main.c

linux下的一些小游戏编程

#include <SDL/SDL.h>
#include <SDL/SDL_thread.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include "gamedefs.h"
#include "particle.h"
#include "background.h"
#include "resources.h"
#include "scripting.h"
#include "network.h"

/* Player data */
enum { OPP_COMPUTER, OPP_NETWORK } opponent_type;

SDL_mutex *player_mutex;        /* lock on player data, so the networking
				   code can access it safely in the background */
player_t player;		/* the player sitting at the local keyboard */
player_t opponent;		/* scripted or networked opponent */

/* The current camera position */
static int camera_x, camera_y;	/* position of 640x480 viewport within world */

SDL_Surface *screen;		/* global for convenience */

/* Network link structure */
net_link_t netlink;
int network_ok = 1;

/* Network thread */
SDL_Thread *network_thread;

/* Other misc. global variables */
int fullscreen = 0;
int hwsurface = 0;
int doublebuf = 0;

double time_scale = 0;

/* ==========
   Prototypes
   ========== */

static unsigned int getrandom();
static void initrandom();
static void DrawPlayer(player_p p);
static void InitPlayer();
static void UpdatePlayer(player_p p);
static void PlayGame();

/* This is a simple custom pseudorandom number generator. It's not a very
   good one, but it's sufficient for our purposes. Never trust the rand()
   included with the C library. Its quality varies between implementations,
   and it's easy to run into patterns within the generated numbers. At least
   this one is consistent. */
static Sint32 seed = 0;

static void initrandom()
{
    seed = time(NULL);
}

static unsigned int getrandom()
{
    Sint32 p1 = 1103515245;
    Sint32 p2 = 12345;
    seed = (seed*p1+p2) % 2147483647;
    return (unsigned)seed/3;
}

/* =======
   Drawing
   ======= */

/* Draws the given player to the screen. */
static void DrawPlayer(player_p p)
{
    SDL_Rect src, dest;
    int angle;
	
    /* Calculate the player's new screen coordinates. */
    p->screen_x = (int)p->world_x - camera_x;
    p->screen_y = (int)p->world_y - camera_y;

    /* If the player isn't on the screen, don't draw anything. */
    if (p->screen_x < -PLAYER_WIDTH/2 ||
	p->screen_x >= SCREEN_WIDTH+PLAYER_WIDTH/2)
	return;
	
    if (p->screen_y < -PLAYER_HEIGHT/2 ||
	p->screen_y >= SCREEN_HEIGHT+PLAYER_HEIGHT/2)
	return;
	
    /* Calculate drawing coordinates. */
    angle = p->angle;
    if (angle < 0) angle += 360;
    src.x = PLAYER_WIDTH * (angle / 4);
    src.y = 0;
    src.w = PLAYER_WIDTH;
    src.h = PLAYER_HEIGHT;
    dest.x = p->screen_x - PLAYER_WIDTH/2;
    dest.y = p->screen_y - PLAYER_HEIGHT/2;
    dest.w = PLAYER_WIDTH;
    dest.h = PLAYER_HEIGHT;
	
    /* Draw the sprite. */
    SDL_BlitSurface(ship_strip,&src,screen,&dest);
}

/* =============
   Player Update
   ============= */

/* Initializes the player. */
static void InitPlayer()
{
    player.world_x = getrandom() % WORLD_WIDTH;
    player.world_y = getrandom() % WORLD_HEIGHT;
    player.accel = 0;
    player.velocity = 0;
    player.angle = 0;
    UpdatePlayer(&player);
}

/* Initializes the opponent (either computer- or network-controlled). */
static void InitOpponent()
{
    opponent.world_x = getrandom() % WORLD_WIDTH;
    opponent.world_y = getrandom() % WORLD_HEIGHT;
    opponent.accel = 0;
    opponent.velocity = 0;
    opponent.angle = 0;
}

/* Calculates a player's new world coordinates based on the camera
   and the player's velocity. Adds acceleration to velocity. Uses simple
   trigonometry to update the world coordinates. */
static void UpdatePlayer(player_p p)
{
    float angle;
	
    angle = (float)p->angle;
	
    SDL_LockMutex(player_mutex);

    p->velocity += p->accel * time_scale;
    if (p->velocity > PLAYER_MAX_VELOCITY) p->velocity = PLAYER_MAX_VELOCITY;
    if (p->velocity < PLAYER_MIN_VELOCITY) p->velocity = PLAYER_MIN_VELOCITY;
	
    p->world_x += p->velocity * cos(angle*PI/180.0) * time_scale;
    p->world_y += p->velocity * -sin(angle*PI/180.0) * time_scale;
				
    /* Make sure the player doesn't slide off the edge of the world. */
    if (p->world_x < 0) p->world_x = 0;
    if (p->world_x >= WORLD_WIDTH) p->world_x = WORLD_WIDTH-1;
    if (p->world_y < 0) p->world_y = 0;
    if (p->world_y >= WORLD_HEIGHT) p->world_y = WORLD_HEIGHT-1;

    SDL_UnlockMutex(player_mutex);
}

/* This routine first sends a network packet, then waits for one to
   arrive. It should be called once per frame.
   Returns 0 on success, -1 on network error. */
static int UpdateNetworkPlayer()
{
    net_pkt_t incoming, outgoing;
    int firing, hit;

    /* Compose a packet. Don't hold the data lock any longer
       than necessary (don't want to hold up the main loop). */
    SDL_LockMutex(player_mutex);
    CreateNetPacket(&outgoing, &player, 0, 0);
    SDL_UnlockMutex(player_mutex);

    /* Send it. */
    if (WriteNetgamePacket(&netlink, &outgoing) != 0) {
	fprintf(stderr, "Unable to write network packet.\n");
	return -1;
    }

    /* Receive a packet from the remote host. */
    if (ReadNetgamePacket(&netlink, &incoming) != 0) {
	fprintf(stderr, "Unable to read network packet.\n");
	return -1;
    }

    /* Update our copy of the opponent's data. */
    SDL_LockMutex(player_mutex);
    InterpretNetPacket(&incoming, &opponent.world_x, &opponent.world_y,
		       &opponent.angle, &opponent.velocity,
		       &firing, &hit);
    SDL_UnlockMutex(player_mutex);

    return 0;
}

static int NetworkThread(void *arg)
{
    network_ok = 1;

    /* Avoid compiler warning. */
    arg += 0;

    for (;;) {
	if (UpdateNetworkPlayer() != 0) {
	    printf("Network error.\n");
	    network_ok = 0;
	    break;
	}
		
	/* A slight speed brake. */
/*		SDL_Delay(10);*/
    }
       
    return 0;
}

/* ==============
   Main Game Loop
   ============== */

static void PlayGame()
{
    Uint8 *keystate;
    int quit = 0;
    int turn;
    int prev_ticks = 0, cur_ticks = 0; /* for keeping track of timing */

    /* framerate counter variables */
    int start_time, end_time;
    int frames_drawn = 0;
	
    prev_ticks = SDL_GetTicks();
	
    start_time = time(NULL);
    while ((quit == 0) && network_ok) {
		
	/* Determine how many milliseconds have passed since
	   the last frame, and update our motion scaling. */
		
	prev_ticks = cur_ticks;
	cur_ticks = SDL_GetTicks();
	time_scale = (double)(cur_ticks-prev_ticks)/30.0;
				
	/* Update SDL's internal input state information. */
	SDL_PumpEvents();
		
	/* Grab a snapshot of the keyboard. */
	keystate = SDL_GetKeyState(NULL);

	/* Lock the mutex so we can access the player's data. */
	SDL_LockMutex(player_mutex);
		
	/* Respond to input. */
	if (keystate[SDLK_q] || keystate[SDLK_ESCAPE]) quit = 1;
		
	/* Left and right arrow keys control turning. */
	turn = 0;
	if (keystate[SDLK_LEFT]) turn += 15;
	if (keystate[SDLK_RIGHT]) turn -= 15;
		
	/* Forward and back arrow keys activate thrusters. */
	player.accel = 0;
	if (keystate[SDLK_UP]) player.accel = PLAYER_FORWARD_THRUST;
	if (keystate[SDLK_DOWN]) player.accel = PLAYER_REVERSE_THRUST;
		
	/* Spacebar slows the ship down. */
	if (keystate[SDLK_SPACE]) {
	    player.velocity *= 0.8;
	}
		
	/* Just an amusing way to test the particle system. */
	if (keystate[SDLK_e]) {
	    CreateParticleExplosion(
		player.world_x, player.world_y, 255, 255, 255, 10, 300);
	    CreateParticleExplosion(
		player.world_x, player.world_y, 255, 0, 0, 5, 100);
	    CreateParticleExplosion(
		player.world_x, player.world_y, 255, 255, 0, 2, 50);
	}
		
	/* Allow a turn of four degrees per frame. */
	player.angle += turn * time_scale;
	if (player.angle < 0) player.angle += 360;
	if (player.angle >= 360) player.angle -= 360;

	/* If this is a player vs. computer game, give the computer a chance. */
	if (opponent_type == OPP_COMPUTER) {
	    if (RunGameScript() != 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Ending game due to script error.\n");
		quit = 1;
	    }
	    UpdatePlayer(&opponent);
	}

	/* Update the player's position. */
	UpdatePlayer(&player);

	/* Make the camera follow the player (but impose limits). */
	camera_x = player.world_x - SCREEN_WIDTH/2;
	camera_y = player.world_y - SCREEN_HEIGHT/2;
		
	if (camera_x < 0) camera_x = 0;
	if (camera_x >= WORLD_WIDTH-SCREEN_WIDTH)
	    camera_x = WORLD_WIDTH-SCREEN_WIDTH-1;
	if (camera_y < 0) camera_y = 0;
	if (camera_y >= WORLD_HEIGHT-SCREEN_HEIGHT)
	    camera_y = WORLD_HEIGHT-SCREEN_HEIGHT-1;

	/* Update the particle system. */
	UpdateParticles();
				
	/* Redraw everything. */
	DrawBackground(screen, camera_x, camera_y);
	DrawParallax(screen, camera_x, camera_y);
	DrawParticles(screen, camera_x, camera_y);
	DrawPlayer(&player);
	DrawPlayer(&opponent);

	/* Release the mutex so the networking system can get it.
	   It doesn't stay unlocked for very long, but the networking
	   system should still have plenty of time. */
	SDL_UnlockMutex(player_mutex);
	
	/* Flip the page. */
	SDL_Flip(screen);

	frames_drawn++;

    }

    end_time = time(NULL);
    if (start_time == end_time) end_time++;

    /* Display the average framerate. */
    printf("Drew %i frames in %i seconds, for a framerate of %.2f fps.\n",
	   frames_drawn,
	   end_time-start_time,
	   (float)frames_drawn/(float)(end_time-start_time));

}


int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    enum { GAME_COMPUTER, GAME_NETWORK, GAME_UNKNOWN } game_type = GAME_UNKNOWN;
    char *remote_address = NULL;
    int remote_port;
    int i;
	
    if (argc < 2) {
	printf("Penguin Warrior\n");
	printf("Usage: pw [ mode ] [ option ... ]\n");
	printf("  Game modes (choose one):\n");
	printf("    --computer\n");
	printf("    --client <remote ip address>\n");
	printf("    --server <port number>\n");
	printf("  Display options, for tweaking and experimenting:\n");
	printf("    --fullscreen\n");
	printf("    --hwsurface  (use an SDL hardware surface if possible)\n");
	printf("    --doublebuf  (use SDL double buffering if possible)\n");
	printf("  The display options default to a windowed, software buffer.\n");
	return 1;
    }

    /* Process command line arguments. There are plenty of libraries for command
       line processing, but our needs are simple in this case. */
    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {

	/* Networked or scripted opponent? */
	if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--computer")) {
	    game_type = GAME_COMPUTER;
	    continue;
	} else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--client")) {
	    game_type = GAME_NETWORK;
	    if (i + 2 >= argc) {
		printf("You must supply an IP address "\
		       "and port number for network games.\n");
		return 1;
	    }
	    remote_address = argv[i+1];
	    remote_port = atoi(argv[i+2]);
	    i++;
	    continue;

	} else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--server")) {
	    game_type = GAME_NETWORK;
	    if (++i >= argc) {
		printf("You must supply a port number "\
		       "for --server.\n");
		return 1;
	    }
	    remote_port = atoi(argv[i]);
	    continue;
			
	    /* Display-related options */
	} else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--hwsurface")) {
	    hwsurface = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--doublebuf")) {
	    doublebuf = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--fullscreen")) {
	    fullscreen = 1;
	}
    }

    /* If this is a network game, make a connection. */
    if (game_type == GAME_NETWORK) {

	/* If there's no remote address, the user selected
	   server mode. */
	if (remote_address == NULL) {
	    if (WaitNetgameConnection(remote_port,
				      &netlink) != 0) {
		printf("Unable to receive connection.\n");
		return 1;
	    }
	} else {
	    if (ConnectToNetgame(remote_address, remote_port,
				 &netlink) != 0) {
		printf("Unable to connect.\n");
		return 1;
	    }
	}

	printf("Connected to %s.\n", netlink.dotted_ip);
    }

    /* Set up the opponent. */
    switch (game_type) {
    case GAME_COMPUTER:
	opponent_type = OPP_COMPUTER;
	printf("Playing against the computer.\n");
	break; 
			
    case GAME_NETWORK:
	opponent_type = OPP_NETWORK;
	printf("Network game selected.\n");
	break;
			
    default:
	printf("You must select a game type.\n");
	return 1;
    }
	
    /* Initialize our random number generator. */
    initrandom();

    /* Create a mutex to protect the player data. */
    player_mutex = SDL_CreateMutex();
    if (player_mutex == NULL) {
	fprintf(stderr, "Unable to create mutex: %s\n",
		SDL_GetError());
    }

    /* Start our scripting engine. */
    InitScripting();
    if (LoadGameScript("pw.tcl") != 0) {
	fprintf(stderr, "Exiting due to script error.\n");
	return 1;
    }

    /* Fire up SDL. */
    if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) < 0) {
	printf("Unable to initialize SDL: %s\n", SDL_GetError());
	return 1;
    }
    atexit(SDL_Quit);
	
    /* Set an appropriate 16-bit double buffered video mode. */
    if (SDL_SetVideoMode(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, 16,
			 (hwsurface ? SDL_HWSURFACE : SDL_SWSURFACE) |
			 (doublebuf ? SDL_DOUBLEBUF : 0) |
			 (fullscreen ? SDL_FULLSCREEN : 0)) == NULL) {
	printf("Unable to set video mode: %s\n", SDL_GetError());
	return 1;
    }
	
    /* Save the screen pointer for later use. */
    screen = SDL_GetVideoSurface();
	
    /* Set the window caption to the name of the game. */
    SDL_WM_SetCaption("Penguin Warrior", "Penguin Warrior");
	
    /* Hide the mouse pointer. */
    SDL_ShowCursor(0);
		
    /* Load the game's data into globals. */
    LoadGameData();

    /* Initialize the background starfield. */
    InitBackground();

    /* Start the network thread. */
    if (game_type == GAME_NETWORK) {
	network_thread = SDL_CreateThread(NetworkThread, NULL);
	if (network_thread == NULL) {
	    printf("Unable to start network thread: %s\n",
		   SDL_GetError());
	    return 1;
	}
    }
	
    /* Play! */
    InitPlayer();
    InitOpponent();
    PlayGame();

    /* Kill the network thread. */
    if (game_type == GAME_NETWORK) {
	SDL_KillThread(network_thread);
    }

    /* Close the network connection. */
    if (game_type == GAME_NETWORK)
	CloseNetgameLink(&netlink);

    /* Unhide the mouse pointer. */
    SDL_ShowCursor(1);
	
    /* Unload data. */
    UnloadGameData();
	
    /* Shut down our scripting engine. */
    CleanupScripting();

    /* Get rid of the mutex. */
    SDL_DestroyMutex(player_mutex);

    return 0;
}