
(port has the following format:) 56.69 555.64 T
(version 1) 85.04 542.64 T
(frame FN T Q) 85.04 529.64 T
(slice SN Q) 85.04 516.64 T
(block BN Q | BN Q skip | BN Q bi fx fy bx by |) 85.04 503.64 T
(BN Q forw fx fy | BN Q back bx by) 109.7 490.64 T
3.51 (FN, SN, and BN signal which frame/slice/block) 85.04 477.64 P
1.64 (number the command applies to. Note that if you have a) 56.69 466.64 P
2.22 (block or slice command, must be proceeded by a frame) 56.69 455.64 P
0.63 (command for that frame. T sets the type of the frame \050I, P,) 56.69 444.64 P
-0.06 (B, or - to not set\051. Q sets the q-scale \0501-31 or +N -N for rela-) 56.69 433.64 P
0.17 (tive scaling, or 0 for no change\051. The detailed block specifi-) 56.69 422.64 P
2.81 (cations set the motion vectors \050in half-pixel units\051. See) 56.69 411.64 P
(specifications.c for more information.) 56.69 400.64 T
2.25 (Version 2 CDL files have relative Qscales, so \3222) 85.04 387.64 P
1.89 (\322means decrease the Qscale by 2, \3222\323 means increase it.) 56.69 376.64 P
(Unsigned numbers like \3224\323 set the Qscale \050to 4\051.) 56.69 365.64 T
(Usage:) 85.04 352.64 T
(CDL_FILE filename) 85.04 326.64 T
(CDL_DEFINES string) 85.04 313.64 T
3 (where filename contains the specifics, and string) 85.04 300.64 P
0.61 (\050optional\051 are defines to be passed to the C preprocessor to) 56.69 289.64 P
(use on the file \050-Db=block for example\051.) 56.69 278.64 T
0 12 Q
(2.12 Gamma Correction \050parameter \336le\051) 56.69 251.31 T
0 10 Q
-0.13 (If your movies are too light or too dark for your play-) 85.04 224.64 P
(back system, you can pre-gamma correct them.) 56.69 213.64 T
(Usage:) 85.04 200.64 T
2 F
(GAMMA gamma-val) 85.04 174.64 T
0 F
1.5 (gamma-corrects by raising each luminance fraction) 85.04 161.64 P
(to the power) 56.69 150.64 T
2 F
(gamma-val) 109.15 150.64 T
0 F
(\050a float\051) 169.12 150.64 T
0.18 (This works by converting the luminance \050brightness\051) 85.04 137.64 P
-0.17 (of the input image to a fraction zero to one, and then raises it) 56.69 126.64 P
-0.17 (to the power) 56.69 115.64 P
2 F
-0.4 (gamma-val) 108.65 115.64 P
0 F
-0.17 (. Thus values less than 1 brighten,) 162.62 115.64 P
2.36 (and greater than 1 dim. If your output device has good) 56.69 104.64 P
0.92 (brightness controls, it is better to control brightness at that) 56.69 93.64 P
(end.) 56.69 82.64 T
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0 12 Q
0 X
(2.13 Encoding GOPs at a T) 314.36 727.31 T
(ime \050command line\051) 445.86 727.31 T
0 10 Q
2.65 (Instead of encoding an entire sequence, you can) 342.71 700.64 P
1.57 (encode a single GOP. GOPs can later be joined together) 314.36 689.64 P
(with the encoder to form an MPEG file.) 314.36 678.64 T
(Usage:) 342.71 665.64 T
2 F
(-gop num) 342.71 652.64 T
0 F
1.81 (This only encodes the numbered GOP \050which are) 342.71 639.64 P
(numbered beginning at 0.) 314.36 628.64 T
1.2 (The output file will be the normal output filename) 342.71 615.64 P
(with the suffix \322.gop.<gop_num>\323) 314.36 604.64 T
1.18 (GOP files can be joined at any time using the fol-) 342.71 578.64 P
(lowing command-line argument.) 314.36 567.64 T
(Usage:) 342.71 554.64 T
2 F
(-combine_gops) 342.71 541.64 T
0 F
2.05 (This causes the encoder to simply combine some) 342.71 528.64 P
0.52 (GOP files into a single MPEG stream. A sequence header/) 314.36 517.64 P
0.03 (ender are inserted. In this case, the parameter file need only) 314.36 506.64 P
0.18 (contain the YUV_SIZE value, an output file, and perhaps a) 314.36 495.64 P
0.21 (list of input GOP files. If no list of input GOP files is used,) 314.36 484.64 P
0.45 (then the encoder assumes you\325re using the same parameter) 314.36 473.64 P
-0.08 (file you used with the) 314.36 462.64 P
2 F
-0.19 (-gop) 403.08 462.64 P
0 F
-0.08 (option, and calculates the cor-) 432.88 462.64 P
0.52 (responding gop filenames itself. If this is not the case, you) 314.36 451.64 P
0.58 (can specify input GOP files in the same manner as normal) 314.36 440.64 P
0.44 (input files -- except instead of using INPUT_DIR, INPUT,) 314.36 429.64 P
1.79 (and END_INPUT, use GOP_INPUT_DIR, GOP_INPUT,) 314.36 418.64 P
1.38 (and GOP_END_INPUT. If no input GOP files are speci-) 314.36 407.64 P
-0.05 (fied, then the default is to use the output file name with suf-) 314.36 396.64 P
(fix \322.gop.<gop_num>\323 starting from 0 as the input files.) 314.36 385.64 T
4.1 (Thus, to summarize, unless you\325re mixing and) 342.71 372.64 P
0.2 (matching GOP files from different sources, you can simply) 314.36 361.64 P
1.37 (use the same parameter file for the) 314.36 350.64 P
2 F
3.28 (-gop) 464.63 350.64 P
0 F
1.37 ( and) 488.62 350.64 P
2 F
3.28 (-combi-) 510.78 350.64 P
(ne_gops) 314.36 339.64 T
0 F
( options.) 356.34 339.64 T
0 12 Q
(2.14 Encoding Frames at a T) 314.36 299.31 T
(ime \050command line\051) 452.51 299.31 T
0 10 Q
2.65 (Instead of encoding an entire sequence, you can) 342.71 273.64 P
0.34 (encode individual frames. These frames can later be joined) 314.36 262.64 P
(together to form an MPEG file.) 314.36 251.64 T
(Usage:) 342.71 238.64 T
(-frames first_frame last_frame) 342.71 225.64 T
2.37 (This causes the encoder to encode the numbered) 342.71 212.64 P
(frames in the given range, inclusive.) 314.36 201.64 T
0.89 (The output will be placed in separate files, one per) 342.71 188.64 P
0.21 (frame, with the filenames being the normal output file with) 314.36 177.64 P
(the suffix \322.frame.<frame num>\323) 314.36 166.64 T
(The frame files can later be combined as follows:) 342.71 140.64 T
(Usage:) 342.71 127.64 T
(-combine_frames) 342.71 114.64 T
2.05 (This causes the encoder to simply combine some) 342.71 101.64 P
2.21 (frames into a single MPEG stream. Sequence and GOP) 314.36 90.64 P
1.11 (headers are inserted appropriately. You can either use the) 314.36 79.64 P
1.39 (same parameter file for -frames and -combine_frames, or) 314.36 68.64 P
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(5) 303.5 34.15 T
72 72 297 732.47 R
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2 F
0 X
(sflowg.07.yuv) 100.35 725.81 T
(sflowg.08.yuv) 100.35 712.81 T
(sflowg.09.yuv) 100.35 699.81 T
(sflowg.10.yuv) 100.35 686.81 T
0 F
1.37 (If there is no star, then the file name is simple) 100.35 660.81 P
0.99 (repeated the appropriate number of times \050[1-10] is 10) 72 649.81 P
(times\051.) 72 638.81 T
-0.18 (Commands can be used to dynamically create the) 100.35 625.81 P
(list of files, for example:) 72 614.81 T
2 F
(INPUT) 100.35 588.81 T
(\324ls July-*.ppm\324) 100.35 575.81 T
(\324cat file-list\324) 100.35 562.81 T
(END_INPUT) 100.35 549.81 T
0 F
1.41 (The command\050s\051 will be executed in the direc-) 100.35 523.81 P
0.44 (tory named by INPUT_DIR if it appears before INPUT) 72 512.81 P
2.09 (in the parameter file. Note that the encoder-provided) 72 501.81 P
(filling in of *\325s is not supported in this mode.) 72 490.81 T
0.36 (The encoder allows you to use other file formats) 100.35 477.81 P
1.61 (by providing an input conversion specifier. You must) 72 466.81 P
0.18 (describe how to convert the input format into one of the) 72 455.81 P
(base file types.) 72 444.81 T
2 F
(Usage:) 100.35 431.81 T
(INPUT_CONVERT conversion) 100.35 405.81 T
3.25 (conversion) 100.35 379.81 P
0 F
1.35 ( must be a multi-star expression.) 160.31 379.81 P
-0.16 (If) 72 368.81 P
2 F
-0.37 (conversion) 81 368.81 P
0 F
-0.16 ( is simply \324*\325, then no conversion takes) 140.97 368.81 P
0.92 (place. Otherwise, each of the file lines are replaced by) 72 357.81 P
0.3 (the conversion line with the file name wherever there is) 72 346.81 P
0.88 (a \324*\325. The conversion line must send the output to std-) 72 335.81 P
-0.12 (out. For example, suppose we have a bunch of GIF files.) 72 324.81 P
(Then we would do:) 72 313.81 T
2 F
(BASE_FILE_FORMAT) 100.35 300.81 T
( PPM) 196.29 300.81 T
(INPUT) 100.35 287.81 T
(pictures.*.gif [0-10]) 100.35 274.81 T
(END_INPUT) 100.35 261.81 T
(INPUT_CONVERT giftoppm *) 100.35 248.81 T
0 F
0.9 (Another example: Suppose we have separate Y,) 100.35 222.81 P
1.18 (U, and V files \050where the U and V have already been) 72 211.81 P
(subsampled\051. Then we might have:) 72 200.81 T
2 F
(BASE_FILE_FORMAT) 100.35 187.81 T
( YUV) 196.29 187.81 T
(INPUT) 100.35 174.81 T
(pictures.* [0-10]) 100.35 161.81 T
(END_INPUT) 100.35 148.81 T
(INPUT_CONVERT cat *.Y *.U *.V) 100.35 135.81 T
(YUV_FORMAT UCB) 100.35 122.81 T
0 F
0.68 (As you can see, the \322files\323 between) 100.35 109.81 P
2 F
1.63 (INPUT) 249.41 109.81 P
0 F
0.68 ( and) 279.39 109.81 P
2 F
2.41 (END_INPUT) 72 98.81 P
0 F
1 ( don\325t have to be files at all! This can be) 125.97 98.81 P
(very useful.) 72 87.81 T
315 72 540 732.47 R
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(To read data from standard input, set:) 343.35 712.81 T
2 F
(INPUT_DIR stdin) 343.35 699.81 T
0 F
1.05 (Note that you cannot use the stdin option when) 343.35 686.81 P
0.07 (coding in parallel. \050Use GOPINPUTDIR or FRAMEIN-) 315 675.81 P
(PUTDIR if combining frames/GOPs.\051) 315 664.81 T
(The output file is specified by:) 343.35 638.81 T
2 F
(OUTPUT filename) 343.35 625.81 T
0 F
(for example:) 343.35 612.81 T
2 F
(OUTPUT /u/keving/mpg/flowers.mpg) 343.35 599.81 T
0 12 Q
(2.8 Original or Decoded \050parameter \336le\051) 315 559.47 T
0 10 Q
0.09 (The encoder can use either the original frames as) 343.35 532.81 P
3 (reference frames, or the decoded frames. Using the) 315 521.81 P
2.48 (decoded frames gives better playback quality, but is) 315 510.81 P
1.93 (slower and seems to give worse compression. It also) 315 499.81 P
0.63 (causes some complications with parallel encoding. \050see) 315 488.81 P
0.95 (the section on parallel encoding\051 One recommendation) 315 477.81 P
0.52 (is to use original, and lower the q-scale if the quality is) 315 466.81 P
(not good enough. Table six shows the trade-offs.) 315 455.81 T
(Usage:) 343.35 429.81 T
2 F
(REFERENCE_FRAME ORIGINAL) 343.35 403.81 T
0 12 Q
(2.9 Bit-rate Control \050parameter \336le\051) 315 272.47 T
0 10 Q
1.53 (The default encoding uses variable bit rate. To) 343.35 245.81 P
0.33 (limit the bit rate, the MPEG-2 Standard\325s algorithm has) 315 234.81 P
2.39 (been implemented \050suitably adjusted\051. There are two) 315 223.81 P
(parameters which must be set to use bit-rate control:) 315 212.81 T
2 F
(BUFFER_SIZE N \050in bits\051) 343.35 199.81 T
(BIT_RATE M \050in bytes/sec\051) 343.35 186.81 T
0 F
-0.09 (N sets the largest required buffer, M specifies the) 343.35 173.81 P
1 (continual rate. N is set in number of bits, the buffer is) 315 162.81 P
(actually in 16bit ints.) 315 151.81 T
0 12 Q
(2.10 Userdata \050parameter \336le\051) 315 124.47 T
0 10 Q
0.01 (An identification string is added by default to the) 343.35 97.81 P
2.96 (Sequence layer user-data field. It is \322UCB Encoder) 315 86.81 P
1.41 (Vers\323 \050where Vers is replaced by the encoder version) 315 75.81 P
1 12 Q
-0.15 (T) 315 380.47 P
-0.15 (able 6: Original or Decoded? \050Normalized\051) 321.9 380.47 P
0 10 Q
(Reference) 323.62 352.81 T
(Compress) 373.49 358.81 T
(ion) 387.1 346.81 T
(Speed) 429.46 352.81 T
(Quality) 486.21 358.81 T
(I/P/B) 490.65 346.81 T
(Decoded) 329.87 328.81 T
(1000) 383.49 328.81 T
(1000) 431.68 328.81 T
(1000/969/919) 473.44 328.81 T
(Original) 332.08 312.81 T
(885) 385.99 312.81 T
(1373) 431.68 312.81 T
(1000/912/884) 473.44 312.81 T
318.37 370.22 318.37 306.72 2 L
V
0.5 H
0 Z
N
369.39 370.72 369.39 306.22 2 L
V
N
417.58 370.72 417.58 306.22 2 L
V
N
465.77 370.72 465.77 306.22 2 L
V
N
536.63 370.22 536.63 306.72 2 L
V
N
318.12 370.47 536.88 370.47 2 L
V
N
318.62 339.72 536.38 339.72 2 L
V
N
318.62 337.22 536.38 337.22 2 L
V
N
318.12 322.47 536.88 322.47 2 L
V
N
318.12 306.47 536.88 306.47 2 L
V
N
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(4) 303.5 34.15 T
56.69 54.99 297.64 735.31 R
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0 X
(A standard sequence is IBBPBBPBBPBBPB) 85.04 715.64 T
(Usage:) 85.04 702.64 T
2 F
(PATTERN) 85.04 676.64 T
( <IPB pattern>) 127.02 676.64 T
0 F
1.84 (Note that if the last frame in an encoding is a B-) 85.04 650.64 P
0.07 (frame, it will not be encoded \050since it has no future frame to) 56.69 639.64 P
1.81 (reference from\051. Pre-I patters like BBIBBP are legal, but) 56.69 628.64 P
0 (seem to have bugs, so watch out! To insure that every frame) 56.69 617.64 P
0.63 (is encoded, the encoder can force the last frame to be an I-) 56.69 606.64 P
(frame.) 56.69 595.64 T
(Usage:) 85.04 582.64 T
2 F
(FORCE_ENCODE_LAST_FRAME) 85.04 556.64 T
0 12 Q
(2.7 Specifying Input Files \050parameter \336le\051) 56.69 516.31 T
0 10 Q
0.03 (The encoder can accept five base types of input files:) 85.04 489.64 P
0.08 (PPM, PNM, JMOVIE, JPEG, and YUV. Note that PPM is a) 56.69 478.64 P
1.38 (subset of PNM; the PPM option is available because it is) 56.69 467.64 P
0.49 (faster to read if the files are known to be PPM. JMOVIE is) 56.69 456.64 P
0.19 (the format created by the Parallax video grabber. JPEGs are) 56.69 445.64 P
-0.06 (a standard image format. YUV formats are described below.) 56.69 434.64 P
0.98 (If you use YUV format, you must specify the pixel) 85.04 421.64 P
0.61 (size of the image in the parameter file and the YUV_FOR-) 56.69 410.64 P
(MAT.) 56.69 399.64 T
(Usage:) 85.04 386.64 T
2 F
(BASE_FILE_FORMAT format) 85.04 360.64 T
(YUV_SIZE widthxheight) 85.04 347.64 T
(YUV_FORMAT yuv_format) 85.04 334.64 T
0.1 (format) 85.04 308.64 P
0 F
0.04 ( is one of {) 121.02 308.64 P
2 F
0.1 (YUV, PPM, PNM, JMOVIE,) 165.4 308.64 P
(JPEG) 56.69 297.64 T
0 F
(}) 80.68 297.64 T
2 F
(width) 85.04 284.64 T
0 F
( and) 115.02 284.64 T
2 F
(height) 134.45 284.64 T
0 F
( are integers \050like 320x240\051) 170.43 284.64 T
2 F
5.81 (yuv_format) 85.04 271.64 P
0 F
2.42 (is one of) 156.81 271.64 P
2 F
5.81 ( {ABEKAS, EYUV,) 196.07 271.64 P
1.66 (PHILLIPS, UCB, {SPECIAL}},) 56.69 260.64 P
0 F
0.69 (where) 223.59 260.64 P
2 F
1.66 ( SPECIAL) 248 260.64 P
0 F
1.83 (is a specification of the pattern of Y, U, and V, such as) 56.69 249.64 P
2 F
-0.57 (UYVY) 56.69 238.64 P
0 F
-0.24 (for) 86.1 238.64 P
2 F
-0.57 ( ABEKAS. The pattern can be of any) 97.76 238.64 P
1.18 (length, or order, but must consist only) 56.69 227.64 P
0.15 (of Ys, Us, andVs, and must represent two) 56.69 216.64 P
3.18 (pixels of data \050thus YUVYUV for 4:4:4) 56.69 205.64 P
(source\051.) 56.69 194.64 T
0 F
1.73 (You must specify the directory in which the input) 85.04 168.64 P
-0.12 (files are located. You can use \324.\325 to specify the current direc-) 56.69 157.64 P
(tory.) 56.69 146.64 T
(Usage:) 85.04 133.64 T
(INPUT_DIR directory) 85.04 107.64 T
1.08 (You must also specify the names of the files them-) 85.04 81.64 P
1.11 (selves. You list them sequentially, one per line, in display) 56.69 70.64 P
2.12 (order. There are shortcuts, however, which allow you to) 56.69 59.64 P
314.36 54.99 552.76 735.31 R
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(condense many files into one line.) 314.36 728.64 T
(Usage:) 342.71 715.64 T
2 F
(INPUT) 342.71 689.64 T
(file) 342.71 676.64 T
2 8 Q
(1) 366.7 674.14 T
2 10 Q
(file) 342.71 663.64 T
2 8 Q
(2) 366.7 661.14 T
2 10 Q
(...) 342.71 650.64 T
(file) 342.71 637.64 T
2 8 Q
(n) 366.7 635.14 T
2 10 Q
(END_INPUT) 342.71 624.64 T
8.17 (file) 342.71 598.64 P
2 8 Q
6.53 (i) 366.7 596.14 P
0 10 Q
3.4 ( can be either a file name, a single-star) 371.49 598.64 P
0.28 (expression followed by a bracketed expansion for star, or a) 314.36 587.64 P
0.28 (command to be executed. There are two types of bracketed) 314.36 576.64 P
(expansions. For example:) 314.36 565.64 T
2 F
(sflowg.*.yuv [0-10]) 342.71 539.64 T
0 F
(is expanded to:) 342.71 513.64 T
2 F
(sflowg.0.yuv) 342.71 487.64 T
(sflowg.1.yuv) 342.71 474.64 T
(sflowg.2.yuv) 342.71 461.64 T
(sflowg.3.yuv) 342.71 448.64 T
(sflowg.4.yuv) 342.71 435.64 T
(sflowg.5.yuv) 342.71 422.64 T
(sflowg.6.yuv) 342.71 409.64 T
(sflowg.7.yuv) 342.71 396.64 T
(sflowg.8.yuv) 342.71 383.64 T
(sflowg.9.yuv) 342.71 370.64 T
(sflowg.10.yuv) 342.71 357.64 T
(sflowg.*.yuv [0-10+3]) 342.71 331.64 T
0 F
(is expanded to:) 342.71 305.64 T
2 F
(sflowg.0.yuv) 342.71 279.64 T
(sflowg.3.yuv) 342.71 266.64 T
(sflowg.6.yuv) 342.71 253.64 T
(sflowg.9.yuv) 342.71 240.64 T
0 F
(Also, the encoder will pad with 0\325s if necessary:) 342.71 214.64 T
2 F
(sflowg.*.yuv [00-10]) 342.71 188.64 T
0 F
(is expanded to:) 342.71 162.64 T
2 F
(sflowg.00.yuv) 342.71 136.64 T
(sflowg.01.yuv) 342.71 123.64 T
(sflowg.02.yuv) 342.71 110.64 T
(sflowg.03.yuv) 342.71 97.64 T
(sflowg.04.yuv) 342.71 84.64 T
(sflowg.05.yuv) 342.71 71.64 T
(sflowg.06.yuv) 342.71 5